Mental disorders, asthma, and trauma injuries topped the list of most costly medical conditions in children in 2006

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Medical Conditions

scholarly journals Psychotic experiences and general medical conditions: a cross-national analysis based on 28 002 respondents from 16 countries in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (16) ◽  
pp. 2730-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M. Scott ◽  
Sukanta Saha ◽  
Carmen C.W. Lim ◽  
Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola ◽  
Ali Al-Hamzawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Severe Headache ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
World Mental Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comorbid Mental Disorders ◽  
Subsequent Onset

AbstractBackgroundPrevious work has identified associations between psychotic experiences (PEs) and general medical conditions (GMCs), but their temporal direction remains unclear as does the extent to which they are independent of comorbid mental disorders.MethodsIn total, 28 002 adults in 16 countries from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys were assessed for PEs, GMCs and 21 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) mental disorders. Discrete-time survival analyses were used to estimate the associations between PEs and GMCs with various adjustments.ResultsAfter adjustment for comorbid mental disorders, temporally prior PEs were significantly associated with subsequent onset of 8/12 GMCs (arthritis, back or neck pain, frequent or severe headache, other chronic pain, heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes and peptic ulcer) with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–1.5] to 1.9 (95% CI 1.4–2.4). In contrast, only three GMCs (frequent or severe headache, other chronic pain and asthma) were significantly associated with subsequent onset of PEs after adjustment for comorbid GMCs and mental disorders, with ORs ranging from 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–1.9) to 1.7 (95% CI 1.2–2.4).ConclusionsPEs were associated with the subsequent onset of a wide range of GMCs, independent of comorbid mental disorders. There were also associations between some medical conditions (particularly those involving chronic pain) and subsequent PEs. Although these findings will need to be confirmed in prospective studies, clinicians should be aware that psychotic symptoms may be risk markers for a wide range of adverse health outcomes. Whether PEs are causal risk factors will require further research.

scholarly journals A Study of the Diagnostic Practices for Mental Disorders in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Diagnostic Quality ◽  
Diagnostic Practices ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Introduction: A lack of awareness of the diagnosis of mental disorders exists in the Ghanaian community due to the general misconceptions about mental health. One major challenge in diagnosing mental disorders is that no blood test or scan can be performed to confirm a particular mental disorder, unlike other medical conditions such as cancer, malaria, diabetes, and hepatitis. A stepwise progressive observation and assessment to rule out all possible medical conditions that might be associated with a mental disorder is essential to enhance the quality of diagnosis and treatment. This study focuses on describing the diagnostic practices of mental disorders to educate the public, create awareness, and to improve diagnosis in Ghana. Objective: This paper aims to describe the current diagnostic practices used to diagnose mental disorders to understand the impact of the diagnosis of mental disorders and to provide evidence for mental health policy and planning to improve diagnostic practice in psychiatry in Ghana. Methods: We collected and described data on the diagnosis of mental disorders from 30 mental health professionals aged 20 years and above who were purposively selected from six hospitals. We carried out in-person structured interviews with all participants at their various hospital premises. Results: Stages of diagnosing mental disorders can be single, dual, or multiple. Proportions representing the patterns of diagnosis of the most common types of mental disorders in the population included 73.3% for mania without psychotic syndrome, and 63.3% for hebephrenic schizophrenia. Moderate depressive episodes, bipolar affective disorder with mild or moderate depression, and organic delusion (schizophrenia-like) disorder achieved the same results (56.7%). Phobic anxiety disorder and schizoid personality disorder were also reported by the same proportions (46.7%). Also, symptomatic epilepsy and epileptic syndrome was reported by (43.3%) and 40% for mood disorder due to known physiological condition with manic symptoms. Persistent delusional disorder as well as dementia with behavioral disturbance and dementia with depression and anxiety were reported by the same proportions (36.7%), and 33.3% for psychoactive substance abuse with psychoactive sub-induced anxiety disorder. The level of diagnostic quality in the psychiatric hospitals was higher than in the primary health centers (83.3% vs 63.3%). The most suitable intervention to improve diagnostic quality (40%) was associated with diagnostic education. Most participants (56.7%) assigned a moderate rating to the effectiveness of the interventions to improve diagnostic practices. Conclusion: We plan to use our findings to solicit support from mental health stakeholders to provide comprehensive public education involving basic and specific knowledge on the diagnosis of mental disorders. We recommend that any national programme would need to have sustainable long-term policies to encourage and motivate mental health professionals to participate in diagnostic activities and to pay more attention to patients. Incorporating mental health education into the school curriculum is also important.

scholarly journals Epistemic injustice in psychiatry

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Crichton ◽  
Havi Carel ◽  
Ian James Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Epistemic Injustice ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Contributory Factors

SummaryIt has been argued that those who suffer from medical conditions are more vulnerable to epistemic injustice (a harm done to a person in their capacity as an epistemic subject) than healthy people. This editorial claims that people with mental disorders are even more vulnerable to epistemic injustice than those with somatic illnesses. Two kinds of contributory factors are outlined, global and specific. Some suggestions are made to counteract the effects of these factors, for instance, we suggest that physicians should participate in groups where the subjective experience of patients is explored, and learn to become more aware of their own unconscious prejudices towards psychiatric patients.

