Understanding Mental Disorders Due To Medical Conditions Or Substance Abuse

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazi Asaad
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medical Conditions

A propósito de un caso: Sintomatología psicótica en paciente con Trastorno por uso de sustancias

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Piña Baena ◽  
◽  
Antonio Manuel Ramírez Ojeda ◽  
Celia Muñoz Cauqui ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Uso De Sustancias

Descripción del caso Varón de 46 años con orientación diagnóstica de Trastorno Depresivo Moderado y Trastorno Mixto de la personalidad, junto con consumo de diversos tóxicos. (1) De manera insidiosa, superpuesto al cuadro afectivo, comienza con sintomatología sensoperceptiva en forma de alucinaciones auditivas, con gran repercusión afectiva y conductual (2). Exploración Colaborador y orientado. Discurso coherente y fluido. Ánimo bajo y clínica ansiosa. Irritabilidad y suspicacia, marcada tendencia al aislamiento, con abandono de autocuidados. Fenómenos sensoperceptivos ‘algunas veces escucho a mi madre...falleció hace años’. Hiporexia reactiva e insomnio de conciliación. Evolución De novo, aparecen síntomas de la esfera psicótica, con gran repercusión conductual (aislamiento y abandono de autocuidados), impresionando de reactivos al consumo de tóxicos. Ante esta situación se indica tratamiento antipsicótico, añadiendo aripiprazol oral, y posteriomente de liberación prolongada mensual. Existe una mejoría clínica evidente, con una ganancia en la funcionalidad diaria objetivable. Juicio clínico Trastorno Depresivo Moderado (F32.1) y Trastorno Mixto de la personalidad (F61). Discusión Se ha evidenciado la comorbilidad entre el trastorno por uso de sustancias y situaciones tales como síntomas de corte psicótico, suponiendo, en determinadas ocasiones, situación de gran angustia y repercusión para dichos sujetos (3). En esta línea, es importante poder garantizar la abstinencia a tóxicos, además de plantear un tratamiento farmacológico y psicoterapéutico que pueda mejorar dicha sintomatología. En el caso presentado, existe una mejoría clínico y funcional del mismo evidente y llamativa. Bibliografía (1) American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4. Washington, DC: Author; 2000. text rev (2) Falkai P. Delusional disorders due to medical conditions or substance abuse. WPA Journal volume 2 supplement 1. 2003 (3) Bowden-Jones O, Iqbal MZ, Tyrer P, Seivewright N, Cooper S, Judd A, Weaver T. Prevalence of personality disorder in alcohol and drug services and associated comorbidity. Addiction 99[10], 1306-1314. 2004

A descriptive study of the prevalence of psychological distress and mental disorders in the Canadian population: comparison between low-income and non-low-income populations

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Caron ◽  
A. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
High Psychological Distress

Objective This descriptive study compares rates of high psychological distress and mental disorders between low-income and non-low-income populations in Canada. Methods Data were collected through the Canadian Community Health Survey – Mental Health and Well-being (CCHS 1.2), which surveyed 36 984 Canadians aged 15 or over; 17.9% (n = 6620) was classified within the low-income population using the Low Income Measure. The K-10 was used to measure psychological distress and the CIDI for assessing mental disorders. Results One out of 5 Canadians reported high psychological distress, and 1 out of 10 reported at least one of the five mental disorders surveyed or substance abuse. Women, single, separated or divorced respondents, non-immigrants and Aboriginal Canadians were more likely to report suffering from psychological distress or from mental disorders and substance abuse. Rates of reported psychological distress and of mental disorders and substance abuse were much higher in low-income populations, and these differences were statistically consistent in most of the sociodemographic strata. Conclusion This study helps determine the vulnerable groups in mental health for which prevention and promotion programs could be designed.

Emotion Modulation in Psychiatric Patients Through Music

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Gebhardt ◽  
Markus Kunkel ◽  
Richard von Georgi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Applied Music ◽  
Cognitive Problem ◽  
Psychiatric Population ◽  
Degree Of Severity

This study explores differences in the use of music in everyday life among diagnostic groups of a psychiatric population (n = 180) in reference to a group of healthy subjects (n = 430). The results indicate that patients with mental disorders use music more for emotion modulation than healthy controls. In particular, patients with substance abuse and those with personality disorders used music mainly for cognitive problem solving and the reduction of negative activation, whereas patients with substance abuse in addition used music not often to stimulate themselves positively. Patients suffering from schizophrenia and personality disorders more often applied music for relaxation than the subjects of the reference group. Furthermore, the degree of severity of the psychiatric disorder correlated with the increased use of music for emotion modulation, i.e., for relaxation and cognitive problem solving. Thus, the results demonstrate an increased use of music for emotion modulation in patients with mental disorders in association with the severity of the disorder.

scholarly journals Características sociodemográficas de las personas admitidas en un centro hospitalario psiquiátrico alemán: un estudio retrospectivo.

