POTASSIUM STATUS OF SOME QUEBEC SOILS: K RELEASED BY NITRIC ACID AND SODIUM TETRAPHENYLBORON AS RELATED TO PARTICLE SIZE AND MINERALOGY

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. AL-KANANI ◽  
A. F. MacKENZIE ◽  
G. J. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
Sodium Tetraphenylboron ◽  
K Release

The K release characteristics of surface samples from five Quebec soils were investigated. Each soil was fractionated by size into six separates. Each separate was extracted with 1 M ammonium acetate (NH4OAc), with 1 M nitric acid (HNO3) and with sodium tetraphenylboron (NaTPB) and the K extracted was determined. The clay separates contained most of the HNO3 and NaTPB-extractable K. The average amounts of K removed by 1 M HNO3 and NaTPB from the clay was up to 16 times more than that released from silt or sand fractions. The strong relationship between extractable K and clay content was probably due to the similarity in mineralogical composition and degree of weathering of these soils. Clay-sized chlorite and vermiculite were destroyed by the HNO3 extraction but not by the NaTPB extraction. Crop response to K fertilizer was generally reduced as clay content and extractable K increased. Key words: Extractable K, NaTPB-K, HNO3-K

FIXATION OF POTASSIUM IN SOME CANADIAN SOILS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Neutral Point ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Canadian Soils ◽  
Carbonate Salts

From 16 to 71 per cent of the potassium added to surface samples of 11 Canadian soils was fixed upon wetting and drying into a form not extracted with 1 N neutral ammonium acetate. Fixation in several of the samples increased regularly with increase in their clay content. Samples exhibiting higher or lower fixing capacity than expected on the basis of clay content, usually had correspondingly low or high degrees of K-saturation. Considerable fixed potassium was removed by H-resin or by continuous leaching with 0.01 N HCl, and the rate of release by the latter was particularly high in Podzol samples.Liming of four of the acid samples, to raise the pH to about the neutral point, increased K-fixation slightly. Usually potassium in solution was lower in the limed than in the corresponding unlimed samples.Potassium from chloride and carbonate salts was fixed in similar amounts and there was no different effect of the anions on per cent K-saturation and [Formula: see text] ratio. The concentrations of potassium, and calcium plus magnesium in solution were higher, however, in the KCl- than in the K2CO3-treated samples.

Sorption of cesium in young till soils

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Merja Lusa ◽  
Janne Lempinen ◽  
Hanna Ahola ◽  
Mervi Söderlund ◽  
Anne-Maj Lahdenperä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction

AbstractSoil samples from three forest soil pits were examined down to a depth of approximately three metres using 1 M ammonium acetate extraction and microwave-assisted extraction with concentrated nitric acid (HNO

RELEASE OF NON-EXCHANGEABLE SOIL POTASSIUM BY RESIN-EQUILIBRATION AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR CROP GROWTH

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Barber ◽  
B. C. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Cation Exchange Resin ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Quadratic Regression ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Soil Potassium ◽  
The Difference

The non-exchangeable potassium released by soil after equilibration with cation-exchange resin was determined by extraction of the mixture with neutral ammonium acetate at room temperature and compared with a similar extraction in the absence of resin. The difference obtained following a 2-day equilibration period was called moderately-available potassium.Simple linear regression of yield on exchangeable potassium or exchangeable plus moderately-available potassium accounted for only 16 and 27 per cent respectively of the variability in yield response of corn, wheat, oats and potatoes to potassium fertilizer in the field. Multiple linear regression of yield on exchangeable and moderately-available potassium accounted for an average of 37 per cent of the variation in crop response; but a multiple quadratic regression of Log (100-per cent yield) on exchangeable and moderately-available potassium accounted for an average of 56 per cent of the variability in Log (100-per cent yield). Multiple quadratic regression of absolute yield or per cent yield on exchangeable and moderately-available potassium accounted for 46 and 50 per cent, respectively, of the variability in crop response to potassium fertilizer.

scholarly journals Kinetics of non-exchangeable potassium release in selected soil orders of southern Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 200-207
Author(s):  
Zareian Gholamreza ◽  
Farpoor Mohammad Hady ◽  
Hejazi-Mehrizi Majid ◽  
Jafari Azam
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Palygorskite Clay ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
K Release Rate ◽  
K Release

