CONSUMPTIVE USE OF WATER BY CROPS AT SWIFT CURRENT, SASKATCHEWAN

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pohjakas ◽  
D. W. L. Read ◽  
H. C. Korven
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Consumptive Use ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Class A ◽  
Evaporation Ratio ◽  
Seasonal Water Use ◽  
Class A Pan

Irrigation water was applied by the surface method to nine perennial and five annual crops grown at Swift Current. Soil moisture content was maintained between 50% of available moisture and the field capacity. Soil moisture stresses were measured by tensiometers. The total water use and peak requirements varied depending on the season. The total mean water use for perennial forages varied from 589 to 688 mm, and averaged 526 mm for wheat, 486 mm for barley, 610 mm for sugar beets and 560 mm for potatoes.Consumptive use: evaporation ratios were calculated from the Experimental Farms buried tank, a Class A pan, and black Bellani plate atmometers. The water use to evaporation ratio (U: E) from the Experimental Farms buried tank ranged from 0.81 to 1.14, for the Class A pan it was from 0.53 to 0.75, and for the black Bellani plates from 0.321 to 0.446. In all cases the perennial crops were at the higher end and the annual crops were at the lower end of the range.Three to eight irrigations were applied per season. Seasonal water use by annual crops was slightly higher at Swift Current than the rates reported for Lethbridge and Vauxhall, Alberta.

scholarly journals WATER USE BY BROCCOLI PLANTS (Brassica oleracea F, var. Italica)

Irriga ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Antonio Evaldo Klar ◽  
Ed Wilson Da Silva Fontes
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Class A ◽  
Class A Pan

WATER USE BY BROCCOLI PLANTS (Brassica oleracea F, var. Italica)  Antonio Evaldo Klar* Ed Wilson da Silva FontesDepartment of Agricultural Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences, State University of São Paulo, P.O. 237, CEP 18603-970, Botucatu – SP. E-mail: [email protected]* Scientific Researchist of CNPq.  1 ABSTRACT  Broccoli (Brassica oleracea F, var. Italica) plants were transplanted to four lysimeters (116 cm x 116 cm and 150 cm depth), two of them maintained at 40 cm and two at 50 cm water table.  Other two lysimeters, one for each level, received grass (Paspalum notatum, F.) to measure Reference Evapotranspiration (EToLY). Surrounded area received 2,500 m2 of broccoli plants with soil water potentials ( s) maintained higher than –30 kPa. The results allowed to conclude: - there were no statistical differences between the plant parameters from 40cm lysimeters and the surrounded area; - the Class A Pan, Radiation-FAO, Penman-FAO and Penman-Monteith Reference Evapotranspiration (ETo) methods, in this order, had significant correlations to the data obtained from 40 cm water table level lysimeter; - the Kc (crop coefficient) broccoli values ranged from 0.88 to 1.42 for KcLY (Lysimeters), 1.24 to 2.14 for KcA (Class A Pan), 1.19 to 1.71 for KcPM (Penman-Monteith), 0.95 to1.42 for KcPF (Penman-FAO) and 0.82 to 1.49 for KcR (Radiation-FAO) from stages II to V; - the plant water using ranged from 4.09 to 6.25 mm/day for 40 cm water level, and 2.68 to 5.25 mm/day for 50 cm water level for the same stages, respectively. The lysimeters at 50 cm water level yielded 64,3% less inflorescences and 8.1% lower water using efficiency than the plants from 40 cm water level lysimeters.  KEY WORDS: irrigation, evapotranspiration, broccoli.  KLAR, A.E.; FONTES, E.W.S. USO D’ÁGUA POR PLANTAS DE BRÓCOLOS (Brassicaoleracea F, var. Itálica).  2 RESUMO  Plantas de brócolos foram transplantadas para 4 lisímetros de 116 x 116 de área x 150 cm de profundidade, sendo dois mantidos com 40 cm e outros dois com 50 cm de nível de lençol freático. Outros dois lisímetros foram usados para medir a evapotranspiração de referência (EToLy) com grama batatais nos mesmos níveis de água. Os lisímetros foram colocados no meio de uma cultura de brócolos com área de 2500 m2, com o potencial de água do solo mantido acima de –30kPa. Os resultados permitiram que se concluísse: - não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os valores de área foliar, pesos de matéria seca das folhas e das inflorescências entre as plantas de fora e de dentro dos lisímetros de nível de água de 40 cm; - os métodos do tanque Classe A, FAO-Radiação, Penman-FAO e Penman-Monteith, nesta ordem, correlacionaram-se significativamente com os dados obtidos no lisímetro de grama de nível 40 cm; - os lisímetros com brócolos e nível de 50 cm tiveram produtividade 64,3% menor e mostraram eficiência de uso de água 8,1% menor que os de 40 cm e 2,68 a 5,25 mm de evapotranspiração por dia, não sendo, portanto, indicados para a medir-se EToLY;- os valores dos coeficientes de cultura variaram de 0,88 a 1,42 para KcLY (lisímetro de 40 cm), de 1,24 a 2,14 para KcA (tanque Classe A), de 1,19 a 1,71 para KcPM (Penman-Monteith), de 0,95 a 1,42 para KcPF (Penman-FAO) e de 0,82 a 1,49 para KcR (FAO-Radiação) para os estádios II a V, respectivamente.  UNITERMOS: brócolos, coeficiente de cultura, evapotranspiração de referência.

