Simulating Occupant Response to Low Speed, Automotive Rear-End Collisions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Kames ◽  
David Thiess ◽  
Paul Kepinski ◽  
Ryan Zaremba ◽  
Beshoy Morkos
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Spine Length ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Ansys Simulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crash Tests ◽  
Head Neck

This paper outlines the modeling and analysis of an occupant’s response to a low speed, in-line, rear end collision. The response of the occupant was modeled using two methods; MATLAB was used to model the equations of motion of the occupant’s head, neck and spine and ANSYS Workbench was used to perform a structural analysis of the occupant’s spine and head. The occupant was assumed to be an average sized male, with a spine length of about 30”. The occupant was also assumed to be unaware of the impact, therefore not bracing themselves against the impact. Both of the vehicles were assumed to be 2000 kg. The leading (target) vehicle is stopped producing a velocity of 0 km/h, and the trailing (bullet) vehicle is going 16.1 km/h (10mph) producing an acceleration on impact of 22.35 m/s2. Both the MATLAB model and ANSYS model assumed that the occupant was not wearing a seat belt. The ANSYS simulation produced an acceleration of the head of 9.40 g’s, while the MATLAB model produced 5.10 g’s of acceleration at the head. These values were compared to literature of experimental crash tests. The results obtained from the two models were compared to one another as well as literature values from multiple sources to validate the results obtained. This report will outline the formulation of the two models, the results obtained from the two models, a comparison between the models, and a comparison to literature results for experimental test data.

scholarly journals The Impact of Big Data on Electronic Commerce in Profit Organisations in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Bader A. Alyoubi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The Impact

Big Data is gaining rapid popularity in e-commerce sector across the globe. There is a general consensus among experts that Saudi organisations are late in adopting new technologies. It is generally believed that the lack of research in latest technologies that are specific to Saudi Arabia that is culturally, socially, and economically different from the West, is one of the key factors for the delay in technology adoption in Saudi Arabia. Hence, to fill this gap to a certain extent and create awareness about Big Data technology, the primary goal of this research was to identify the impact of Big Data on e-commerce organisations in Saudi Arabia. Internet has changed the business environment of Saudi Arabia too. E-commerce is set for achieving new heights due to latest technological advancements. A qualitative research approach was used by conducting interviews with highly experienced professional to gather primary data. Using multiple sources of evidence, this research found out that traditional databases are not capable of handling massive data. Big Data is a promising technology that can be adopted by e-commerce companies in Saudi Arabia. Big Data’s predictive analytics will certainly help e-commerce companies to gain better insight of the consumer behaviour and thus offer customised products and services. The key finding of this research is that Big Data has a significant impact in e-commerce organisations in Saudi Arabia on various verticals like customer retention, inventory management, product customisation, and fraud detection.

An Analysis of The Impact of Short-Term Vacation Rentals on the Hotel Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802110191
Author(s):  
Jungtae Soh ◽  
Kwanglim Seo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Price Difference ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hotel Performance ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Much scholarly attention has been paid to Airbnb’s influence on the hotel industry. However, extant studies have limitations because they consider only Airbnb while overlooking various other short-term vacation rental players that can also affect performance of hotels. To address this research gap, this study aims to provide a broader understanding of the impacts of short-term vacation rentals by analyzing data obtained from various vacation rental platforms. This study shows that while increase in short-term vacation rentals has an overall negative effect on hotel performance, the economic effect is more significant in the low-end market than in the high-end market. Our findings further reveal that the negative effect is reduced when there is a large price difference between short-term vacation rentals and hotels. By comprehensively examining multiple sources of data on hotels and vacation rentals, this study brings alternative perspectives to the attention of researchers for further investigation of vacation rentals.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic Power Forecasting: Assessment of the Impact of Multiple Sources of Spatio-Temporal Data on Forecast Accuracy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Xwégnon Ghislain Agoua ◽  
Robin Girard ◽  
Georges Kariniotakis
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Forecasting Error ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

