Cervical Injury Mechanism Based on the Analysis of Human Cervical Vertebral Motion and Head-Neck-Torso Kinematics During Low Speed Rear Impacts

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koshiro Ono ◽  
Koji Kaneoka ◽  
Adam Wittek ◽  
Janusz Kajzer
Keyword(s):  
Injury Mechanism ◽  
Cervical Injury ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Head Neck

Head/Neck Kinematic Response of Human Subjects in Low-Speed Rear-End Collisions

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunter P. Siegmund ◽  
David J. King ◽  
Jonathan M. Lawrence ◽  
Jeffrey B. Wheeler ◽  
John R. Brault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Head Neck

418 Effects of head-neck kinematics on brain injury during car rear impacts

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014.63 (0) ◽  
pp. _418-1_-_418-2_
Author(s):  
Yuta ISHIKAWA ◽  
Satoko HIRABAYASHI ◽  
Eiichi TANAKA ◽  
Kohei MURASE ◽  
Masami IWAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Head Neck

Influence of seat characteristics on occupant motion in low-speed rear impacts

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoichi Watanabe ◽  
Hideaki Ichikawa ◽  
Osamu Kayama ◽  
Koshiro Ono ◽  
Koji Kaneoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Speed ◽  
Rear Impacts

scholarly journals Design and Evaluation of the Initial 50th Percentile Female Prototype Rear Impact Dummy, BioRID P50F – Indications for the Need of an Additional Dummy Size

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Carlsson ◽  
Johan Davidsson ◽  
Astrid Linder ◽  
Mats Y. Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Angular Displacement ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Head Restraint ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Rear Impact ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Crash Test Dummy ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Head Neck

The objective of this study was to present the design of a prototype rear impact crash test dummy, representing a 50th percentile female, and compare its performance to volunteer response data. The intention was to develop a first crude prototype as a first step toward a future biofidelic 50th percentile female rear impact dummy. The current rear impact crash test dummy, BioRID II, represents a 50th percentile male, which may limit the assessment and development of whiplash protection systems with regard to female occupants. Introduction of this new dummy size will facilitate evaluation of seat and head restraint (HR) responses in both the average sized female and male in rear impacts. A 50th percentile female rear impact prototype dummy, the BioRID P50F, was developed from modified body segments originating from the BioRID II. The mass and rough dimensions of the BioRID P50F is representative of a 50th percentile female. The prototype dummy was evaluated against low severity rear impact sled tests comprising six female volunteers closely resembling a 50th percentile female with regard to stature and mass. The head/neck response of the BioRID P50F prototype resembled the female volunteer response corridors. The stiffness of the thoracic and lumbar spinal joints remained the same as the average sized male BioRID II, and therefore likely stiffer than joints of an average female. Consequently, the peak rearward angular displacement of the head and T1, and the rearward displacement of the T1, were lesser for the BioRID P50F in comparison to the female volunteers. The biofidelity of the BioRID P50F prototype thus has some limitations. Based on a seat response comparison between the BioRID P50F and the BioRID II, it can be concluded that the male BioRID II is an insufficient representation of the average female in the assessment of the dynamic seat response and effectiveness of whiplash protection systems.

Neck Muscle and Head/Neck Kinematic Responses While Bracing Against the Steering Wheel During Front and Rear Impacts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason B. Fice ◽  
Daniel W. H. Mang ◽  
Jóna M. Ólafsdóttir ◽  
Karin Brolin ◽  
Peter A. Cripton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Head Neck

An Examination of Isolated and Interaction-Based Biomechanical Metrics for Potential Lower Neck Injury Criteria

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajal Chirvi ◽  
Frank A. Pintar ◽  
Narayan Yoganandan
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Time History ◽  
Injury Mechanism ◽  
Neck Injury ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Lower Neck ◽  
Injury Probability ◽  
Head Neck

Lower neck injuries inferior to C4 level, such as fractures and dislocations, occur in motor vehicle crashes, sports, and military events. The recently developed interaction criterion, termed Nij, has been used in automotive safety standards and is applicable to the upper neck. Such criterion does not exist for the lower neck. This study was designed to conduct an analysis of data of lower neck injury metrics toward the development of a mechanistically appropriate injury criterion. Axial loads were applied to the crown of the head of post mortem human subject (PMHS) head-neck complexes at different loading rates. The generalized force histories at the inferior end of the head-neck complex were recorded using a load cell and were transformed to the cervical-thoracic joint. Peak force and peak moment (flexion or extension) were quantified for each test from corresponding time histories. Initially, a survival analysis approach was used to derive injury probability curves based on peak force and peak moment alone. Both force and moment were considered as primary variables and age a covariate in the survival analysis. Age was found to be a significant (p<0.05) covariate for the compressive force and flexion moment but insignificant for extension moment (p>0.05). A lower neck Nij formulation was done to derive a combined interactive metric. To derive cadaver-based metrics, critical intercepts were obtained from the 90% injury probability point on peak force and peak moment curves. The PMHS-based critical intercepts derived from this study for compressive force, flexion, and extension moment were 4471 N, 218 Nm, and 120 Nm respectively. The lower cervical spine injury criterion, Lower Nij (LNij), was evaluated in two different formulations: peak LNij and mechanistic peak LNij. Peak LNij was obtained from the LNij time history regardless of when it occurred. Mechanistic peak LNij was obtained from the LNij time history only during the time when the resulting injury mechanism occurred. Injury mechanism categorization included compression-flexion, compression-extension, and those best represented by a more pure compression-related classification. Mechanistic peak LNij was identified based on the peak timing of the injury mechanism. Peak LNij and mechanistic peak LNij were found to be significant (p<0.05) predictors of injury with age as a covariate. The 50% injury probability was 1.38 and 1.13 for peak LNij and mechanistic peak LNij, respectively. These results provide preliminary data based on PMHS tests for establishing lower neck injury criteria that may be used in automotive applications, sports and military research to advance safety systems.

Biomechanics of human head-neck in rear impacts

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan Yoganandan ◽  
Frank A. Pintar
Keyword(s):  
Human Head ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Head Neck
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