ABSORPTION OF FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS BY SUGAR BEETS AS INFLUENCED BY PLACEMENT OF PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. E. Werkhoven ◽  
M. H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Band Placement ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the effects of placement of phosphorus and nitrogen on absorption of fertilizer phosphorus by sugar beets. Seven placements of P-32-labelled concentrated superphosphate combined with three nitrogen treatments—ON, 20 lb. N mixed with the soil, and 20 lb. N applied with the phosphorus—were used. The nitrogen source was ammonium nitrate. The phosphorus placements included three band placements, two applications mixed with 2 inches of soil at the 3–5 inch depth with and without a starter, and two applications mixed with 2 inches of soil at the 0–2 inch depth with and without a starter.The placement of nitrogen had a greater influence on the uptake of fertilizer phosphorus than did the placement of phosphorus. Nitrogen applied with the phosphorus generally resulted in greater uptake of fertilizer phosphorus than did nitrogen mixed with the soil. The nitrogen was more effective when the phosphorus was banded than when it was mixed with a volume of soil 2 inches deep. When no nitrogen was added or when nitrogen was mixed with the soil, a shallow band placement or the applications mixed with 2 inches of soil were equally effective in supplying phosphorus to the plant, and were superior to either a deep band or a mixed application with a starter. However, when nitrogen was added with the phosphorus, the shallow and deep bands were equally effective and were superior to the mixed applications with or without a starter.

THE EFFECT OF FERTILIZERS AND OSMOTIC PRESSURE ON GERMINATION

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dubetz ◽  
R. L. Smith ◽  
G. C. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Soluble Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

Results of germination studies with canning corn, field beans, and sugar beets at three soil moisture levels and under five fertilizer treatments, along with the results of germination of sugar beets at iso-osmotic concentrations of mannitol and ammonium nitrate solutions, are reported.The moisture levels alone had no significant effect on the germination of any of the crops. Moisture levels in combination with nitrogen fertilizers reduced germination, and the reduction became progressively pronounced with decreasing moisture. Nitrogen caused a greater reduction than mannitol or P2O5. With only one-quarter of the available moisture in the soil, the nitrogen treatments resulted in virtually no germination of any of the three crops. There were significant differences in response pattern among species, with canning corn being the least sensitive and field beans showing the greatest reduction due to fertilizer damage. Results indicate that no fertilizer should be placed in contact with bean seeds. The highly soluble fertilizer, ammonium nitrate, should not be placed in contact with corn or beet seeds when soil moisture is limiting.Germination of sugar beets was significantly lowered in solutions having osmotic pressures exceeding 4 atmospheres. With increasing osmotic pressure at iso-osmotic concentrations, germination of sugar beets was lower in ammonium nitrate solutions than in mannitol solutions, suggesting toxicity of the nitrate or ammonium ions.

Effects of time of nitrogen application on the yield and characteristics of the seed produced by Demeter fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
JR Simpson ◽  
JA Bull
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

Ammonium nitrate, applied in winter and in spring (at head emergence) increased the seed yield of a commercial crop of Demeter fescue (Festuca arundinacea) by up to 54 per cent. The nitrogen treatments each involved a total of 90 lb nitrogen an acre, which was divided differently between the two times of application. The early nitrogen applications increased the number of fertile tillers, but not the yield per tiller, whereas late applications increased only the yield per tiller. The germination percentage of the seed was affected only transiently by nitrogen treatments, but seed size was increased by the late nitrogen application. Thus the number of viable seeds per unit weight of sample was reduced by late nitrogen. The greatest yield of viable seeds was produced by a combination of 60 lb nitrogen in early August and 30 lb nitrogen in late September at heading.

scholarly journals The amt Gene Cluster of the Heterocyst-Forming Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain PCC 7120

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (19) ◽  
pp. 6534-6539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Paz-Yepes ◽  
Victoria Merino-Puerto ◽  
Antonia Herrero ◽  
Enrique Flores
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Combined Nitrogen ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Cyanobacterium Anabaena ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
Pcc 7120

ABSTRACT The genome of the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 bears a gene cluster including three amt genes that, based on homology of their protein products, we designate amt4, amt1, and amtB. Expression of the three genes took place upon ammonium withdrawal in combined nitrogen-free medium and was NtcA dependent. The genes were transcribed independently, but an amt4-amt1 dicistronic transcript was also produced, and expression was highest for the amt1 gene. A mutant with the whole amt region removed could grow under laboratory conditions using ammonium, nitrate, or dinitrogen as the nitrogen source.

scholarly journals Nitrate and Ammonium Leaching Losses from N Fertilizers Applied to `Penncross' Creeping Bentgrass

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Mancino ◽  
Joseph Troll
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Greenhouse Study

Combining frequent N applications and irrigations for turfgrasses grown in sandy soils is a common occurrence on golf course putting greens. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine leaching losses of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen from `Penncross' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris L.) growing on an 80 sand:20 peat soil mixture following frequent, moderately heavy irrigations and light or moderate N fertilizer applications. Nitrogen sources included calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea, urea formaldehyde and isobutylediene diurea. Application levels were 9.76 kg N/ha per 7 days and 19.52 kg N/ha per 14 days for 10 weeks. Irrigation equivalent to 38 mm·week-1 was applied in three equal applications. Overall, 46% of the applied water leached. Total leaching losses were <0.5% of the applied N. Nitrate represented the major portion of the leached N, with ammonium losses being negligible. There were no differences between sources when applied at these levels. In a second study, a single 48.8 kg N/ha application resulted in higher leaching losses of N, but only calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate had total losses > 2% (2.80% and 4.13%, respectively, over an n-day period). Nitrate concentrations were found to exceed 45 mg·liter-1 for ammonium nitrate.

