Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Different Types of Livestock and Poultry Manure During Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1723-1733
Author(s):  
Zhiping Zhu ◽  
Lulu Li ◽  
Hongmin Dong ◽  
Yue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
List Type ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Manure Storage

HighlightsCarbon and nitrogen gas emissions from manure storage were influenced by manure characteristics.The main GHG contributor for dairy cattle, beef cattle, and broiler manure was methane.The main GHG contributor for laying hen manure was nitrous oxide (N2O).N2O emissions of the five types of manure were comparable with the IPCC recommended value.Abstract. Livestock manure management is an important source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from agriculture. Large amounts of manure are produced in China, while little research is available on the gas emission characteristics from different manure sources. The GHG and NH3 emissions from pig manure (PM), dairy cattle manure (DCM), beef cattle manure (BCM), layer manure (LM), and broiler manure (BM) during storage were monitored using the dynamic emission chamber method to compare the differences in gas emission characteristics among the five manure types and elucidate the key factors causing the differences. The results indicated that C and N gas emissions from manure storage were influenced by manure characteristics. The total CO2-eq (without CO2) emissions from PM, DCM, BCM, LM, BM were, respectively, 49.98 ±3.53, 1160.4 ±55.22, 692.16 ±42.98, 61.99 ±1.92, and 72.52 ±3.45 g per kg of dry basis manure during 77-day storage. The main GHG contributor for DCM, BCM, and BM was methane (CH4), accounting for 65% to 94%, and the main GHG contributor for LM was nitrous oxide (N2O). For PM, CH4 and N2O contributed equally to the total emissions. The N2O emissions of the five manure types were 0.002 to 0.013 kg N2O-N kg-1 N and were comparable with the IPCC recommended value. Keywords: Ammonia, Animal manure, Emission, Methane, Nitrous oxide.

Toward Modeling of Nitrous Oxide Emissions Following Precipitation, Urine, and Feces Deposition on Beef Cattle Feedyard Surfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1371-1384
Author(s):  
David B. Parker ◽  
Kenneth D. Casey ◽  
Kristin E. Hales ◽  
Heidi M. Waldrip ◽  
Byeng Min ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
List Type ◽  
Equivalent Mass ◽  
Fresh Feces ◽  
Feces Deposition

HighlightsNitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas emitted from feedyard pen surfaces.Experiments were conducted to quantify nitrous oxide emissions from precipitation, urine, and feces.Nitrous oxide emissions from urine were about 30% of those from equal amounts of precipitation.Regression equations were developed for empirical modeling of emissions.Abstract. The amount of moisture deposited annually as urine (~320 mm) and feces (~95 mm) on typical semi-arid Texas beef cattle feedyard pens is considerable compared to the regional 470 mm mean annual precipitation. Precipitation is a primary factor affecting nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from manure, but specific effects of urine and feces deposition are unknown. The objectives of this research were to (1) quantify N2O emissions following precipitation, urine, and feces deposition on a dry feedyard manure surface, and (2) develop equations for future empirical modeling of these emissions. Four experiments (Exp.) were conducted using recirculating flux chambers to quantify N2O emissions. Exp. 1 had treatments (TRT) of water (W), artificial urine (AU), and two urines collected from beef cattle fed high-quality forage (FU) or corn-based concentrate (CU). Exp. 2 had TRT of W, AU, and two feces levels (Fx1 and Fx2). In Exp. 3, N2O emissions were quantified from fresh feces pats. In Exp. 4, the effect of rainfall pH on N2O emissions was evaluated. Results from Exp. 1 showed that the W TRT had the highest mean cumulative N2O emission, while AU, FU, and CU ranged from 31.0% to 70.0% of W on an equal volume-applied basis. There was little correlation between N2O emissions and urine or water nitrogen (N) content. In Exp. 2, W again had the highest cumulative N2O. Cumulative N2O emissions expressed per unit of water added were 29.0, 3.8, 4.5, and 5.1 mg N kg-1 water added for W, AU, Fx1, and Fx2, respectively. In Exp. 3, fresh feces pats emitted no direct N2O, but N2O originated from the dry manure beneath the feces pat due to wetting. In Exp. 4, the highest N2O emissions occurred at pH 5 and pH 8, with lower emissions at pH 6 and pH 7. This research has shown that the addition of moisture to the pen surface from urine and feces contributes considerably to N2O emissions as compared to precipitation alone. The following recommendations were developed for future empirical modeling purposes: (1) N2O emissions from urine should be calculated as 32.7% of those emissions from the equivalent mass deposition of water, and (2) N2O emissions resulting from the mass of water in feces should be calculated as 15.6% of those emissions from the equivalent mass deposition of water. Keywords: Beef cattle, Greenhouse gas, Manure, Nitrous oxide, Urine, Precipitation.

