scholarly journals The Influence of Neck Muscle Activation on Head and Neck Injuries of Occupants in Frontal Impacts

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Li ◽  
Ronggui Lu ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Honggeng Li ◽  
Shiping Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Neck Injuries ◽  
Frontal Impact ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Head Neck

The aim of the present paper was to study the influence of neck muscle activation on head and neck injuries of vehicle occupants in frontal impacts. A mixed dummy-human finite element model was developed to simulate a frontal impact. The head-neck part of a Hybrid III dummy model was replaced by a well-validated head-neck FE model with passive and active muscle characteristics. The mixed dummy-human FE model was validated by 15 G frontal volunteer tests conducted in the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory. The effects of neck muscle activation on the head dynamic responses and neck injuries of occupants in three frontal impact intensities, low speed (10 km/h), medium speed (30 km/h), and high speed (50 km/h), were studied. The results showed that the mixed dummy-human FE model has good biofidelity. The activation of neck muscles can not only lower the head resultant acceleration under different impact intensities and the head angular acceleration in medium- and high-speed impacts, thereby reducing the risks of head injury, but also protect the neck from injury in low-speed impacts.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Neck Muscle Active Force on Whiplash Injury of the Cervical Spine

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yan ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Fan Li ◽  
Lin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Whiplash Injury ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Injury Mechanism ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Active Force ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Head Neck

The objective of the present study is to investigate the influence of neck muscle activation on whiplash neck injury of the occupants of a passenger vehicle under different severities of frontal and rear-end impact collisions. The finite element (FE) model has been used as a versatile tool to simulate and understand the whiplash injury mechanism for occupant injury prevention. However, whiplash injuries and injury mechanisms have rarely been investigated in connection with neck active muscle forces, which restricts the complete reappearance and understanding of the injury mechanism. In this manuscript, a mixed FE human model in a sitting posture with an active head-neck was developed. The response of the cervical spine under frontal and rear-end collision conditions was then studied using the FE model with and without neck muscle activation. The effect of the neck muscle activation on the whiplash injury was studied based on the results of the FE simulations. The results indicated that the neck active force influenced the head-neck dynamic response and whiplash injury during a collision, especially in a low-speed collision.

Further Validation of the Ford Human Body FE Model and Use of the Model to Investigate the Effects of Shoulder Belt Force Limiting of 3-Point and 4-Point Restraints in Frontal Impact

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed E. El-Jawahri ◽  
Jesse S. Ruan ◽  
Stephen W. Rouhana ◽  
Saeed D. Barbat ◽  
Priya Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Ford Motor Company ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Point System ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Frontal Impact ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Vehicle Structure ◽  
Impact Simulations ◽  
The Impact

Ford Motor Company human body FE model was validated against 3-point & 4-point belted PMHS tests in frontal impact and PMHS knee impact. The chest deflection, chest acceleration, and belt force in frontal impact simulations were compared with the PMHS test data, while the impact force, femur acceleration, pelvis acceleration, and sacrum acceleration of the knee impact simulations were compared with the respective corridors from PMHS tests. The model used represents a 50th percentile adult male. It was used to study the effects of shoulder belt force limit on 3-point and 4-point restrained occupants in frontal impacts without airbags. A 25 g pulse and a shoulder belt load limit of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 kN were used for the 3-point and 4-point restraint systems with a rigid steering wheel, front header, and windshield of a stiffer larger vehicle structure. The results showed that the head acceleration and the chest deflection of the 4-point belt system are less than the respective cases of the 3-point system while the chest acceleration levels were about the same in 3-point and 4-point belt. The mid-shaft femur forces were always higher in the 4-point belt than those of the 3-point belt.

Head and Neck Response of an Active Human Body Model and Finite Element Anthropometric Test Device During a Linear Impactor Helmet Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Bruneau ◽  
Duane S. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Neck Stiffness ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Primary Impact

Abstract It has been proposed that neck muscle activation may play a role in head response resulting from impacts in American Football. The importance of neck stiffness and active musculature in the standard linear impactor helmet test was assessed using a detailed head and neck finite element (FE) model from a current human body model (HBM) compared to a validated hybrid III head and neck FE model. The models were assessed for bare-head and helmeted impacts at three speeds (5.5, 7.4, and 9.3 m/s) and three impact orientations. The HBM head and neck was assessed without muscle activation and with a high level of muscle activation representing a braced condition. The HBM and hybrid III had an average cross-correlation rating of 0.89 for acceleration in the primary impact direction, indicating excellent correspondence regardless of muscle activation. Differences were identified in the axial head acceleration, attributed to axial neck stiffness (correlation rating of 0.45), but these differences did not have a large effect on the overall head response using existing head response metrics (head injury criteria, brain injury criteria, and head impact power). Although responses that develop over longer durations following the impact differed slightly, such as the moment at the base of the neck, this occurred later in time, and therefore, did not considerably affect the short-term head kinematics in the primary impact direction. Though muscle activation did not play a strong role in the head response for the test configurations considered, muscle activation may play a role in longer duration events.