WATER REQUIREMENTS OF IRRIGATED SOYBEANS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. HOBBS ◽  
H.-H. MUENDEL
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Seasonal Water Use

Field experiments were conducted from 1979 to 1982 in southern Alberta to determine the seasonal water use of soybeans. Soil moisture was determined every 5–6 days throughout the growing season and irrigation water was applied when soil moisture tension in the top 30 cm reached −40 kPa, with an additional treatment of −60 kPa for 1980 and 1981. Seasonal water use in a year of normal growth (1980) varied from 426 to 482 mm for the drier and wetter treatments, respectively. The drier treatments in 1980 and 1981 resulted in more efficient use of water. Low early-season water use with peak use after full pod development (R4) was defined. Water use peaked in late July to early August with a requirement of 7 mm/day. Small changes in seed quality, tending towards higher protein and lower oil under wetter conditions, are corroborated in the literature. The possibility of integrating crop and cultivar selection with appropriate irrigation management to improve production efficiency in southern Alberta is discussed. The late-peak water requirement of soybeans combines well with the early-peak use of cereal crops to ensure efficient seasonal irrigation management.Key words: Glycine max (L.) Merr., évapotranspiration, seed protein, seed oil

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE UM CONJUNTO DE LISÍMETROS COM UMA CULTURA DE MILHO (Zea mays L).

Irriga ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Mariana De Campos Fraga Soares ◽  
Antonio Evaldo Klar
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Class A ◽  
Corn Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Class A Pan

AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE UM CONJUNTO DE LISÍMETROS COM UMA CULTURA DE MILHO (Zea mays L).  Mariana de Campos Fraga SoaresAntônio Evaldo Klar*Depart. de Eng. Rural – FCA – UNESP – CP 237 – CEP 18.603-970 – Botucatu/SPFone: (0xx14) 6802-7185 - [email protected]*Pesquisador Científico do CNPq 1 RESUMO O presente trabalho foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas -  UNESP, Botucatu/SP, com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho de um conjunto de lisímetros de lençol freático constante. Como instrumentos para avaliação, comparou-se o desenvolvimento da cultura do milho (Zea mays L.) em diferentes profundidades do lençol freático (50cm, 60cm, 70cm e 80cm com duas repetições) e área de bordadura. Estimou-se a evapotranspiração de referência pelo método de Penman-FAO e pelo tanque classe APara avaliação do desenvolvimento da cultura do milho foram coletadas quinzenalmente medidas de altura e área foliar e, ao final do experimento, foram coletados dados de produção de massa verde para silagem (t.ha-1),  matéria  seca  (t.ha-1) e produção de milho verde na palha (t.ha-1). Os resultados obtidos, quanto ao desenvolvimento e produção da cultura, indicaram correlação significativa entre os lisímetros e a área externa plantada externa com a mesma cultura.. Os dados de evapotranspiração de referência estimados pelos métodos de Penmam FAO e tanque Classe A, para o ciclo da cultura estudada, foram 339,7mm e 377,9mm, respectivamente. A evapotranspiração da cultura no período variou de 219,19 a 276,64mm, com o maior valor a 60 cm da superfície do solo e o menor, a 80cm..As eficiências do uso da água (EUA) médias, em relação a matéria seca, pela cultura do milho, foi de 2,98 kg.m-3 para a estimativa com base na evapotranspiração da cultura medida diretamente nos lisímetros, 3,23 kg.m-3, para a evapotranspiração da cultura estimada pela ETo pelo método de Penmam-FAO e 2,89 kg.m-3, pelo método do tanque Classe A. Unitermos: lisímetros, evapotranspiração, eficiência do uso da água.  Soares, M.C.F., Klar, A. E.  EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A LISYMETER SET WITH A CORN CROP (Zea  mays L.).  2 ABSTRACT This study was set up at Agricultural Engineering Department – FCA/Unesp, Botucatu/SP, in order to evaluate the performance of a set lysimeters (50, 60, 70, and 80 cm water table level, with two replications). A corn crop (Zea mays L.) was used in lysimeters and in the border area.Plant height and leaf area were measured every 15 days to evaluate the corn crop development and at the end of the experiment, green mass to silage, total dry and fresh matter and production of fresh corn grain were taken. The estimated reference evapotranspiration was computed according to Penman-FAO and Class A pan methods.The results showed a significant correlation between the plant results obtained from lysimeters and the border area. The total reference evapotranspiration was 339.7 mm and 377.9 mm for Penman-FAO and Class A pan methods, respectively. The evapotranspiration of crop in this period, measured in the lysimeters, were from 219.19 mm (80cm) to 276.64 mm (60cm)The water use efficiency (WUE) average using kg of total dry matter per water evapotranspiration were 2.98 kg.m-3 measured through  lysimeters, 3.23 kg.m-3 by Penmam-FAO and e 2,89 kg.m-3  by Class A pan methods.  Keywords: lysimeters, evapotranspiration, water use efficiency.

Effect of irrigation scheduling and live mulching of cowpea on root characteristics, consumptive use and water use efficiency of upland rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
RA Aparna ◽  
V Jayakrishnakumar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Consumptive Use ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Use Efficiency

The field experiment was conducted in the farmer's field, Peringammala, Kalliyoor, Thiruvananthapuram during the Virippu 2017 to study the effect of irrigation scheduling and live mulching with cowpea on root and soil moisture characteristics of upland rice. The results revealed that root characters like root volume, root dry weight and root shoot ratio significantly increased under the irrigation treatment I1 [irrigation at 3 cm depth at 10 mm cumulative pan evaporation (CPE)]. The root length was the highest for rain fed control (I7). Among the mulches, live mulching with cowpea (M2) recorded the highest root length and root shoot ratio. The treatments and their interaction had a significant influence on soil moisture. Irrigation at 3 cm depth at 10 mm CPE, live mulching with cowpea and their interaction recorded the highest consumptive use. The highest water use efficiency was recorded by the treatment irrigation at 2 cm depth at 20 mm CPE (I5) and live mulching with cowpea (M2).

scholarly journals Consumptive Use, Water Use Efficiency, Moisture Depletion Pattern of Wheat under Semi-arid Eastern Plain Zone of Rajasthan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Lal Prajapat ◽  
Rani Saxena ◽  
R. R. Choudhary ◽  
Manoj Kumhar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Consumptive Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Background: India has the largest area under wheat cultivation but variability in climate is one of the major environmental threat to agriculture particularly wheat crop. The growth and yield of wheat crop is adversely affected by environmental stresses such as soil moisture deficit, high temperature, low light intensity etc. Among these stresses irrigation water is a scare resource, it’s optimization is fundamental to water resources use. It permits better utilization of all other production factors and thus leads to increased yields per unit area and time. The higher requirement of food to feed the increased population with reduced water availability for crop production forces the irrigation researchers and managers to use water-saving irrigation strategies to improve the water productivity (WP) in recent years. Thus, an assessment of the potential for reducing water needs and increasing production is the need of time. The current study aimed to study of this province in order to manage and control related problems. Method: In this context a field experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2016 and 2017, Soil moisture studies were started right from sowing and continued up to maturity of wheat crop. The soil moisture content under all the treatments of three replications was determined just before irrigation and twenty four hours after irrigation from 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm soil depths and calculate consumptive use of water, soil moisture depletion pattern and water use efficiency. Result: Results revealed that the maximum consumptive use (350.01 mm) of water found with irrigation schedule at 1.2 ETc and highest water use efficiency (15.32 kg ha-1 mm-1) obtained with irrigation schedule at 1.0 ETc. Among the different wheat cultivars Raj-4120 registered higher consumptive use (332.57 mm) and Raj- 4238 obtained highest water use efficiency (16.13 kg ha-1 mm-1) while crop sown on 15th November recorded higher consumptive use (333.04 mm) and water use efficiency (15.69 kg ha-1 mm-1). Wheat is a surface feeder with fibrous root system, the maximum amount of moisture was depleted in shallow depth (0-15 cm) than deeper layers of soil.

