A Review of Ventilation and Environmental Control of Underground Spaces

Because of rapid urbanization, traffic problems, and other factors, underground spaces have been used more in the twenty-first century. Large underground spaces are required for underground city, metro, tunnel, mine, industrial and agricultural engineering, and civil air defense engineering. Underground spaces with varying thermal, ventilation, and lighting environments can face problems of comfort, health, and safety. High temperatures, high humidity, difficulty in flue gas emission, harmful microorganisms, radon, and physical and psychological problems are examples of issues. Air quality control technologies for underground spaces, such as ventilation, dehumidification, natural energy utilization, smoke extraction, and ventilation resistance reduction, are discussed. Ventilation for smoke-proofing/evacuation is also extensively addressed.

Effect of Prosopis Farcta, Urtica Dioica and Disper root on Vegetative Growth, Nutrients Contents of cv. Shahreban Pomegranate Transplant

This research was conducted on pomegranate transplants in a lath house during the growth season of 2020 of college of Agricultural engineering science, university of Duhok, to investigate the impact of spraying of Prosopis Farcta, Urtica Dioica and Disper root with 0,100, and 200 mg.L-1 concentration, with 0,100, and 200 mg.L-1 concentration and with (0, 75, and 150 mg.L-1) concentration respectively, on vegetative growth, nutrients contents of pomegranate transplants. The collected data indicate that the spraying of Prosopis Farcta extract, Urtica Dioica and Disper root especially at 200, 200, and 150 mg.L-1 respectively resulting in a considerable increase in the majority of the examined parameters. At high concentrations, the interaction of three examined components resulted in the maximum values of branches number 14.57, transplant height 143.67 cm, leaves number 157.33, Chlorophyll 48.97, Roots number 10, Root length 42.67 cm, leaf nitrogen content 2.507 %, phosphorus 0.267 % and potassium 1.433 %.

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE HYDRAULIC DRIVE OF THE SECTIONS OF A WIDE-COLLECTING CULTIVATOR WITH SEQUENTIAL ACTIVATION OF HYDRAULIC CYLINDERS

The publication discusses the issues of mathematical modeling of dynamic processes occurring in a complex hydromechanical system of the hydraulic drive of the wide-cut cultivator sections with consistent wear of the hydraulic cylinders. The analysis of known designs of wide-cutting tools and agricultural units is carried out. It is noted that one of the tendencies in the development of domestic agricultural engineering is an increase in the width of coverage of tillage machines. In this regard, hydraulic drives for decomposition and assembly of sections of these machines are widely used. The use of this type of drive is due to its compactness, speed and power. The basic schematic diagrams of hydraulic drives for decomposition of wide-cut tillage machines are considered. On the basis of the analysis, a schematic diagram of the hydraulic drive for assembling (decomposing) sections of a wide-grip cultivator with sequential actuation of hydraulic cylinders is proposed and the principle of its operation is described. A mathematical model has been developed for the hydraulic drive of the wide-grip cultivator sections in the working and transport position. The mathematical model consists of the equations of the continuity of the flows of the working fluid, which describe the processes occurring in the hydraulic drive, and the equations of moments and forces, from which it is possible to determine the force factors acting on the elements of the system. It is difficult to obtain an analytical solution to the resulting system of equations, therefore, to find solutions, numerous methods were applied, namely the Runge-Kutta-Feldberg method with an automatic change in the integration step. On the basis of the obtained dependencies, an analysis of the operation of the hydraulic drive with sequential wear of the hydraulic cylinders was carried out and recommendations were proposed on the design device and directions for improving the hydraulic drive of the tillage unit sections.

EFFECT OF HUMIC ACID CONCENTRATION AND SPRAYING STAGES ON SEEDS YIELD AND ITS CONPONENTS OF ALFALFA

A field experiment was conducted at the experimental fields in the collage of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Iraq during the period from mid. March 2019 to to end of July 2020. The main objective was to find out the effect of humic acid (HA) concentration (0, 1, 2 and 3 cm3.L-1) and three stages of foliar application (vegetative, growth, flowers buds emergence and 50% flowering) on seeds yield and its components of alfalfa local variety. Layout of the experiment was R.C.B.D arranged in split-plot, with three replications. Foliar application stages were used as main-plots, while humic acid concentrations were used as sub-plots. Results showed that spraying of HA at conc. 3 cm3.L-1 resulted in a significant increment in number of florets per raceme and number of pods per raceme, in contrast, % of florets abortion in and 1000 seeds weight were not significantly influenced by HA conc. and spraying stages. Highest number of the stems.m-2, number of racemes per stem, seed set and seeds yield (441.0) Kg.ha-1 were obtained from plants sprayed with HA at conc. 3 cm3.L-1. Plants sprayed at vegetative growth produce highest number of stems.m-2 number of raceme per stem, number of seeds per pod and seeds yield (423.6) Kg.ha-1. There was high positive correlation between seeds yield and each of, number of stems.m-2, number of pods per raceme and number of raceme per stem (+0.88**, +0.70** and +0.82**) respectively. There was a significant interaction between HA concentration and spraying stages on seeds yield. The higher seeds yield (485.) Kg.ha-1 was obtained when alfalfa plants were sprayed with HA at the conc. of 2 cm3.L-1 in vegetative growth.

