FIXATION OF POTASSIUM IN SOME CANADIAN SOILS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Neutral Point ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Canadian Soils ◽  
Carbonate Salts

From 16 to 71 per cent of the potassium added to surface samples of 11 Canadian soils was fixed upon wetting and drying into a form not extracted with 1 N neutral ammonium acetate. Fixation in several of the samples increased regularly with increase in their clay content. Samples exhibiting higher or lower fixing capacity than expected on the basis of clay content, usually had correspondingly low or high degrees of K-saturation. Considerable fixed potassium was removed by H-resin or by continuous leaching with 0.01 N HCl, and the rate of release by the latter was particularly high in Podzol samples.Liming of four of the acid samples, to raise the pH to about the neutral point, increased K-fixation slightly. Usually potassium in solution was lower in the limed than in the corresponding unlimed samples.Potassium from chloride and carbonate salts was fixed in similar amounts and there was no different effect of the anions on per cent K-saturation and [Formula: see text] ratio. The concentrations of potassium, and calcium plus magnesium in solution were higher, however, in the KCl- than in the K2CO3-treated samples.

POTASSIUM STATUS OF SOME QUEBEC SOILS: K RELEASED BY NITRIC ACID AND SODIUM TETRAPHENYLBORON AS RELATED TO PARTICLE SIZE AND MINERALOGY

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. AL-KANANI ◽  
A. F. MacKENZIE ◽  
G. J. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Sodium Tetraphenylboron ◽  
K Release

The K release characteristics of surface samples from five Quebec soils were investigated. Each soil was fractionated by size into six separates. Each separate was extracted with 1 M ammonium acetate (NH4OAc), with 1 M nitric acid (HNO3) and with sodium tetraphenylboron (NaTPB) and the K extracted was determined. The clay separates contained most of the HNO3 and NaTPB-extractable K. The average amounts of K removed by 1 M HNO3 and NaTPB from the clay was up to 16 times more than that released from silt or sand fractions. The strong relationship between extractable K and clay content was probably due to the similarity in mineralogical composition and degree of weathering of these soils. Clay-sized chlorite and vermiculite were destroyed by the HNO3 extraction but not by the NaTPB extraction. Crop response to K fertilizer was generally reduced as clay content and extractable K increased. Key words: Extractable K, NaTPB-K, HNO3-K

POTASSIUM-SUPPLYING POWER OF SOME CANADIAN SOILS

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Resin ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Canadian Soils ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Exchangeable Form

The amounts of exchangeable potassium in surface samples of 11 Canadian soils were significantly correlated with uptake of potassium by plants in the greenhouse. Per cent K-saturation and water-soluble potassium were indicative of the percentage of K-uptake that was derived from soil potassium in exchangeable form at the time of seeding.Amounts of non-exchangeable potassium extracted from the soils by repeated boiling in 1 N HNO3, by H-saturated exchange resin, and by continuous leaching with 0.01 N HCl were significantly correlated with each other and with the amounts of this form of potassium removed by plants.Following cropping, release of non-exchangeable potassium to exchangeable form during moist incubation of the samples for 112 days was slight. When samples containing different levels of exchangeable potassium were incubated moist for 13 months and then wetted and dried five times, potassium tended to be released to exchangeable form or converted to non-exchangeable form depending on initial level established. The degree of K-saturation at which potassium in six Ontario soils would be expected to be at equilibrium was estimated by regression to be 1.21 per cent. There was evidence that the degree of K-saturation for equilibrium in a Brown soil from Saskatchewan was at least 4.5 per cent.

Effect of clay content and wetting-and-drying on radiocaesium behaviour in a peat and a peaty podzol

2006 ◽  
Vol 368 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 795-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rosén ◽  
C.A. Shand ◽  
E. Haak ◽  
M.V. Cheshire
Keyword(s):  
Clay Content ◽  
Wetting And Drying

Can soil clay content predict ammonia volatilization losses from subsurface-banded urea in eastern Canadian soils?