Non-exchangeable K release can greatly influence soil K fertility. This study was carried out to study the release of non-exchangeable K from 22 surface and subsurface soils of southern Iran using successive extraction with 10 mmol/l of CaCl<sub>2</sub> and oxalic acid in a period of 2−1368 h at 25 ± 1°C. Alfisols, Aridisols, Entisols, Inceptisols, Mollisols, and Histosols were among the studied soil orders. Illite, smectite, chlorite, vermiculite, kaolinite and palygorskite clay minerals were identified. The amount of non-exchangeable K varied from 95 to 506 mg/kg. Results showed that CaCl<sub>2</sub> and oxalic acid released 60 and 55% of non-exchangeable K from soils, respectively. The discontinuity in slope was found when the cumulative amount of released K was plotted versus time, supporting the multi-reactive nature of K exchange sites. The cumulative K release in soils ranged from 87 to 300 mg/kg for CaCl<sub>2</sub> and 78 to 300 mg/kg for oxalic acid which was well described by simplified Elovich and power function equations. The b constant of simplified Elovich as an index of non-exchangeable K release rate was in the range of 10 to 36 mg/kg for CaCl<sub>2</sub> and 11 to 36 mg/kg for oxalic acid. The highest b constant was measured in Inceptisols and Alfisols, while the lowest values were found in Entisols and Histosols. In conclusion, the K release pattern was similar for both extractants and affected by clay content and type, and soil depth.

Mineral sources of potassium to plants for seven soils from south-western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Pal ◽  
R. J. Gilkes ◽  
M. T. F. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Silicate Structure ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Incomplete Removal ◽  
Congruent Dissolution ◽  
K Release

This investigation was conducted with surface horizon samples from 7 south-western Australian soils and their 3 size fractions (sand, silt, and clay). The K release of these materials was measured for several extractants; the highest amounts of K were released from the clay (<2 μm) fraction. The presence of sand-size feldspars and incomplete removal of attached organic matter resulted in sand releasing significant amounts of K. The proportions of total K released in boiling 1 m HNO3 by the sand, silt, and clay fractions ranged from 0.4 to 3.4%, 2.6 to 36.3%, and 11.2 to 51.4%, respectively, and from 2.0% to 22.9% for the whole soils. Cumulative K uptake by 6 harvests of ryegrass over 260 days ranged from 0.26 to 1.23 cmol/kg soil.The clay fraction released higher proportions of total K to acid compared with the sand and silt size fractions because of the high specific surface area of the clay and because it contained proportionately higher amounts of illite, which releases K by both ion exchange and dissolution, whereas K release from feldspars requires congruent dissolution of the silicate structure. The differences in contents of StepK (relatively available fraction of the non-exchangeable K) and CRK (constant rate K) for 1 m HNO3 dissolution of these soils and size fractions reflect differences in mineralogical composition between the soils and size fractions. The low contents of StepK for the sand fraction indicated that K was strongly retained by feldspars. The soils with high CRK values had significant amounts of illite in the clay fraction. Values of CRK were positively related to cumulative K uptake and cumulative dry matter yield of ryegrass.

Soil and Crop Response to Varying Levels of Compaction, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Clay Content

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 1483-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Gregorich ◽  
D. R. Lapen ◽  
B. L. Ma ◽  
N. B. McLaughlin ◽  
A. J. VandenBygaart
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Crop Response

Factors affecting the nanopore structure and methane adsorption capacity of organic-rich marine shales in Zhaotong area, Southern Sichuan Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. T403-T419
Author(s):  
Panke Sun ◽  
Hanqing Zhu ◽  
Huaimin Xu ◽  
Xiaoni Hu ◽  
Linfeng Tian
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Sichuan Basin ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Methane Adsorption ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
Structure Characteristics ◽  
Longmaxi Shale ◽  
Nanopore Structure

As a national shale-gas demonstration zone in China, the Zhaotong area has great gas resource potential. However, the nanopore structure characteristics, methane adsorption capacity, and their affecting factors of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale in this area remain unclear. To address these puzzles, we conducted a series of experiments, such as X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, low-pressure [Formula: see text] adsorption, and high-pressure methane adsorption, and we calculated the relevant characteristic parameters, such as pore volume (PV), specific surface area (SSA), fractal dimension, and Langmuir parameters by using the nonlocal density functional theory method, Frenkel-Halsey-Hill theory, and Langmuir model, respectively. The results indicate that the nanopores of the Lower Longmaxi Shale in the Zhaotong area are composed of micropores and mesopores, which mainly exist as organic matter (OM) pores. The pore surface exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity as indicated by the fractal dimensions ranging from 2.845 to 2.866. The nanopore structure characteristics (i.e., SSA and PV) and methane adsorption capacity are mainly controlled by the total organic carbon (TOC) content. In addition, the mineralogical composition (i.e., the quartz and clay content) also contributes significantly to the micropore PV and gas content. The external provenance has a significant effect on the mineralogical composition, TOC content, and methane adsorption capacity. With the increasing influence of the external provenance, the biogenic quartz content decreases and the relationship between the quartz content and TOC content becomes more discrete, which indicates the change of depositional environment, and the clay content increases, which can dilute the OM concentration during the deposition and enhance the compaction potential, and it can eventually result in less gas content. The results of this study reveal the nanopore system characteristics of the Longmaxi Shale in the Zhaotong area and provide further insight into the influence of external provenance on reservoir characteristics and gas content variability of the Lower Longmaxi Shale in the southern Sichuan Basin.