The System of Continuing Education at the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM

From 1930 to 1991 our country built a well-structured system of agroengineering higher education institutions and faculties of mechanization that, for 90 years, effectively developed and operated solving the problem of training engineering personnel for the evolving mechanized agriculture. The collapse of the USSR caused dramatic changes in the country system of agricultural engineering education. As a result of numerous reorganizations and reforms in the Russian system of higher education, agroengineering universities ceased to exist independently and had to join agricultural universities. The mergers and integration of research institutions and the establishment of large federal research centers on their basis have made it expedient to implement a continuing professional education system (master’s, postgraduate, doctoral studies).The Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM is developing the system of continuing professional education for training modern agricultural engineering personnel in the field of automation, robotization, digital technologies. A current target of the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM is the implementation of Master’s degree programs.

Agricultural engineering based on system analysis and elctronic imaging

In this paper, we present the need for system analysis and electronic imaging for the study of Agricultural Engineering. In fact, the system analysis aims to structure the analysis of agricultural systems. In fact, we present a literature review of system analysis and the need for electronic imaging. Then, two applications of Agricultural Engineering are presented. In fact, the basic principle of the application of stock management of a grain weighing system is presented. An application of the identification of the behavioral criteria of dairy cattle through electronic imaging is presented. Finally, the different results obtained from these applications are discussed.

PREFACE

The 2nd International Conference on Energetics, Civil and Agricultural Engineering is an international event that has been successfully held in a hybrid mode (online and onsite) organized by the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers (TIIAME), Tashkent, Uzbekistan. ICECAE is a privileged space to discuss current issues related to Energetics, Civil and Agricultural Engineering. This international event aims to explore emerging technologies and concepts in a collaborative way, bringing together scientists, researchers, engineers, students and professionals from different areas. ICECAE 2021 proceedings collected the latest research and results in the field of energetics, civil and agricultural engineering. All manuscripts published in the proceeding have been through rigorous review and process to meet the requirements of international publication standard. In the honorable and keynote speeches sessions, honorable speakers were each allocated 40 minutes and keynote speakers were each allocated 20-25 minutes to hold their speeches. We were honored to invite 3 honorable speakers (Professor Josep M. Guerrero, Professor Saifur Rahman, and Professor Mohammad Shahidehpour) and 10 distinguished experts as keynote speakers to present their insightful speeches. As honorable speakers, Professor Josep M. Guerrero (from Aalborg University – Denmark) talked about Space Microgrids – NanoSats, Lunar Bases and Closed Ecosystems, Professor Saifur Rahman (from Virginia Tech Advanced Research Institute - USA) delivered a speech on Global Electric Power Sector: Engaging with Environmental Issues, and Professor Mohammad Shahidehpour (from Illinois Institute of Technology - USA) held a speech on Blockchain for Transactive Energy Management in Renewable Energy Systems. As keynote speakers, Prof. Dr. Jan Wincenty Dobrowolski (AGH University of Science and Technology - Poland) shared his experiences related to his 50 years contribution to global cooperation on Sustainable Development 1971-2021 and innovative proposals for adaptation to climate change, COVID-19 and outer-space missions; Professor emeritus Dr. Davidas Belsare (from Bhopal University - India) made a speech about the effect of laser diode on oranges to other fruit crops like guava and papaya; Professor Justyna Kobylarczyk and Professor Michal Krupa (from Cracow University of Technology – Poland) held a speech on the topic of high quality of residential environment; Professor Jose Osvaldo B. Carioca (from Federal University of Ceara - Brazil) expressed his keynote address about synthesis of chitosan membranes to be used in dual system of dark fermentation and MEC-electrolyzers to produce high quality hydrogen; Professor Dominika Kusnierz-Krupa and Dr. Malgorzata Hryniewicz (from Cracow University of Technology -Poland) made their talk about a new functions in a historic buildings; Professor Alirza Mamedov (from Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture - Ukraine) delivered his talk about historical city analysis; Professor Manoj Stephen Paul and Dr. Ritu Chaturvedi (from St. Johns College - India) made their speech on human health risk assessment associated with consumption of food containing heavy metals; Associate professor Pavel Navitski (from Oral Roberts University – USA) delivered his talk about drift control during field spraying; and Dr. Ulrich Berk (president of the German Association of Homatherapy - Germany) made his keynote speech about agnihotra and homa farming -tools for a sustainable development on planet Earth. List of ICECAE 2021 Committee are available in this pdf.

Seed Germination of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. (Fabaceae) under Different Temperatures and Drying Method

Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong a tree commonly known as anglerfish, monkey ear and timbaúva. Due to its wood quality, this tree species is widely used in naval and civil constructions, toys and furniture frames, and can also be used for urban afforestation and restoration of degraded areas. The objective of this work was to standardize the best temperature conditions for conducting the germination tests of E. contortisiliquum seeds under laboratory conditions, considering the fact that the seeds come from coastal tropical Brazil, and to evaluate the desiccation tolerance. The experiments were carried out at the Plant Propagation Laboratory of the Agricultural Engineering and Sciences Campus (CECA) of the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), located in the municipality of Rio Largo, Alagoas, Brazil. The design of the experiment was fully randomized, with four repetitions of 25 seeds per treatment. In test I: The newly harvested seeds were subjected to constant temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40ºC and alternating temperatures of 20-30ºC, with an eight-hour photoperiod, simulated by four fluorescent lamps 20W daylight type. In trial II: The seeds were divided into two lots. The first was the control (initial moisture content). The second was subjected to slow drying on silica gel. A constant temperature of 30ºC is recommended for the germination and vigor test of E. contortisiliquum seeds. The critical means water content for seeds of this species is below 5%.