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Pelster ◽  
M.H. Chantigny ◽  
D.A. Angers ◽  
N. Bertrand ◽  
J.D. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Mesocosms ◽  
Dynamic Chamber ◽  
Canadian Soils ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Extractable

To determine how soil physical and chemical characteristics affect NH3 volatilization, we measured NH3 losses from eight different eastern Canadian soils with various soil clay contents and cation exchange capacities (CEC). Losses were measured from soil mesocosms banded (0.05 m depth) with urea (equivalent of 140 kg N ha−1) in a dynamic chamber system fitted with an acid trap; with soil properties measured in parallel mesocosms. Regression analysis indicated a negative relationship between 28 d of NH3 volatilization losses and soil clay content (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.978), CEC (P < 0.001; R2 = 0.941), and buffer capacity (P = 0.006; R2 = 0.772), and positive relations with maximum change in soil pH (P = 0.015; R2 = 0.670) and maximum water-extractable NH4+ (P = 0.010; R2 = 0.721). A 90% reduction in NH3 losses occurred when clay content increased from 10% to 20%. Also, the correlation between water-extractable NH4+ and NH3 loss and a lack of correlation between salt-extractable (1 mol L−1 KCl) NH4+ and NH3 loss indicate that NH4+ bound to cation exchange sites does not contribute to the rapid NH3 volatilization. However, more research on soils of different mineralogy is required to ascertain whether this holds in other regions as well.

Response of Manitoba soils to banding phosphorus with sulfate or carbonate salts

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihiri C.W. Manimel Wadu ◽  
Tee Boon Goh ◽  
Olalekan O. Akinremi
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Monopotassium Phosphate ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Sulfate Salts ◽  
Carbonate Salts ◽  
P Sources

Applications of sulfate and carbonate salts have been shown to improve the solubility of phosphorus (P) in model calcareous soils. It is unclear how these treatments will influence P solubility in real soils. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sulfate or carbonate salts on P solubility in selected Manitoba soils. We hypothesized that the application of carbonate or sulfate salts in a fertilizer band could enhance the solubility of P in Manitoba soils. Different salt mixtures were prepared by mixing either monopotassium phosphate (MPP) or monoammonium phosphate (MAP) with K2SO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgSO4, or (NH4)2CO3. After the 2 wk of incubation of salt-treated soils, both P sources decreased soil pH significantly. The addition of salts did not significantly affect pH in most of the soils. There was a significant treatment effect (P < 0.0001), a significant soil effect (P < 0.0001), and a significant soil by treatment interaction (P < 0.0001) on water-extractable P. Coapplication of either sulfates or (NH4)2CO3salt increased soluble P in some soils by 6%–44% or 11%–14%, respectively. Application of carbonate or sulfate salts increased P solubility only in soils with a smaller ratio of HCl-extractable Ca to ammonium acetate-extractable Ca.

Spatial distribution of basic exchangeable cations under different land uses in soils of Hamelmalo, Eritrea

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Huma Naz ◽  
Million Weldetensae ◽  
B. B. Kanwar ◽  
Balwan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

The study was conducted at two sites; Hamelmalo Agricultural College and Basheri watershed area in sub Zoba Hamelmalo, Keren to determine the status of basic exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na) under different land uses and their relationship with physco-chemical properties of soils. Global Positioning System based soil samples were collected randomly from different land use systems, cultivated (cereals and horticulture) and non-cultivated open wood lands. The pH values ranged from neutral to strongly alkaline and electrical conductivity values were found to be non-saline in nature. The textures of majority of the surface samples were found sandy loam. Availability of exchangeable Ca++, Mg++, K+ and Na+ in surface soils of all land uses varied from high to very high, moderate to high, very low to low and very low to moderate, respectively. Exchangeable K+ showed highly significant positive correlation (p less than 0.01) with clay content. However exchangeable Ca++ contents in soil was positively and significantly correlated (p less than 0.05) with pH, clay, silt and negative significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with BD. Mg++ had positive significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with clay content and negative significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with sand.

RELEASE AND FIXATION OF POTASSIUM IN DIFFERENT SIZE FRACTIONS OF SOME CANADIAN SOILS AS RELATED TO THEIR MINERALOGY

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MacLean ◽  
J. E. Brydon
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Coarse Silt ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Fine Silt ◽  
Canadian Soils ◽  
Total Potassium ◽  
Medium Silt

The average amount of non-exchangeable potassium removed by H-resin and boiling 1 N HNO3 from the clay in eleven Canadian soils was about twice that in the fine silt, about four times that in the medium silt, and about eleven times that in the coarse silt and sand. Continuous leaching with 0.01 N HCl also removed four times as much potassium from the clay as from the medium silt. The amounts released were usually less from the clay of four Podzols than from the clays of a Brown Chernozemic, a Brown Podzolic, a Brown Forest, and three Dark Grey Gleysolic soils.The percentage of total potassium released from K-bearing minerals by the above procedures was usually in the following order: feldspar < illite < muscovite < biotite.Although fixation of added potassium against extraction with ammonium acetate usually decreased with increasing particle-size, there was considerable fixation in the fine and medium silts. The clays of two Dark Grey Gleysolic and a Brown Forest soil fixed the highest amounts of potassium.Differences in the release and fixation of potassium were not related to the contents of feldspar, illite, vermiculite and mixed-layer minerals in the clays, nor to the amounts of feldspar and mica in the non-clay fractions.

