Head/Neck Kinematic Response of Human Subjects in Low-Speed Rear-End Collisions

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter P. Siegmund ◽  
David J. King ◽  
Jonathan M. Lawrence ◽  
Jeffrey B. Wheeler ◽  
John R. Brault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Head Neck

Effect of Head-Neck Position on Cervical Facet Stretch of Post Mortem Human Subjects during Low Speed Rear End Impacts

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srini Sundararajan ◽  
Priya Prasad ◽  
Constantine K. Demetropoulos ◽  
Scott Tashman ◽  
Paul C. Begeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Neck Position ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Cervical Facet ◽  
Head Neck

Investigation of Upper Body and Cervical Spine Kinematics of Post Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS) during Low-Speed, Rear-End Impacts

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. White ◽  
Paul C. Begeman ◽  
Warren N. Hardy ◽  
King H. Yang ◽  
Koshiro Ono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Spine Kinematics

The influence of head restraint and occupant factors on peak head/neck kinematics in low-speed rear-end collisions

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter P. Siegmund ◽  
Bradley E. Heinrichs ◽  
Jeffrey B. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Low Speed ◽  
Head Restraint ◽  
Head Neck

A numerical study of the effect of axial acceleration on the responses of the cervical spine during low-speed rear-end impact

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (7) ◽  
pp. 1167-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Hang Zhang ◽  
Soon Huat Tan ◽  
Ee Chan Teo
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Cadaveric Specimen ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Motion Segment ◽  
Axial Acceleration ◽  
Actual Geometry ◽  
Head Neck

A detailed, three-dimensional, head—neck (vertebral segments C0 to C7) finite element model — developed and validated previously on the basis of the actual geometry of a cadaveric specimen — was used to evaluate the effect of cranial acceleration on the response of the cervical spine during low-speed, rear-end impact. Analyses were carried out to compare the predicted overall and segmental rotations, peak disc stresses, and capsular ligament strains of each motion segment during whiplash with or without cranial acceleration applied on the C7 inferior surface. The results show that, in the first 150 ms, the variation curves of predicted segmental rotational angles, disc stresses, and capsular strains for each motion segment overlapped well under the two conditions. However, after 150 ms, the capsular strains of C2 to C6 without cranial acceleration applied on C7 were all obviously lower than those with cranial acceleration applied, but the segmental rotational angles and disc stresses remain unaffected. It was implied that, although without cranial acceleration applied on C7, the relatively simple head—neck model could be used to reflect effectively the biomechanical response of the cervical spine during the initial stage (i.e. 150 ms) under low-speed, rear-end impact as well as the whole-human-body dummy model.

scholarly journals The Influence of Neck Muscle Activation on Head and Neck Injuries of Occupants in Frontal Impacts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Li ◽  
Ronggui Lu ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Honggeng Li ◽  
Shiping Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Neck Injuries ◽  
Frontal Impact ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Head Neck

The aim of the present paper was to study the influence of neck muscle activation on head and neck injuries of vehicle occupants in frontal impacts. A mixed dummy-human finite element model was developed to simulate a frontal impact. The head-neck part of a Hybrid III dummy model was replaced by a well-validated head-neck FE model with passive and active muscle characteristics. The mixed dummy-human FE model was validated by 15 G frontal volunteer tests conducted in the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory. The effects of neck muscle activation on the head dynamic responses and neck injuries of occupants in three frontal impact intensities, low speed (10 km/h), medium speed (30 km/h), and high speed (50 km/h), were studied. The results showed that the mixed dummy-human FE model has good biofidelity. The activation of neck muscles can not only lower the head resultant acceleration under different impact intensities and the head angular acceleration in medium- and high-speed impacts, thereby reducing the risks of head injury, but also protect the neck from injury in low-speed impacts.

Simulating Occupant Response to Low Speed, Automotive Rear-End Collisions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Kames ◽  
David Thiess ◽  
Paul Kepinski ◽  
Ryan Zaremba ◽  
Beshoy Morkos
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Spine Length ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Ansys Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crash Tests ◽  
Head Neck

This paper outlines the modeling and analysis of an occupant’s response to a low speed, in-line, rear end collision. The response of the occupant was modeled using two methods; MATLAB was used to model the equations of motion of the occupant’s head, neck and spine and ANSYS Workbench was used to perform a structural analysis of the occupant’s spine and head. The occupant was assumed to be an average sized male, with a spine length of about 30”. The occupant was also assumed to be unaware of the impact, therefore not bracing themselves against the impact. Both of the vehicles were assumed to be 2000 kg. The leading (target) vehicle is stopped producing a velocity of 0 km/h, and the trailing (bullet) vehicle is going 16.1 km/h (10mph) producing an acceleration on impact of 22.35 m/s2. Both the MATLAB model and ANSYS model assumed that the occupant was not wearing a seat belt. The ANSYS simulation produced an acceleration of the head of 9.40 g’s, while the MATLAB model produced 5.10 g’s of acceleration at the head. These values were compared to literature of experimental crash tests. The results obtained from the two models were compared to one another as well as literature values from multiple sources to validate the results obtained. This report will outline the formulation of the two models, the results obtained from the two models, a comparison between the models, and a comparison to literature results for experimental test data.

Human Head-Neck Response During Low-Speed Rear End Impacts

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van den Kroonenberg ◽  
M. Philippens ◽  
H. Cappon ◽  
J. Wismans ◽  
W. Hell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Head ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Head Neck
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