scholarly journals Effects of the Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal by Insect or Algae Meal in Chicken Diets with Graded Amino Acid Supply on Parameters of Gut Microbiology and Dietary Protein Quality

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 259-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Velten ◽  
Carmen Neumann ◽  
Jenny Schäfer ◽  
Frank Liebert
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Partial Replacement

scholarly journals Protein quality in experimental diets and amino acid digestibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Casein ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Digestibility of AA in feed ingredients for pigs has been generally determined by feeding semipurified diets containing test ingredients as a sole source of nitrogen. However, malnutrition caused by feeding semi-purified diets may affect the digestibility of AA. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study was that the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) are not affected by the addition of casein in experimental diets. In Exp. 1, 20 growing pigs were allotted to dietary treatments including 2 diets containing either 480 g/kg DDGS or 308 g/kg DDGS and 60 g/kg casein. The SID of Lys and Phe for DDGS in the diet containing casein were greater (P < 0.05) than those without casein. Exp. 2 was conducted with 20 growing pigs assigned to dietary treatments containing 0, 55, 110, or 165 g/kg casein while the concentration of DDGS decreased at 466.8, 311.2, 155.6, or 0 g/kg. The SID of most indispensable AA in DDGS linearly (P < 0.05) decreased with increasing concentration of casein. Experiment 3 was conducted to verify that the results of Exp. 1 were affected by the addition of casein or by the concentration of DDGS or both. Twenty growing pigs were assigned to dietary treatments prepared as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with the concentration of DDGS at 466.8 or 155.6 g/kg and casein at 0 or 110 g/kg. The SID of most indispensable AA in DDGS at 466.8 g/kg were greater (P < 0.01) than in DDGS at 155.6 g/kg regardless of dietary casein. Overall, the addition of 60 g/kg casein to experimental diets may increase the SID of AA in low-protein quality ingredients but the addition of higher concentration of casein and low concentration of dietary protein from test ingredients may decrease the SID of AA.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Dietary Protein Digestibility, Based on DIAAS Scoring, in Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Ciuris ◽  
Heidi M. Lynch ◽  
Christopher Wharton ◽  
Carol S. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Vegetarian Diets

Vegetarian diets provide an abundance of nutrients when carefully planned. However, vegetarian diets may have lower protein quality compared to omnivorous diets, a reflection of less favorable amino acid profiles and bioavailability. Hence, the current recommended dietary allowance for protein may not be adequate for some vegetarian populations. The purpose of this study was to determine dietary protein quality using the DIAAS (Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score) method in vegetarian and omnivore endurance athletes. DIAAS scores reflect the true ileal digestibility of the indispensable amino acids that are present in food items, and these scores can be used to compute the available protein in diet plans. Thirty-eight omnivores and 22 vegetarians submitted seven-day food records that were analyzed for nutrient content, and DIAAS scores were computed by diet group. Average available protein (g) was compared along with participants’ lean body mass and strength (quantified using the peak torque of leg extension). DIAAS scores and available protein were higher for omnivorous versus vegetarian athletes (+11% and +43%, respectively, p < 0.05). Omnivorous participants had significantly higher lean body mass than vegetarian participants (+14%), and significant correlations existed between available protein and strength (r = 0.314) and available protein and lean body mass (r = 0.541). Based upon available protein, as determined through the DIAAS, vegetarian athletes in this study would need to consume, on average, an additional 10 g protein daily to reach the recommended intake for protein (1.2 g/kg/d). An additional 22 g protein daily would be needed to achieve an intake of 1.4 g/kg/d, the upper end of the recommended intake range.

A COMPARISON OF SOYBEAN MEAL AND TOWER RAPESEED MEAL AS SUPPLEMENTS TO CORN IN DIETS OF GROWING-FINISHING AND HEAVY WEIGHT PIGS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. GRANDHI ◽  
R. NARENDRAN ◽  
G. H. BOWMAN ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Heavy Weight ◽  
Daily Gain

Ninety-six Yorkshire barrows and gilts were used in each of two experiments conducted in the spring-summer (exp. 1), and fall-winter (exp. 2) months, respectively, to evaluate 15% Tower rapeseed meal (RSM) as a partial replacement for soybean meal (SBM) on an isonitrogenous basis in corn-based diets for pigs from 23 to 91 kg body weight. At 91 kg, half the number of pigs in each dietary group were slaughtered. Then, three levels of protein (12, 14 and 16%) in both corn-SBM and corn-SBM-RSM diets were fed to the remaining pigs in each group up to a final body weight of 125 kg. The energy level in the RSM diets was not adjusted to equal that in the SBM diets. In the 23- to 91-kg gain period, average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.01) and backfat (P < 0.05) were lower in the RSM-fed pigs compared to SBM-fed pigs only in exp. 2. From 91 to 125 kg body weight, ADG (P < 0.05), feed intake (P < 0.01) and backfat (P < 0.01) were lower for RSM-fed pigs only in exp. 2. The heavy weight pigs fed RSM diets had a lower (P < 0.01) dressing percentage than SBM fed pigs in exp. 1. Reduction of dietary protein from the 16% fed up to 91 kg body weight to either 14 or 12% in the 91- to 125-kg gain period did not affect performance.

