Nitrogen availability for corn in soils amended with urea, cattle slurry, and solid and composted manures

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Paul ◽  
E. G. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Corn Grain

This study was conducted to determine whether manure N availability for corn (Zea mays L.) was best estimated by a component of the manure N or by soil inorganic N in May or June. Liquid dairy cattle manure, solid beef cattle manure, and composted beef cattle manure were applied in the spring of 1988, 1989 and 1990 at rates of 100, 200 and 300 kg N ha−1. Urea was applied at rates of 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha−1 for comparison. The N recovery by the harvested portion of the corn (grain + stover) in 1988 and 1990 averaged 49, 18, and 5% of the total N in urea, liquid dairy cattle manure, and solid or composted beef cattle manure, respectively. There was no yield response to any N source in 1989 because of high soil fertility. Relative nitrogen uptake by the corn grain + stover in 1988 and 1990 was significantly correlated with inorganic N applied as manure or fertilizer (r2 = 0.56), but not with total N applied (r2 = 0.02). When the data from all 3 years were analyzed, relative nitrogen uptake was better correlated with soil NH4 + NO3 in mid-May and soil NO3 in early-June (r2 = 0.83 and 0.76, respectively), than with inorganic N applied as manure or fertilizer (r2 = 0.20). A soil N test after manure application in mid-May to early June may be the best N management tool for corn production on livestock farms in Ontario. Key words: Animal manure, fertilizer, corn yields, soil nitrate test, nitrogen availability

Short-term nitrogen dynamics in soil amended with fresh and composted cattle manures

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Paul ◽  
E. G. Beauchamp
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Manure Amendments ◽  
Amended Soil

The amount of available nitrogen in fresh and composted manures is required to adjust inorganic fertilizer applications for crops when using manures and composts. Corn (Zea mays L.) plants were grown for 8 wk at temperatures of 17–27 °C and 12–18 °C in soil amended with two rates of fresh and composted solid beef cattle manure. Apparent N uptake of corn grown in soil amended with fresh solid beef cattle manure, composted beef cattle manure and (NH4)2SO4 at the higher temperature was 2, 8, and 36%, respectively, during this 8-wk period. Nitrogen uptake by corn in fresh solid beef cattle manure-amended soil at low temperature was affected by factors other than N availability. A 12-wk laboratory experiment was performed in which 15NH4+ was added to fresh and composted manure-amended soil to determine the fate of the inorganic N in the manure and to measure N mineralization rates. Net immobilization of inorganic N occurred with all manures; however, after 3 wk, net mineralization occurred with the solid and composted beef cattle manure. Immobilization of 15N continued with all manure amendments as a result of mineralization-immobilization turnover. The amount of unrecovered 15N after 12 wk was 10.5, 2 and 1% of the added 15N in soil amended with solid beef cattle manure, composted beef cattle manure and manure composted with bark, respectively. Key words: Composted manure, nitrogen availability, 15N, immobilization, remineralization, temperature

Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Different Types of Livestock and Poultry Manure During Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1723-1733
Author(s):  
Zhiping Zhu ◽  
Lulu Li ◽  
Hongmin Dong ◽  
Yue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
List Type ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Manure Storage

HighlightsCarbon and nitrogen gas emissions from manure storage were influenced by manure characteristics.The main GHG contributor for dairy cattle, beef cattle, and broiler manure was methane.The main GHG contributor for laying hen manure was nitrous oxide (N2O).N2O emissions of the five types of manure were comparable with the IPCC recommended value.Abstract. Livestock manure management is an important source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from agriculture. Large amounts of manure are produced in China, while little research is available on the gas emission characteristics from different manure sources. The GHG and NH3 emissions from pig manure (PM), dairy cattle manure (DCM), beef cattle manure (BCM), layer manure (LM), and broiler manure (BM) during storage were monitored using the dynamic emission chamber method to compare the differences in gas emission characteristics among the five manure types and elucidate the key factors causing the differences. The results indicated that C and N gas emissions from manure storage were influenced by manure characteristics. The total CO2-eq (without CO2) emissions from PM, DCM, BCM, LM, BM were, respectively, 49.98 ±3.53, 1160.4 ±55.22, 692.16 ±42.98, 61.99 ±1.92, and 72.52 ±3.45 g per kg of dry basis manure during 77-day storage. The main GHG contributor for DCM, BCM, and BM was methane (CH4), accounting for 65% to 94%, and the main GHG contributor for LM was nitrous oxide (N2O). For PM, CH4 and N2O contributed equally to the total emissions. The N2O emissions of the five manure types were 0.002 to 0.013 kg N2O-N kg-1 N and were comparable with the IPCC recommended value. Keywords: Ammonia, Animal manure, Emission, Methane, Nitrous oxide.

