REPLACEMENT OF SOYBEAN MEAL IN CHICKEN BROILER DIETS BY RAPESEED MEAL AND FISH MEAL COMPLEMENTARY SOURCES OF DIETARY PROTEIN

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. HULAN ◽  
F. G. PROUDFOOT
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Finisher Diets

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of Brassica napus 'Tower' rapeseed meal (Tower RSM) and B. campestris 'Candle' RSM or combinations of Tower RSM and fish meal (FM) or Candle RSM and FM as partial or complete replacement for soybean meal (SM) in chicken broiler starter and finisher diets. Amino acid levels were maintained in diets where SM was replaced by RSM by increasing the level of FM. The results of these experiments indicate that RSM can replace up to 80% of the SM in chicken broiler starter and finisher diets on a straight replacement basis without adversely affecting body weight or feed efficiency. Moreover, RSM can replace all of the SM in such diets without adverse effects on biological performance provided energy, protein and amino acid differences are compensated. The calculated amino acid content of the diets indicate that FM is a complementary source of dietary protein in diets containing high levels of RSM.

scholarly journals The effect of protein- and non-protein-nitrogen supplements to maize silage on total amino acid supply in young cattle

1982 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Cottrill ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
A. R. Austin ◽  
D. F. Osbourn
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial N

1. A total of six diets based on maize silage were formulated to examine the effect of protein- and non-protein-nitrogen, and energy supplementation on the flow of amino acids to the small intestine and the synthesis of microbial amino acids in the rumen of growing cattle. All diets contained 24 g totai nitrogen (N)/kg dry matter (DM), of which 550 g N/kg total N was supplied by either urea or fish meal. Four diets contained low levels of barley (estimated total dietary metabolizable energy content of 10·4 M J/kgDM) and urea-N and fish meal-N were supplied in the ratios 3:1, 1·4:1, 0·6:1 and 0·3:1. The other two diets contained between 300 and 400 g barley/kg total diet (11·3 MJ metabolizable energy/kg DM) and the urea-N to fish meal-N ratios were 3:1 and 0·3:1.2. On the four low-energy diets, fish meal inclusion tended to reduce the extent of organic matter (OM) digestion in the rumen but significantly increased duodenal amino acid supply (P< 0·05) in a quadratic manner. Microbial-N synthesis was increased by the two intermediate levels of fish meal supplementation but declined at the highest level of inclusion. With increasing levels of fish meal inclusion, a greater proportion of the dietary protein was found to escape rumen degradation and the apparent degradabilities of fish meal and maize-silage protein of all four diets were estimated to be 0·22 and 0·73 respectively.3. The substitution of barley for part of the maize silage enhanced duodenal supply of amino acids, irrespective of the form of the N supplement, and stimulated microbial amino acid synthesis. For all diets efficiency of microbial-N synthesis was found to vary between 22·5 and 46 g N/kg rumen-digested OM. Contrary to what was found for low-energy diets, the inclusion of fish meal tended to reduce the flow of dietary protein to the small intestine, but these differences were not statistically significant.4. The results appertaining to microbial synthesis, dietary protein degradabilities and duodenal amino acid flow for all diets are discussed in relation to the Agricultural Research Council (1980) proposals for the protein requirements of ruminants, and the production responses observed when similar diets were fed to growing cattle.

scholarly journals Enzymes and Metabolites of Cysteine Metabolism in Nonhepatic Tissues of Rats Show Little Response to Changes in Dietary Protein or Sulfur Amino Acid Levels

2002 ◽  
Vol 132 (11) ◽  
pp. 3369-3378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha H. Stipanuk ◽  
Monica Londono ◽  
Jeong-In Lee ◽  
Mindy Hu ◽  
Anthony F. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Cysteine Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

scholarly journals Response of Plasma Concentration of Free Amino Acid to Change of Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Levels in Adult Thoroughbreds

2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisao TAKAGI ◽  
Chisato YONEMOCHI ◽  
Yasushi HASHIMOTO ◽  
Akira MATSUI ◽  
Yo ASAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Protein Levels and Haemolymph Composition on the Sensitivity of the Maxillary Palp Chemoreceptors of Locusts

1988 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. ABISGOLD ◽  
S. J. SIMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Maxillary Palp ◽  
Free Amino Acid Content ◽  
Blood Osmolality ◽  
Low Protein

1. Previous work has shown that fifth-instar nymphs of Locusta migratoria (L.) compensate for a dilution of their dietary protein by reducing intermeat interval (Simpson & Abisgold, 1985). 2. The effect of dietary protein on intermeal interval is regulated, either directly or indirectly, by the osmolality and free amino acid content of the haemolymph (Abisgold & Simpson, 1987). 3. The possibility that levels of dietary protein and haemolymph composition affect the response of the maxillary palp gustatory receptors is investigated. 4. Insects fed a low-protein diet had a significantly greater receptor response (measured as the total number of spikes in the first second of stimulation of a sensillum) to stimulation with 0.0125 moll−1 leucine in 0.05 moll−1 NaCl, 0.05 moill−1 NaCl alone or 0.025 moll−1 sucrose in 0.05 moll−1 NaCl than did insects fed a high-protein diet, although for both diets the response to sucrose was significantly lower than the response to the other two solutions. 5. Increasing the free amino acid profile of the haemolymph of a low-protein-fed locust up to that of a high-protein-fed locust by injection markedly reduced the response of the receptors to subsequent stimulation with a 0.0125 moll−1 mix of eight of the 10 amino acids injected, but did not reduce the response to stimulation with 0.025 moll−1 sucrose in 0.05 moll−1 NaCl. This reduction was independent of the effect of injection on blood osmolality and was sustained for 50min after the injection. 6. The response to 0.05 moll−1 NaCl alone was influenced both by increases in blood amino acid levels and by osmolality, but the effect was less marked than the specific reduction in response to amino acid stimulation. 7. The possible significance of a reduction in receptor sensitivity on feeding behaviour and the relative roles of blood osmolality and free amino acid content are discussed. Note: Present address: Overseas Development Natural Resources Institute, College House, Wrights Lane, London VV8 5SJ.

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