Nutritional value of peas (Pisum sativum L.) for broilers: apparent metabolisable energy, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility and production performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Nalle ◽  
V. Ravindran ◽  
G. Ravindran
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of four cultivars (Santana, Miami, Courier and Rex) of peas (Pisum sativum L.) for broilers. In Experiment 1, the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) and the apparent ileal amino acid digestibility of these four cultivars were determined. The cultivar effects were found to be not significant (P > 0.05) for the AME and apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids, with the exception of arginine, which was lower (P < 0.05) in Courier than other cultivars. In Experiment 2, using the energy and digestible amino acid values determined in Experiment 1, diets containing 200 g/kg of the four cultivars of peas were formulated and the effects of feeding these diets on the performance and digestive tract development of broiler starters was investigated. Weight gain, feed intake and feed per gain of broiler starters fed diets containing peas were similar (P > 0.05) to those fed the maize-soybean meal diet. In general, the digestive tract development was unaffected (P > 0.05) by the inclusion of peas. The excreta scores of birds fed diets based on Santana, Miami and Rex were similar (P > 0.05) and that of the Courier-based diet was lower (P < 0.05) than those fed the maize-soy control diet. These results suggest that peas are good sources of metabolisable energy and digestible amino acids, and that they can be included at 200 g/kg level as a partial replacement for soybean meal in broiler starter diets without adverse effects on performance.

scholarly journals Amino acid quality modifies the quantitative availability of protein for reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Ma ◽  
Christen K. Mirth ◽  
Matthew D. Hall ◽  
Matthew D.W. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Physiological Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Length Of Life

AbstractDiet composition, especially the relative abundance of key macronutrients, is well known to affect animal wellbeing by changing reproductive output, metabolism and length of life. However, less attention has been paid to the ways the quality of these nutrients modify these macronutrient interactions. Nutritional Geometry can be used to model the effects of multiple dietary components on life-history traits and to compare these responses when diet quality is varied. Previous studies have shown that dietary protein quality can be increased for egg production in Drosophila melanogaster by matching the dietary amino acid proportions to the balance of amino acids used by the sum of proteins in the fly’s in silico translated exome. Here, we show that dietary protein quality dramatically alters the effect of protein quantity on female reproduction across a broad range of diets varying in both protein and carbohydrate concentrations. These data show that when sources of ingredients vary, their relative value to the consumer can vastly differ and yield very different physiological outcomes. Such variations could be particularly important for meta analyses that look to draw generalisable conclusions from diverse studies.

REPLACEMENT OF SOYBEAN MEAL IN CHICKEN BROILER DIETS BY RAPESEED MEAL AND FISH MEAL COMPLEMENTARY SOURCES OF DIETARY PROTEIN

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. HULAN ◽  
F. G. PROUDFOOT
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Finisher Diets

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of Brassica napus 'Tower' rapeseed meal (Tower RSM) and B. campestris 'Candle' RSM or combinations of Tower RSM and fish meal (FM) or Candle RSM and FM as partial or complete replacement for soybean meal (SM) in chicken broiler starter and finisher diets. Amino acid levels were maintained in diets where SM was replaced by RSM by increasing the level of FM. The results of these experiments indicate that RSM can replace up to 80% of the SM in chicken broiler starter and finisher diets on a straight replacement basis without adversely affecting body weight or feed efficiency. Moreover, RSM can replace all of the SM in such diets without adverse effects on biological performance provided energy, protein and amino acid differences are compensated. The calculated amino acid content of the diets indicate that FM is a complementary source of dietary protein in diets containing high levels of RSM.

Influence of supplemental protein quality on rumen fermentation, rumen microbial yield, forestomach digestion, and intestinal amino acid flow in late lactation Holstein cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Robinson ◽  
D. M. Veira ◽  
M. Ivan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Blood Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Intestinal Delivery ◽  
Additional Protein ◽  
N Metabolism

The quality of dietary protein for dairy cows is generally assessed based upon the proportion of it which is expected to degrade in the rumen (DIP) vs. that which is expected to escape the rumen undegraded (UIP). However characteristics of dietary proteins can impact the nutritional value of the DIP and UIP. Four lactating Holstein cows were fed a low protein (9.8% CP of DM) ration of 28.6% timothy silage, 27.2% whole crop barley silage, and 44.2% grain-based concentrate (DM basis). This was supplemented with 1.3 kg d−1 of ground barley with either no additional protein supplement, 1.11 kg d−1 of soybean meal, 0.67 kg d−1 of blood meal or 0.20 kg d−1 of urea. All cows were judged to have underperformed relative to expectations, with performance limited by supplies of DIP and/or UIP with all diets. Soybean meal supplementation substantially improved animal performance and measured parameters of N metabolism are consistent with a hypothesis that rumen bacterial growth and outflow, rumen escape of intact dietary protein, and the ability of animal metabolic processes to utilize absorbed energy yielding nutrients for productive purposes were all enhanced. Urea and blood meal supplementation both improved animal performance to a similar extent; although to a lesser degree than soybean meal. Measured parameters of N metabolism suggest that urea stimulated rumen bacterial growth and outflow leading to increased intestinal delivery of protein whereas blood meal supplementation enhanced intestinal delivery of protein due to its very high proportional escape from the forestomachs. Key words: Duodenum, amino acids, protein, protozoa, phosphatidylcholine

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document