Subsoil hydraulic conductivity estimates for the Lower Macquarie Valley

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
TL Bird ◽  
TM Willis ◽  
GJ Melville
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Soil Variation ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Soil Groups

Field saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured in situ, at two depths in the B horizon, on irrigated soils in the Lower Macquarie Valley. Measurements were made with constant head well permeameters, using the single-head method, and water of moderate sodicity and high salinity. The hydraulic conductivity data were log-normally distributed for all soil groups and there were significant differences between some of these soil groups in mean hydraulic conductivity. Three soils exhibited significant differences in mean hydraulic conductivity between depths. Hydraulic conductivity measurements ranged up to 3 orders of magnitude within a soil. Variation in hydraulic conductivity estimates, both between and within soil groups, confirmed the variation observed in previous predictions of deep drainage, which were obtained using a semi-empirical model. A cluster analysis on hydraulic conductivity indicated that similar morphological soil properties did not necessarily reflect similar hydrologic properties. There was a strong relationship between hydraulic conductivity and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), hydraulic conductivity and clay content, and ESP and clay content. A model was developed to predict field saturated hydraulic conductivity from ESP and clay content data. Hydraulic conductivity measured in this study may not have been representative of percolation rates which would occur with low salinity irrigation water, but can be used to assess the risk of recharge from irrigation on different soils in the lower Macquarie Valley. Shallow watertables may potentially develop when the application of irrigation water greatly exceeds crop water requirements. Quantification of groundwater recharge will allow the likelihood of shallow watertable development in the Lower Macquarie Valley to be assessed.

Potassium Release from Micas and Characterization of the Alteration Products

Clay Minerals ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dreher ◽  
E.-A. Niederbudde
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Bromine Water ◽  
Potassium Release ◽  
Fe Oxidation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sodium Tetraphenylboron ◽  
Different Origin ◽  
K Release

AbstractInterlayer K from two biotites of different origin was extracted with octadecylammonium chloride (ODA) and sodium chloride/sodium tetraphenylboron (STB) before and after oxidation with saturated bromine water (Br2). Potassium release, Fe oxidation and Fe ejection from octahedra were measured. With ODA and STB the untreated biotites released between 40 and 90% of initial interlayer K, the muscovite less than 5%. After Br2 treatment, substantially less K was extracted from both biotites. Suppression of K release was caused by the formation of octahedral vacancies formerly occupied by Fe. The extent of Fe ejection was not proportional to the extent of octahedral Fe oxidation. During Br2 treatment, the biotites transformed into hydrobiotite. The hydrobiotite sample, high in Fe ejection during preceding Br2 treatment, strongly resisted subsequent K extraction with STB, whereas the sample with minor Fe ejection transformed to vermiculite. Octadecylammonium chloride extracts K more effectively than STB from biotites intermediate between trioctahedral and dioctahedral structure and is considered to be suitable for the distinction between biotite K and muscovite K.

Spatial distribution of basic exchangeable cations under different land uses in soils of Hamelmalo, Eritrea

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Huma Naz ◽  
Million Weldetensae ◽  
B. B. Kanwar ◽  
Balwan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chemical Properties Of Soils

The study was conducted at two sites; Hamelmalo Agricultural College and Basheri watershed area in sub Zoba Hamelmalo, Keren to determine the status of basic exchangeable cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na) under different land uses and their relationship with physco-chemical properties of soils. Global Positioning System based soil samples were collected randomly from different land use systems, cultivated (cereals and horticulture) and non-cultivated open wood lands. The pH values ranged from neutral to strongly alkaline and electrical conductivity values were found to be non-saline in nature. The textures of majority of the surface samples were found sandy loam. Availability of exchangeable Ca++, Mg++, K+ and Na+ in surface soils of all land uses varied from high to very high, moderate to high, very low to low and very low to moderate, respectively. Exchangeable K+ showed highly significant positive correlation (p less than 0.01) with clay content. However exchangeable Ca++ contents in soil was positively and significantly correlated (p less than 0.05) with pH, clay, silt and negative significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with BD. Mg++ had positive significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with clay content and negative significant correlation (p less than 0.05) with sand.

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