Effect of light, nitrogen fertilization, and mycorrhizal fungi on growth and photosynthesis of lodgepole pine seedlings

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Ekwebelam ◽  
C. P. P. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Containerized Seedlings ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Mycorrhiza Formation ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Effect Of Light

Seedlings of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) were grown for 10 weeks without eetomycorrhizae in the greenhouse at three levels of irradiance (low, medium, and high) and ammonium nitrate (3, 62, and 248 ppm N). At 10 weeks, inoculation with either Pisolithustinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch or Suillusgranulatus (L. ex Fr.) O. Kuntze was superimposed on light and nitrogen treatments, and the seedlings were grown for an additional 6 weeks. Mycorrhiza formation increased with increase in irradiance, while fertilization with 62 ppm N resulted in greater mycorrhiza formation than either 3 or 248 ppm N. Further, inoculated plants had significantly greater biomass and took up more phosphorus than nonmycorrhizal seedlings. Inoculation with P. tinctorius and S. granulatus resulted in photosynthetic rates of 1.87 and 1.85 mg CO2•dm−2•h−1, respectively, significantly greater than nonmycorrhizal plants (1.41 mg CO2•dm−2•h−1). Although the increase in growth of the mycorrhizal seedlings was associated with increased photosynthesis, the magnitude of this response depended on specific combinations of irradiance and nitrogen fertilization. These results emphasize the importance of interactions among irradiance, nitrogen fertilization, and mycorrhiza development in the growth of containerized seedlings.

Yield and zinc content of sugar beets as affected by nitrogen source, rate of nitrogen, and zinc application

1961 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis C. Boawn ◽  
Frank G. Viets Jr. ◽  
C.E. Nelson ◽  
C.L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Source Rate ◽  
Zinc Application

EFFECT OF SELENATE VS. SELENITE FORMS OF SELENIUM IN INCREASING THE SELENIUM CONCENTRATION IN FORAGES AND CEREALS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
K. A. WINTER
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urea Prills

A greenhouse study was conducted on a fine sandy loam to determine the effect of adding different sources of Se on the Se concentration of forages and cereals. The three sources of Se were: NH4NO3 prills containing (i) 1.20% Se as sodium selenate, (ii) 1.02% Se as sodium selenite and (iii) urea prills containing 1.00% Se as sodium selenite. Application of 20 g Se ha−1 as sodium selenate (source i) produced Se concentrations of 1.02 and 1.05 mg kg−1 in timothy and 1.04 and 0.55 mg kg−1 in alfalfa in the two cuts, respectively, and 0.78 mg kg−1 in barley grain. This application rate of Se in the form of selenite resulted in 0.07–0.09 mg Se kg−1 in the two forages and barley grain. At similar application rates of Se, the ammonium nitrate doped with sodium selenate produced about 5–18 times more Se in the forages and barley than when doped with sodium selenite. Overall no significant difference was found in the plant Se concentration between ammonium nitrate or urea prills as the carrier for selenite. Key words: Sodium selenate and selenite doped NH4NO3, greenhouse, Se in forages and cereals

Effects of urea and ammonium nitrate fertilizer on growth of a young thinned and unthinned Douglas-fir stand

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Barclay ◽  
H. Brix
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer

The effects of two sources of nitrogen fertilizer applied at rates of 224 and 448 kg N/ha on growth of a thinned and unthinned 24-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand were studied. Ammonium nitrate yielded higher growth of diameter and volume than did urea over a 9-year period, particularly with thinning. Height growth was not affected by nitrogen source. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilization in terms of stem volume response per kilogram of nitrogen applied was greatest with ammonium nitrate in thinned plots. Tree mortality increased substantially with level of fertilization for both sources, and decreased markedly with thinning.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Source and Bed Architecture on Yield of Southernpea Cultivars `Quickpick', `Texas Pinkeye', and `Mississippi Pinkeye'

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 558E-559
Author(s):  
Kent E. Cushman ◽  
Thomas E. Horgan
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments ◽  
Green Stage

Mississippi growers produce southernpea for the fresh market on raised beds using 20 to 30 lb/acre nitrogen. This study compared conventional production practices to alternative approaches in a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete-block design with four replications. Three cultivars of southernpea, `Quickpick' (QP), `Texas Pinkeye' (T × PE), and `Mississippi Pinkeye' (MsPE), were planted into either raised or flat beds using either 30 lb/acre ammonium nitrate without seed inoculation or no ammonium nitrate with Rhizobium seed inoculation. QP and T × PE were harvested with a one-row Pixall harvester and MsPE was hand harvested. All plots were harvested at the mature-green stage. Yields were reduced due to drought conditions during pod fill. MsPE was hand harvested only once due to dry conditions and less-than-ideal yields. QP produced significantly greater yield (1208 lb/acre) than T × PE (962 lb/acre) or MsPE (981 lb/acre). The two nitrogen treatments were not significantly different. QP and T × PE were not affected by bed architecture, but MsPE on raised beds yielded significantly more than on flat beds. As with a similar study in 1998, also under nonirrigated conditions, MsPE had a significantly greater shellout than QP or T × PE. There were no significant interactions for yield or percent shellout.

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