Investigation of Anteroposterior Head-Neck Responses during Severe Frontal Impacts Using a Brain-Spinal Cord Complex FE Model

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Kimpara ◽  
Yuko Nakahira ◽  
Masami Iwamoto ◽  
Kazuo Miki ◽  
Kazuhiko Ichihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Head Neck

scholarly journals Tackler’s head position relative to the ball carrier is highly correlated with head and neck injuries in rugby

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Sobue ◽  
Takayuki Kawasaki ◽  
Yoshinori Hasegawa ◽  
Yuki Shiota ◽  
Chihiro Ota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Neck Injuries ◽  
Contact Phase ◽  
Head Positioning ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Nasal Fractures ◽  
Head Neck

ObjectivesTo characterise the tackler’s head position during one-on-one tackling in rugby and to determine the incidence of head, neck and shoulder injuries through analysis of game videos, injury records and a questionnaire completed by the tacklers themselves.MethodsWe randomly selected 28 game videos featuring two university teams in competitions held in 2015 and 2016. Tackles were categorised according to tackler’s head position. The ‘pre-contact phase’ was defined; its duration and the number of steps taken by the ball carrier prior to a tackle were evaluated.ResultsIn total, 3970 tackles, including 317 (8.0%) with the tackler’s head incorrectly positioned (ie, in front of the ball carrier) were examined. Thirty-two head, neck or shoulder injuries occurred for an injury incidence of 0.8% (32/3970). The incidence of injury in tackles with incorrect head positioning was 69.4/1000 tackles; the injury incidence with correct head positioning (ie, behind or to one side of the ball carrier) was 2.7/1000 tackles. Concussions, neck injuries, ‘stingers’ and nasal fractures occurred significantly more often during tackles with incorrect head positioning than during tackles with correct head positioning. Significantly fewer steps were taken before tackles with incorrect head positioning that resulted in injury than before tackles that did not result in injury.ConclusionTackling with incorrect head position relative to the ball carrier resulted in a significantly higher incidence of concussions, neck injuries, stingers and nasal fractures than tackling with correct head position. Tackles with shorter duration and distance before contact resulted in more injuries.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF NECK MUSCLE ELECTROMYOGRAPHY ACTIVITY IN RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL FORCE BETWEEN STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADING

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 1850034
Author(s):  
D. W. KAK ◽  
A. R. ANITA ◽  
N. M. NIZLAN ◽  
I. NORMALA ◽  
N. A. ABDUL JALIL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Static Loading ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Neck Muscles ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crash ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Activation Level ◽  
Static And Dynamic Loading ◽  
Head Neck

Understanding the behavior of neck muscles is essential to accurately simulate the human head-neck segment movement especially for low-speed motor vehicle crash situation. Some head-neck mathematical models were designed using neck muscle activation behavior in isometric contraction (static loading) as the properties of neck muscle activation. However, neck muscle activation pattern and strength capability may vary between static and dynamic loading. This study aimed to determine the differences between neck muscle activation level under static and dynamic loading. A neck strength test involving 22 human volunteers was conducted with two different tasks in extension and flexion direction with three different loads. The neck muscle activation level is determined through measuring the electromyography (EMG) responses of selected flexor and extensor muscles using surface bilateral electrode and recorded. The findings showed that neck muscle activation level was significantly greater in dynamic loading than static loading ([Formula: see text]). These implied that more efforts from neck muscles were required to resist against dynamic loading than static loading. Nonetheless, the differences in EMG activities between these two loading conditions progressively decreased when more loads were applied. This study has established an empirical model to describe the relationship between neck muscle activation level and force output for both loading condition in flexion and extension.

Investigation of pediatric neck response and muscle activation in low-speed frontal impacts

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 1680-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Dong ◽  
Haojie Mao ◽  
Guangyao Li ◽  
King H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Frontal Impacts

SIMULATION OF MUSCLE ACTIVATION WITH COUPLED NONLINEAR FE MODELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650082 ◽  
Author(s):  
FAN LI ◽  
HONGGENG LI ◽  
WEI HU ◽  
SICHENG SU ◽  
BINGYU WANG
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Computational Stability ◽  
Muscle System ◽  
Geometry Model ◽  
Muscle Models ◽  
Head Neck

Muscle activation plays an important role in head–neck dynamic response in vehicle accidents, especially in low speed impacts. The aim of the present study was to analyze the mechanical characteristics and dynamic stability of the muscle using coupled non-linear finite element model, which could be further applied for biomechanical study of head–neck system in car crash accidents. A rabbit tibialis anterior (TA) geometry model was developed. Two finite element models of TA were developed with coupled constitutive models. One coupled model was developed combining quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV) elements and Hill type elements, and the other was developed combining hyperelastic rubber elements and Hill type elements, representing the passive behavior and active behavior, respectively. The models were validated via eccentric contractions tests under different strain rates published by Myers et al. Isometric Contraction and axial compression were also simulated via both models to evaluate the computational stability. The results showed that the coupled constitutive muscle models had a good biofidelity for the simulation of muscle activation. Both muscle models can fulfill the requirement of neck muscle system modeling for biomechanical study.

Development of a human head and neck muscle activation control model based on BPNN

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 1161-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Huang ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Xiaoyan Peng ◽  
Lin Hu ◽  
Jikuang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Model Based
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