scholarly journals Fixation of potassium in Finnish soils

1965 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Sandy Clay ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
The Mean

The fixation of potassium in Finnish soils was studied on the basis of a material consisting of 265 samples from various parts of the country. A »wet method» was employed in which 2.5 me K was added per 100 g soil, and the fixation against the extraction with neutral N ammonium acetate was determined after a period of contact of one hour. The average fixation in the 135 samples of surface soils was 0.38 ± 0.03 me K/100 g soil, and in the 130 subsoil samples 0.77 ± 0.09 me/100 g soil, or about 15 and 30 per cent of the added potassium, respectively. In the groups of the surface samples the mean values increased with the increasing content of clay from 0.25 ± 0.04 me K/100 g soil in the finesand soils to 0.56 ± 0.03 me K/100 g soil in the samples of heavy clay containing at least 60 per cent of the fraction < 2 μ. In the groups of the subsoil samples the corresponding mean values were 0.33 ± 0.24 and 1.04 ± 0.15 me K/100 g soil. In the surface soils the results ranged from 0.09 me K/100 g in a finesand soil to 1.27 me K/100 g in a clay loam, and in the subsoil samples from 0 in a sandy clay soil to 1.80 me K/100 g in one sample of clay loam and one sample of silty clay. The fixation was positively correlated with the contents of finer clay

scholarly journals Effective cation-exchange capacity in Finnish mineral soils

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
The Mean

Effective CEC of 230 mineral soil samples was estimated as sum of (Ca + Mg) and (AI + H) displaced by N KCI. The mean values as me/100 g of soil were, in the surface samples, 15.9 ± 2.0 in 46 clay soils, 8.9 ± 1.3 in 21 silt and loam soils, and 8.3 ± 1.1 in 39 sandy soils. In samples from the deeper layers the corresponding means were 16.3 ± 2.3 in 54 clay soils, 5.6 ± 0.9 in 21 silt and loam soils, and 2.5 ± 0.5 in 49 sandy soils. In surface samples of clay soils the mean effective CEC was about two thirds, in sandy soils of deeper layers about one third, and in all other groups about one half of the corresponding average potential CEC determined by neutral ammonium acetate. In the total material in which clay content ranged from 0 to 95%, organic C from 0.1 to 8.7 %, soil pH from 3.3 to 7.5, and oxalate soluble Al from 1.4 to 47.9 mmol/100 g, the »effective CEC» depended mostly on clay content: the partial correlation coefficient r = 0.90***, and the standard partial regression coefficient β = 0.84. The corresponding coefficients for the relationship between the »effective CEC» and the content of organic C were r = 0.55*** and β = 0.29, soil pH r = 0.35*** and β = 0.16, and oxalate soluble Al r = –0.13 and β = –0.06. The positive effect of liming on effective CEC, particularly, in coarser textured acid soils high in organic matter was emphasized.

scholarly journals Studies on the effect of clay and organic matter contents on the determination of cation exchange properties in clay soils by the ammonium acetate and methylene-blue methods

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Raimo Erviö ◽  
Osmo Mäkitie
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Adsorption Method

The correlation between CEC-values obtained by ammonium acetate and methylene-blue adsorption methods is relatively good (r = 0.86***). The latter method gives, however, about 30 per cent lower values for exchangeable cations. The extraction ratio used in the dye adsorption method has a clear effect on the level of the CEC-values. More complete adsorption was obtained with wider ratios. With increasing clay and humus contents the adsorption becomes more dependent on the soil-dye ratio. The effect of humus is more pronounced than that of clay. The CEC-values obtained by the ammonium acetate method were in better correlation to the clay content of soils than the values obtained by the dye-adsorption method, while the latter values were better correlated to the organic matter content of the soil. The percentages of exchangeable potassium, sodium and, especially, of magnesium, decrease when the clay content decreases, while that of calcium increases slightly. The ratio between exchangeable calcium and magnesium depends on the clay content of the soil ( r = 0.56***) so that the value of the ratio Ca:Mg increases when the clay content decreases (Table 1, q).

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