The efficient integration of photovoltaic (PV) production in energy systems is conditioned by the capacity to anticipate its variability, that is, the capacity to provide accurate forecasts. From the classical forecasting methods in the state of the art dealing with a single power plant, the focus has moved in recent years to spatio-temporal approaches, where geographically dispersed data are used as input to improve forecasts of a site for the horizons up to 6 h ahead. These spatio-temporal approaches provide different performances according to the data sources available but the question of the impact of each source on the actual forecasting performance is still not evaluated. In this paper, we propose a flexible spatio-temporal model to generate PV production forecasts for horizons up to 6 h ahead and we use this model to evaluate the effect of different spatial and temporal data sources on the accuracy of the forecasts. The sources considered are measurements from neighboring PV plants, local meteorological stations, Numerical Weather Predictions, and satellite images. The evaluation of the performance is carried out using a real-world test case featuring a high number of 136 PV plants. The forecasting error has been evaluated for each data source using the Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Square Error. The results show that neighboring PV plants help to achieve around 10% reduction in forecasting error for the first three hours, followed by satellite images which help to gain an additional 3% all over the horizons up to 6 h ahead. The NWP data show no improvement for horizons up to 6 h but is essential for greater horizons.

Measuring the Impact of Engine Oils and Fuels on Low-Speed Pre-Ignition in Downsized Engines

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orian Welling ◽  
James Moss ◽  
John Williams ◽  
Nick Collings
Keyword(s):  
Low Speed ◽  
Engine Oils ◽  
The Impact

Numerical Investigation of the Solidity Effect on Linear Compressor Cascades

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sans ◽  
M. Resmini ◽  
J.-F. Brouckaert ◽  
S. Hiernaux
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Compressor Cascade ◽  
Minimum Loss ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
High Mach ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Solidity in compressors is defined as the ratio of the aerodynamic chord over the peripheral distance between two adjacent blades, the pitch. This parameter is simply the inverse of the pitch-to-chord ratio generally used in turbines. Solidity must be selected at the earliest design phase, i.e. at the level of the meridional design and represents a crucial step in the whole design process. Most of the existing studies on this topic rely on low-speed compressor cascade correlations from Carter or Lieblein. The aim of this work is to update those correlations for state-of-the-art controlled diffusion blades, and extend their application to high Mach number flow regimes more typical of modern compressors. Another objective is also to improve the physical understanding of the solidity effect on compressor performance and stability. A numerical investigation has been performed using the commercial software FINE/Turbo. Two different blade profiles were selected and investigated in the compressible flow regime as an extension to the low-speed data on which the correlations are based. The first cascade uses a standard double circular arc profile, extensively referenced in the literature, while the second configuration uses a state-of-the-art CDB, representative of low pressure compressor stator mid-span profile. Both profiles have been designed with the same inlet and outlet metal angles and the same maximum thickness but the camber and thickness distributions, the stagger angle and the leading edge geometry of the CDB have been optimized. The determination of minimum loss, optimum incidence and deviation is addressed and compared with existing correlations for both configurations and various Mach numbers that have been selected in order to match typical booster stall and choke operating conditions. The emphasis is set on the minimum loss performance at mid-span. The impact of the solidity on the operating range and the stability of the cascade are also studied.

Grinding Force Model for Low-Speed Grinding Based on Impact Principle

2013 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Ming He Liu ◽  
Xiu Ming Zhang ◽  
Shi Chao Xiu
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Grinding Force ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
Force Mechanism ◽  
The Impact

In the low-speed grinding process, the force generated when the wheel grinding the workpiece is the result of sliding friction, plough and cutting. While in the actual study, the cutting process has attracted extensive attention. Impact effect to the entire grinding process on the contact is ignored so that the error exists between the calculation grinding force and the measured grinding force. Basing on the shock effect to the grinding process, the paper divides the contact area into impact area and cutting area. And the model of impact load generated from single grit is built. Moreover, the grinding force theoretical calculation model and total grinding force mathematical model is also constructed by analyzing the impact load affecting on the grinding force mechanism. Finally experimental study verifies the correctness of theoretical analysis.