Measurement and regulation of environmentally hazardous gas emissions from beef cattle manure composting

2006 ◽  
Vol 1293 ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shiraishi ◽  
N. Wakimoto ◽  
E. Takimoto ◽  
H. Kobayashi ◽  
T. Osada
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Hazardous Gas

Effects of Feeding Encapsulated Nitrate to Beef Cattle on Ammonia and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Their Manure in a Short-Term Manure Storage System

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1979-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanhee Lee ◽  
Rafael C. Araujo ◽  
Karen M. Koenig ◽  
Michael L. Hile ◽  
Eileen E. Fabian-Wheeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Manure Storage

scholarly journals Sampling frequency to estimate cumulative nitrous oxide emissions from the soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Ferreira do Nascimento ◽  
Renato de Aragão Ribeiro Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
Soil Gas ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Gas Sampling ◽  
Sampling Intervals

Abstract: The objective of this work was to assess the influence of gas sampling frequency on the cumulative emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from the soil. Gas emissions were assessed over a period of two years (2014-2016), in four systems: eucalyptus forestry, crops, pasture, and native forest. The cumulative emissions of N2O were calculated at sampling intervals of 7, 14, and 21 days. The sampling intervals did not influence the final results of cumulative N2O emissions from the soil in the assessed systems.

Emissions of nitrous oxide, ammonia and methane from Australian layer-hen manure storage with a mitigation strategy applied

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Naylor ◽  
S. G. Wiedemann ◽  
F. A. Phillips ◽  
B. Warren ◽  
E. J. McGahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Total N ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
The Relationship

Greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions are important environmental impacts from manure management in the layer-hen industry. The present study aimed to quantify emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) from layer-hen manure stockpiles, and assess the use of an impermeable cover as an option to mitigate emissions. Gaseous emissions of N2O, CH4 and NH3 were measured using open-path FTIR spectroscopy and the emission strengths were inferred using a backward Lagrangian stochastic model. Emission factors were calculated from the relationship between gaseous emissions and stockpile inputs over a 32-day measurement period. Total NH3 emissions were 5.97 ± 0.399 kg/t (control) and 0.732 ± 0.116 kg/t (mitigation), representing an 88% reduction due to mitigation. Total CH4 emissions from the mitigation stockpile were 0.0832 ± 0.0198 kg/t. Methane emissions from the control and N2O emissions (control and mitigation) were below detection. The mass of each stockpile was 27 820 kg (control) and 25 120 kg (mitigation), with a surface area of ~68 m2 and a volume of ~19 m3. Total manure nitrogen (N) and volatile solids (VS) were 25.2 and 25.8 kg/t N, and 139 and 106 kg/t VS for the control and mitigation stockpiles respectively. Emission factors for NH3 were 24% and 3% of total N for the control and mitigation respectively. Methane from the mitigation stockpile had a CH4 conversion factor of 0.3%. The stockpile cover was found to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 74% compared with the control treatment, primarily via reduced NH3 and associated indirect N2O emissions.

Greenhouse gas emissions from the enteric fermentation and manure storage of dairy and beef cattle in China during 1961–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiling Gao ◽  
Zhi Lin ◽  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Wenqi Ma ◽  
Wenhua Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Manure Storage

scholarly journals Environmental Conditions and Gas Concentrations in Deep-Pit Finishing Cattle Facilities: A Descriptive Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Erin L. Cortus ◽  
Brian P. Hetchler ◽  
Mindy J. Spiehs ◽  
Warren C Rusche
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
List Type ◽  
Total N ◽  
Floor Level ◽  
Deep Pit ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