Effect of storage conditions on losses and crop utilization of nitrogen from solid cattle manure

2015 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. SHAH ◽  
G. A. SHAH ◽  
J. C. J. GROOT ◽  
O. OENEMA ◽  
A. S. RAZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arable Land ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Flux Chamber ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
C And N

SummaryThe objectives of the present study were to quantify the effects of contrasting methods for storing solid cattle manure on: (i) total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balances during storage, and (ii) crop apparent N recovery (ANR) following manure application to arable land, with maize as a test crop. Portions of 10 t of fresh solid cattle manure were stored for 5 months during 2009/10 in three replicates as: (i) stockpiled heaps, (ii) roofed heaps, (iii) covered heaps and (iv) turned heaps at Wageningen University, the Netherlands. Surface emissions of ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) were measured regularly using a static flux chamber connected to a photo-acoustic gas monitor. Total C and N losses during storage were determined through the mass balance method. After storage, the manures were surface-applied and incorporated into a sandy soil, and maize ANR was measured as a proportion of both N applied to the field (ANRF) and N collected from the barn (ANRB).During the storage period, the average losses of initial total N (Ntotal) were 6% from the covered, 12% from the roofed, 21% from the stockpiled and 33% from the turned heaps. Of the total N losses, 2–9% was lost as NH3-N, 1–4% as N2O-N and 16–32% through leaching. However, the greatest part of the total N loss from the four storage methods was unaccounted for and constituted in all probability of harmless dinitrogen gas. Of the initial C content,c. 13, 14, 17 and 22% was lost from the covered, stockpiled, roofed and turned heaps, respectively. Maize ANRFwas highest from covered (39% of the applied N) followed by roofed (31%), stockpiled (29%) and turned manure (20%). The respective values in case of maize ANRBwere 37, 27, 23 and 13%. It is concluded that from a viewpoint of on-farm N recycling the storage of solid cattle manure under an impermeable plastic cover is much better than traditional stockpiling or turning heaps in the open air.

Nitrogen Uptake of Field-grown Cotton. I. Distribution in Plant Components in Relation to Fertilization and Yield

1983 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Oosterhuis ◽  
J. Chipamaunga ◽  
G. C. Bate
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Plant Components

SUMMARYThree levels of nitrogen (N) were applied to cotton grown in irrigated field trials at two locations in Zimbabwe in 1978. Dry matter (DM) production, total uptake and distribution of N among vegetative and reproductive components, and soil mineral-N contents were recorded about every 14 days. About 60% of total DM was produced, and 40% of total N taken up, between 10 and 16 weeks after sowing. Most N was present in vegetative parts, particularly leaves and branches, during early growth but, later, it accumulated in buds, flowers and bolls. At maturity, seeds and lint contained 42% of total above-ground plant N. N concentrations were similar in sympodial and mainstem leaves, petioles and branches. Inorganic N applied at sowing had little effect on plant N, but when given after 10 weeks it increased the N content of leaves, stems, branches, petioles and bolls.

Growing season nitrogen dynamics in manured soils in south coastal British Columbia: Implications for a soil nitrate test for silage corn

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
J. W. Paul
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Coastal British Columbia ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Spring soil nitrate and ammonium dynamics in south coastal British Columbia soils were examined with respect to the potential to develop a soil nitrate test for silage corn (Zea mays, L.). Soil nitrate and ammonium contents were measured to 90 cm depth in two soils from April to July of two growing seasons. Treatments included a control, spring application of either 300 or 600 kg total N ha−1 as liquid dairy manure, or 200 kg N ha−1 as inorganic fertilizer. Significant amounts of ammonium were present until late May following manure and until mid-June following fertilizer application, requiring simultaneous determination of both nitrate and ammonium concentrations to assess soil inorganic N contents during this period. Most of the changes in soil nitrate over time occurred in the top 30 cm, suggesting that sampling to 30 cm depth would be sufficient in most cases for a soil nitrate test in this region. Most of the increase in soil inorganic N associated with the spring application of manure occurred by 1 June. A soil nitrate test in early to mid-June when the corn is at the six leaf stage appeared to be most suitable for use in south coastal British Columbia to determine if additional fertilizer N is required. A sample taken at this time will measure soil nitrate contents just before the period of rapid corn N uptake, after most of the additional inorganic N associated with spring manure application is already present in the soil as nitrate, and after nitrification of the manure ammonium has occurred. Key words: N recovery, preplant nitrate test, pre-sidedress soil nitrate test

scholarly journals Narrow Grass Hedge Effects on Microbial Transport Following Variable Applications of Beef Cattle Manure