The impact of functional interdependencies of computer simulations on collaborative learning: Evidence from multiple sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen‐Chung Liu ◽  
Tsun‐Wei Lin ◽  
Chia‐Hui Cheng ◽  
Cai‐Ting Wen ◽  
Ming‐Hua Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Learning ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The Impact

Free vibration analysis and post-critical free vibrations of nanocomposite rotating beams reinforced with graphene platelet

2021 ◽  
pp. 107754632110511
Author(s):  
Arameh Eyvazian ◽  
Chunwei Zhang ◽  
Farayi Musharavati ◽  
Afrasyab Khan ◽  
Mohammad Alkhedher
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Rotational Velocity ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Free Vibration Analysis ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Free Vibrations ◽  
Graphene Platelet ◽  
The Impact

Treatment of the first natural frequency of a rotating nanocomposite beam reinforced with graphene platelet is discussed here. In regard of the Timoshenko beam theory hypothesis, the motion equations are acquired. The effective elasticity modulus of the rotating nanocomposite beam is specified resorting to the Halpin–Tsai micro mechanical model. The Ritz technique is utilized for the sake of discretization of the nonlinear equations of motion. The first natural frequency of the rotating nanocomposite beam prior to the buckling instability and the associated post-critical natural frequency is computed by means of a powerful iteration scheme in reliance on the Newton–Raphson method alongside the iteration strategy. The impact of adding the graphene platelet to a rotating isotropic beam in thermal ambient is discussed in detail. The impression of support conditions, and the weight fraction and the dispersion type of the graphene platelet on the acquired outcomes are studied. It is elucidated that when a beam has not undergone a temperature increment, by reinforcing the beam with graphene platelet, the natural frequency is enhanced. However, when the beam is in a thermal environment, at low-to-medium range of rotational velocity, adding the graphene platelet diminishes the first natural frequency of a rotating O-GPL nanocomposite beam. Depending on the temperature, the post-critical natural frequency of a rotating X-GPL nanocomposite beam may be enhanced or reduced by the growth of the graphene platelet weight fraction.

Numerical modeling and analysis of the noncontacting impulse gas face seals

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (8) ◽  
pp. 1139-1153
Author(s):  
Slawomir Blasiak
Keyword(s):  
Computer Software ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Mechanical Seals ◽  
Face Surface ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
C Language ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Face Seals ◽  
Radial Gap ◽  
The Impact

Noncontacting mechanical seals with various kinds of face surface modifications have established their position in the sealing technique. Over the last few years, a lot of works dedicated to the impact of various surface modifications on the dynamics of working rings have been created. This paper presents model studies regarding relatively unknown noncontacting impulse gas face seals. Here, a mathematical model of impulse gas face seals is developed including the nonlinear Reynolds equation and stator dynamics equations, which were solved simultaneously using numerical methods. An original computer software written in C + + language was developed. A number of numerical tests were conducted and the phenomena occurring in the radial gap during seal operation were analyzed. Final conclusions were drawn and several features were indicated characterizing impulse face seals. It should be emphasized that numerical research on this type of seals has not been published yet. The literature usually presents simplified models for the noncompressible medium, which can be solved with the use of analytical methods.

Powered Two-Wheeler with Integrated Safety Using Recurdyn Multi-Body Dynamics

2014 ◽  
Vol 591 ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vijaya Ramnath ◽  
K. Venkataraman ◽  
Selvaraj Venkatram ◽  
Sohil Thomas ◽  
Muthukumarasamy Maheshwaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Body Dynamics ◽  
Holding Device ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Accident Scenarios ◽  
Safety Considerations ◽  
Two Wheeler ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
The Impact

- Powered Two Wheelers (PTW) are very sensitive to environmental conditions and advancement in two-wheeler safety has not kept pace with the advancement in two-wheelers. The objective of our research is to bring about an improved design for powered two wheelers, analyzing the changes through simulation and thereby improving the safety considerations. According to the databases referred regarding accidents in depth study, it is observed that two-wheelers top the chart in number of accidents by a big margin and these accidents causes more fatal injuries. To save the rider, this paper proposes to constraint the rider along with pillion to the vehicle using “Leg holding device“ and seat belt. Side airbags are employed to absorb the impact of accident. The present safety system saves the rider in frontal collisions, while this research also focuses on side collisions. ISO 13232 standard accident scenarios were followed. For simulation of scenarios multi body dynamics software called RecurDyn is used. The improvement in employing safety measures is compared with its absence and results are plotted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document