SEASONAL CONSUMPTIVE USE OF WATER BY CROPS GROWN IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO EVAPORATION

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Sonmor
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Consumptive Use ◽  
Class A ◽  
Southern Alberta

Irrigation water was applied to 13 crops, commonly grown in southern Alberta, whenever the available moisture within the root zone was depleted to the 75, 50, and 25 per cent levels during the seasonal growth period. The average consumptive use, associated with the maximum yield treatments, during this 12-year study, was highest for alfalfa and pasture grass (26 and 24 inches, respectively) and lowest for tomatoes and canning peas (14 and 13 inches, respectively). Other crops produced maximum yields with an average use of water, in inches, as follows: sugar beets, 22; potatoes, 20; soft wheat, 19; hard wheat, 18; oats and barley, 16; and flax and corn, 15. The range of water use data reported in this study is generally somewhat lower than the practical water requirements (including measured and estimated consumptive use) indicated in earlier reports by other investigators.The consumptive use-evaporation ratios were highest for forage crops and lowest for row crops. These relationships were determined for the 4-foot sunken pan, the class "A" pan, and the black Bellani plate atmometer.

Plant Growth and Water Use With Limited Water Supply in High CO2 Concentrations. I. Leaf Area, Water Use and Transpiration

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIL Morison ◽  
RM Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
High Co2

Plants of 16 agricultural and horticultural species were grown from seed in spaced pots in two glasshouses, one with normal and one with twice the present atmospheric CO2 concentration. Water use and leaf area development were measured while soil moisture content declined from field capacity to c. 6%. High CO2 increased leaf area in all but two species, the increase varying from 20 to 75%. However, the water loss per plant followed a similar time course to that of plants in control CO2 concentration because of the reduction of daily transpiration rate per unit leaf area (range 4-39%). Cowpea and sunflower plants rewatered after one soil drying cycle showed 9 and 5%, respectively, lower transpiration rate in high CO2 over a subsequent drying cycle than in the first cycle. Averaging across all species and soil moisture contents, transpiration rate was less reduced by high CO2 (21%) than was stomatal conductance (36%) and this is attributed to the increased leaf temperature caused by reduced stomatal conductance.

scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Moisture Content and Animal Manure Application on the Growth of Mendong (Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunt)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Yaya Sunarya ◽  
Enok Sumarsih
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Use Efficiency

The objective of the research was to study the interaction between soil moisture content and animal manure application on the growth of Mendong (Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunt). The experiment was conducted in May until September 2016 in Kampung Lembur Sawah, Kamulyan Village, Manonjaya Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya Regency. A pot experiment was performed using a factorial design consisting of two factors and three replicates. The factors were soil moisture content (K) consisting of four levels i.e. k1 (100% field capacity (FC)), k2 (150% FC), k3 (200% FC), and k4 (250% FC); and animal manure application (P) consisting of p1 (cattle manure), p2 (broiler chicken manure), and p3 (sheep manure). The indicators of plant growth, i.e. plant height, number of tiller, fresh weight and dry weight of plant biomass, shoot/root ratio, percentage of  the >75cm-long stems, water consumption, and water use efficiency (WUE) were measured.  The results showed that  there was an interaction effect between the soil moisture content and animal manure application on the number of tiller at 45 days after planting (DAP), the percentage of the >75 cm-long stems, and the water consumption. The sheep manure application at any levels of soil moisture content resulted in better effect on the growth of Mendong, water use efficiency, and quality of stem (the percentage of the >75cm-long stems). The soil moisture content above the field capacity resulted in better effect on the growth of Mendong, indicating that Mendong is more suitable to grow on the land with the soil moisture content above the field capacity or saturated soil during the whole growing period. Keywords: Manure, Mendong, soil moisture content

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