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Blanca Patricia Silva-Barrera ◽  
Rocio Juliá-Sanchis ◽  
Andrés Montoyo-Guijarro ◽  
Rosa Requena-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Salud Mental

Resumen En los últimos años se han suscitado cambios en la salud mental de las personas, debido a las diversas problemáticas sociodemográficas actuales. Se requiere de la exploración de los acontecimientos que causan síntomas psiquiátricos en las personas con necesidad de ingreso y hospitalización. Es por eso que se realizó este estudio retrospectivo sobre 1.593 historias clínicas del hospital psiquiátrico Main-Kinzig-Kreis Schlüchtern en Alemania durante el período 2000-2014 en pacientes de 18 a 69 años. Se identificó como motivo de ingreso a un 37.16% de personas como pacientes con síntomas agudos, una relación con consumos de sustancias provocadas por adicciones en un 41.62% y el trastorno depresivo en un 28.75%. Se detecta la descompensación de trastornos mentales graves en 27.05%, en donde el 34.71% de los pacientes fueron derivadas desde otros dispositivos asistenciales y el 32.89% decidió ingresar por sí mismo. El perfil del paciente ingresado es de ser hombre entre 41-50 años, casado o con pareja, derivado por recurso asistencial relacionado con la descompensación de un trastorno mental grave. Abstract In recent years, changes have occurred in people's mental health due to various current socio- demographic issues. The exploration of the events that cause psychiatric symptoms in people who need admission and hospitalization is required. That is why this retrospective study was conducted on 1.593 clinical history from the Main-Kinzig-Kreis Schlüchtern psychiatric hospital in Germany during the period 2000-2014 in patients aged 18 to 69. A total of 37.16% of the patients were identified as having acute symptoms, 41.62% as having substance abuse due to addiction and 28.75% as having a depressive disorder. Decompensation of severe mental disorders was detected in 27.05%, where 34.71% of the patients were referred from other care devices and 32.89% decided to be admitted on their own. The profile of the admitted patient is a man between 41-50 years old, married or with a partner, referred to the psychiatric hospital for health care resources due to a decompensation of some serious mental disorder.

scholarly journals Psychotic experiences and general medical conditions: a cross-national analysis based on 28 002 respondents from 16 countries in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (16) ◽  
pp. 2730-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M. Scott ◽  
Sukanta Saha ◽  
Carmen C.W. Lim ◽  
Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola ◽  
Ali Al-Hamzawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Severe Headache ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
World Mental Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comorbid Mental Disorders ◽  
Subsequent Onset

AbstractBackgroundPrevious work has identified associations between psychotic experiences (PEs) and general medical conditions (GMCs), but their temporal direction remains unclear as does the extent to which they are independent of comorbid mental disorders.MethodsIn total, 28 002 adults in 16 countries from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys were assessed for PEs, GMCs and 21 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders. Discrete-time survival analyses were used to estimate the associations between PEs and GMCs with various adjustments.ResultsAfter adjustment for comorbid mental disorders, temporally prior PEs were significantly associated with subsequent onset of 8/12 GMCs (arthritis, back or neck pain, frequent or severe headache, other chronic pain, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and peptic ulcer) with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–1.5] to 1.9 (95% CI 1.4–2.4). In contrast, only three GMCs (frequent or severe headache, other chronic pain and asthma) were significantly associated with subsequent onset of PEs after adjustment for comorbid GMCs and mental disorders, with ORs ranging from 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–1.9) to 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.4).ConclusionsPEs were associated with the subsequent onset of a wide range of GMCs, independent of comorbid mental disorders. There were also associations between some medical conditions (particularly those involving chronic pain) and subsequent PEs. Although these findings will need to be confirmed in prospective studies, clinicians should be aware that psychotic symptoms may be risk markers for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Whether PEs are causal risk factors will require further research.

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