Comorbidity between delusional disorder and chronic physical conditions. Results from the Deliranda case register

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S145-S145
Author(s):  
A. Porras Segovia ◽  
C. Carrillo de Albornoz Calahorro ◽  
M. Guerrero Jiménez ◽  
J. Cervilla Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Delusional Disorder ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Chronic Physical Conditions

IntroductionMental disorders are often comorbid with chronic physical conditions. This relationship has been looked into in some mental disorders, such as depression or schizophrenia. However, very few studies have explored this comorbidity in the delusional disorder.ObjectivesThe objective of this study is to establish the prevalence of common chronic medical conditions across delusional disorder.AimsThe aim is to provide useful information regarding this frequent, often disregarded, comorbidity.MethodsOur results proceed from the Andalusian delusional disorder case-register (DelirAnda). We reviewed 1927 clinical histories of patients diagnosed of delusional disorder. Upon having verified the diagnosis following DSM-5 criteria, we recollected data on the prevalence of 10 different medical conditions, which were defined based on clinical diagnosis.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and fifty-two patients matched DSM-5 delusional disorder criteria. Among them, 49.8% of our sample were women. The overall prevalence of medical conditions was 66%. Thirty-one percent of the patients with delusional disorder had only one comorbid physical condition, 20% of them suffered from two conditions, and 15% of them had three or more chronic conditions. The most prevalent physical condition among delusional disorder patients was diabetes, affecting 16% of these patients.ConclusionsChronic physical conditions are highly prevalent among patients with delusional disorder. Comorbid physical conditions may have an important impact on the course of delusional disorder. A correct diagnosis and treatment of this comorbidity should be made to help improve the prognosis and life quality of these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Meditative Practice Cultivates Mindfulness and Reduces Anxiety, Depression, Blood Pressure, and Heart Rate in a Diverse Sample

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taunjah P. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

Meditative practices have been used as adjunct interventions for mental disorders and medical conditions. Although these innovative techniques have been the focus of much research, few studies have investigated the impact of mindfulness meditation on psychological and physiological variables in a diverse sample that may be at risk of developing stress-related medical conditions that can be linked to anxiety-inducing mental disorders. Our aim was to examine the effects of mindfulness meditation, eyes-closed relaxation, and silence on nonjudgmental awareness, anxiety, depression, blood pressure (BP; commonly defined as the pressure or force of blood against the inner walls of blood vessels as blood flows through the circulatory system and usually is measured in millimeters of mercury, or mmHg), and heart rate (HR; commonly defined as the speed of the heartbeat and is typically measured in beats per minute) in African Americans. Meditation significantly increased awareness and decreased anxiety, depression, BP, and HR in participants who practiced 30 min per day four times per week for 12 weeks. Eyes-closed relaxation noticeably reduced anxiety, BP, and HR but had no effect on awareness and depression as indicated by the measures used in this study. Results of the data collected from individuals in the group exposed to silence for 30 min per day four times per week for 12 weeks were not significant. Present findings provided evidence to support the beneficial effects of mindfulness meditation and suggested that this practice may serve as an inexpensive, nonpharmacological way of positively impacting the psychological and physical health of university students and urban residents who might be at risk of experiencing anxiety, depression, an inability to focus or pay attention, or even major stress-related illnesses because of the demands of school and quality of life.

Psychiatric Presentations Due to Medical Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvinder Singh ◽  
Nery Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Addison’S Disease ◽  
Wilson's Disease ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Addison's Disease ◽  
Medical Conditions

This chapter will mental disorders associated with medical conditions including hyperthyroidsm, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, Cushing’s disease, Addison’s disease, Wilson’s disease and COPD among others

scholarly journals O7.3. EXPLORING COMORBIDITY BETWEEN MENTAL DISORDERS AND GENERAL MEDICAL CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S17-S17
Author(s):  
Natalie Momen ◽  
Oleguer Plana Ripoll ◽  
Anders Prior ◽  
John McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hazard Ratios

Abstract Background A large body of evidence shows that comorbidity is pervasive among individuals being treated for mental disorders, including schizophrenia. Those with mental disorders have been found to have higher rates of comorbidity and associated mortality due to a range of general medical conditions. However much of the evidence relies on surveys, cross-sectional studies and retrospectively collected data. Methods Using the Danish registers, we identified those born in Denmark (1900–2015) and who resided there during the study period (2000–2016). Information was obtained on ten groups of mental disorders (MDs), including “Schizophrenia spectrum disorders” (corresponding to ICD-10 F20-F29 codes). We compared the rate of diagnosis with nine general medical conditions (GMC) categories between those exposed and unexposed to each MD. Overall and lagged hazard ratios, with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Absolute risks were estimated by competing risks survival analyses. Results The cohort followed 5.9 million individuals for 83.9 million person years. For the majority of prior MD-later GMC pairs, receiving a MD diagnosis increased the risk of subsequent GMC diagnosis; however, there were some exceptions. Focusing on those diagnosed with schizophrenia, elevated rates of diagnosis were observed for circulatory, endocrine, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, urogenital and hematological GMCs, and cancers. Various patterns were seen for lagged HRs. Results for schizophrenia generally showed hazard ratios for GMC diagnoses were most elevated the first couple of years after schizophrenia diagnosis. Cumulative incidence proportions for each GMC category 15 years after diagnosis with schizophrenia varied between 3.4% (for urogenital GMCs, 95% CI 3.2, 3.6) and 34.0% (for circulatory GMCs, 95% CI 33.51, 34.57). Discussion This study provides a comprehensive picture of GMC comorbidity among those with diagnosed with MDs in Denmark. It is the first study, to our knowledge, to provide both relative and absolute measures of the risk of such comorbidity. We hope that our findings related to specific MD-GMC comorbidity pairs will stimulate future research to explore mechanisms of action underlying of the observed associations. The provision of absolute risk estimates may aid in identifying those at greater need of primary prevention of GMC comorbidity. As MDs typically have a younger age of onset than many GMCs, natural critical windows exist for the reduction of secondary comorbidity.

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