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Durso ◽  
John E. Gilley ◽  
David B. Marx ◽  
Bryan L. Woodbury
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Microbial Transport ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Application Rates

Abstract. The effectiveness of a 1.4 m wide grass hedge in reducing microbial transport following manure application was examined in this study. Beef cattle manure was applied to 0.75 m wide by 4.0 m long plots established on an Aksarben silty clay loam located in southeast Nebraska. Manure was added at rates required to meet none or the 1-, 2-, or 4-year nitrogen requirements for corn. The transport of phages, total coliforms, , and enterococci was measured for three 30 min simulated rainfall events, which were separated by approximately 24 h intervals. The narrow grass hedge reduced total counts of phages, , and enterococci from 10.8 to 9.01 log PFU ha-1, from 12.4 to 11.9 log CFU ha-1, and from 11.8 to 11.2 log CFU ha-1, respectively. For the plots that received manure, no significant differences in transport of phages or enterococci were found among the three manure application rates. Rainfall simulation run significantly affected measurements of phages, total coliforms, and enterococci, with measurements during the three runs varying from 8.91 to 10.5 log PFU ha-1, from 12.7 to 13.3 log CFU ha-1, and from 11.2 to 11.7 log CFU ha-1, respectively. Counts for phages, total coliforms, and enterococci were significantly less for the first than the second and third rainfall simulation runs. All four of the microbial constituents were significantly correlated to dissolved P, particulate P, total P, and total N. A narrow grass hedge placed on the contour significantly reduced microbial transport following variable applications of beef cattle manure. Keywords: Bacteria, Cattle manure, E. coli, Filter strips, Land application, Manure management, Manure runoff, Microbial, Microorganisms, Runoff.

Influence of nitrogen fertilization on cabbage yield, head nitrogen content and extractable soil inorganic nitrogen at harvest

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1275-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Zebarth ◽  
S. Freyman ◽  
C. G. Kowalenko
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L ◽  
Extractable Soil

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) was fertilized at rates of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 kg N ha−1. Yield and plant total N increased with increasing N rate. Apparent recovery of fertilizer N in the cabbage heads averaged 32% and was independent of N rate. Soil extractable inorganic N at harvest was low and increased with increasing N rate in only one of the 2 yr. Key words: Brassica oleracea, N recovery

scholarly journals POTENTIAL FOR PRODUCING STANDARD COMPOST FROM BEEF CATTLE AND CORN WASTES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 605-611
Author(s):  
Muji Paramuji ◽  
◽  
Suprihatin a ◽  
Titi Candra Sunarti ◽  
Sukardi b ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The success of the corn agro-industry is greatly influenced by fertilizeravailability. A notable effort to support that situation is to increase compost production through the utilization and processing of beef cattle and corn wastes. Thisresearch proposed to produce compost from the utilization of beef cattle and corn wastes by following the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The composting process was carried out by preparing several materials consisting of beef cattle manure (BCM), wet/dry stover (WS/DS), and EM4 solution. These materials were fermented anaerobically, then checked and stirred every three days.The fermentation was stopped after 40 days. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of five levels of compost materials treatments, namely P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4, with three replications. The parameters observed were the characteristics of cattle and corn waste, the physical feature of the compost, and the nutrient content of the compost (yield, water content, pH, P2O5, K2O, organic C, total N, and C/N ratio). P2 treatment (BCM:WS:DS:EM4 =1:2:1:1) produced compost with the best characteristics, namely blackish brown color and crumbly with slightly sour aroma. The yield obtained was 32.95%, water content was 10.08%, pH was 5.59, P2O5was 0.50%, K2O 1.26%, organic C was 52.34%, total N was 1.34% and C/N ratio was 39.06. These characteristics are by following under the SNI cheap, practical in manufacture and application in the field, and environmentally friendly.

81 Compare two methods to analyse total nitrogen from freeze-dried dairy cattle manure

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Yumeng Song ◽  
Mei Bai ◽  
Deli Chen ◽  
Michael Hall ◽  
Zelin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Freeze Dried
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