HighlightsTemperature and air movement in the naturally ventilated barns correlated to ambient conditions.Manure N-P-K values related to solids distribution in the manure storage.Ammonia and combined sulfur concentrations increased with closer proximity to the manure surface.Influences of manure properties, airflow conditions, barn design, and management were evident for gas concentrations.Abstract. There is a lack of data to describe the range of environmental and air quality conditions in beef cattle confinement buildings with deep-pit manure storage. The objective of this article is to describe the environmental conditions, manure nutrient concentrations, and aerial gas concentrations for three deep-pit manure storage finishing beef cattle facilities and varying weather conditions. Measurements were collected from three barns finishing beef cattle with deep pits in Minnesota on three sampling days per barn in summer, fall, and spring weather conditions. The air temperatures throughout the barns closely mirrored the ambient temperature conditions, although significantly lower temperatures were sometimes evident at the manure surface or in the inlet opening. However, the manure and floor surfaces had 2°C and 5°C temperature increases over ambient temperatures. Air speeds through the barn openings were generally 40% of the ambient wind speed; at animal level, the average air speed was 1 to 3 m s-1. Manure nutrient distributions were not consistent between the surface and agitated (whole pit) samples, and this was likely due in part to solids distribution in the storage. Total nitrogen levels ranged from 4.5 to 6.7 g L-1, and ammonium-N was 50% to 65% of total N in agitated whole-pit samples. Phosphate and potassium oxide levels ranged from 2.8 to 4.2 g L-1 and from 3.7 to 4.5 g L-1, respectively. Aerial ammonia and combined sulfur concentrations varied by location within a barn, pen, and season. Ammonia and combined sulfur increased with proximity to the manure surface. Higher ammonia and combined sulfur concentrations at manure level and floor level for one of the three barns may have related to water quality and/or feed composition and resulting manure nutrients, in addition to warmer temperatures. At floor level, the greatest average ammonia concentration was 8.5 ppm, and 3.9 ppm at nose level. Maximum combined sulfur levels were a maximum of 270 ppb at floor level in summer conditions in one of the barns, while 52 ppb was the maximum average during spring conditions. Carbon dioxide levels also varied by location within a barn, pen, and season and were related in part to the presence of cattle in the pen. This project is the first to quantify air quality in slatted-floor cattle barns and contributes to a body of knowledge that can be used to develop process-based models for estimating air emissions from cattle facilities. Keywords: Airflow, Ammonia, Beef cattle, Confinement, Hydrogenslfide, Manure characteristics, Temperature.

Greenhouse gas emissions from dung, urine and dairy pond sludge applied to pasture. 1. Nitrous oxide emissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Ward ◽  
K. B. Kelly ◽  
J. W. Hollier
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Gas Emissions

Nitrous oxide (N2O) from excreta deposited by grazing ruminants is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions in Australia. Experiments to measure N2O emissions from dairy cow dung, urine and pond sludge applied to pasture, and the effectiveness of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin in reducing these emissions, were conducted in south-western Victoria, Australia. In Experiment 1, emissions from urine, with and without nitrapyrin, and from dung were measured. Treatments applied in September 2013 resulted in cumulative emissions (245 days) of 0.60, 5.35, 4.15 and 1.02 kg N2O-nitrogen (N)/ha for the nil, urine (1000 kg N/ha), urine (1000 kg N/ha) + nitrapyrin (1 kg active ingredients/ha), and dung (448 kg N/ha) treatments, respectively, giving emission factors of 0.47% and 0.09% for urine and dung respectively. Nitrapyrin reduced N2O emissions from urine for 35 days, with an overall reduction in emissions of 25%. In Experiment 2, sludge, with and without nitrapyrin, was applied in May 2014, and dung was applied in May, August, November 2014 and January 2015. Cumulative emissions (350 days) were 0.19, 0.49, 0.31 and 0.39 kg N2O-N/ha for the nil, sludge (308 kg N/ha), sludge (308 kg N/ha) + nitrapyrin (1 kg active ingredients/ha), and dung (total 604 kg N/ha) treatments, respectively, giving emission factors of 0.10% and 0.03% for sludge and dung. Nitrapyrin reduced N2O emissions from sludge for 60 days, with an overall reduction in emissions of 59%. A third experiment on two soil types compared emissions from urine and dung, with and without nitrapyrin, applied in different seasons of the year. Emissions were highly seasonal and strongly related to soil water status. Emission factors (90 days) ranged from 0.02% to 0.19% for urine and 0.01% to 0.12% for dung. Nitrapyrin reduced emissions from urine by 0–35% and had little effect on emissions from dung. Overall, the experiments found that nitrapyrin was an effective tool in reducing emissions from urine, dung and sludge applied to pasture, but the magnitude varied across the year, with nitrapyrin being most effective when soils had >70% water-filled pore space when major emissions occurred.

Sustainable nitrogen management for housed livestock, manure storage and manure processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-160
Author(s):  
Barbara Amon ◽  
◽  
Lars Stouman Jensen ◽  
Karin Groenestein ◽  
Mark Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Storage Treatment ◽  
Livestock Feeding ◽  
Manure Storage

This chapter reviews sustainable nitrogen management for housed livestock, manure storage and manure processing. The chapter begins by discussing the various forms nitrogen can take, focusing specifically on ammonia, nitrous oxide and di-nitrogen. It then goes on to review livestock feeding and housing for dairy and beef cattle, pigs and poultry. The chapter also examines manure storage, treatment and processing by discussing the principles of emissions produced from these processes as well as mitigation measures that can be used. It also addresses the best practices and priority measures for livestock feeding, housing and manure storage, treatment and processing.

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