Effects of time of nitrogen application on the yield and characteristics of the seed produced by Demeter fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
JR Simpson ◽  
JA Bull
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Commercial Crop ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

Ammonium nitrate, applied in winter and in spring (at head emergence) increased the seed yield of a commercial crop of Demeter fescue (Festuca arundinacea) by up to 54 per cent. The nitrogen treatments each involved a total of 90 lb nitrogen an acre, which was divided differently between the two times of application. The early nitrogen applications increased the number of fertile tillers, but not the yield per tiller, whereas late applications increased only the yield per tiller. The germination percentage of the seed was affected only transiently by nitrogen treatments, but seed size was increased by the late nitrogen application. Thus the number of viable seeds per unit weight of sample was reduced by late nitrogen. The greatest yield of viable seeds was produced by a combination of 60 lb nitrogen in early August and 30 lb nitrogen in late September at heading.

Effect of tiller age and time of nitrogen stress on seed production of Paspalum plicatulum

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Chadhokar ◽  
L. R. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Final Maturation

SummaryPaspalum plicatulum was grown at Brisbane in boxes of sand receiving basal nutrients and frequent irrigation; weekly levels of ammonium nitrate application were varied according to growth and development stage.The rate of tiller appearance increased to a maximum 40–50 days after sowing and almost ceased thereafter. Tiller leaf number, survival, fertility, inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were positively related to tiller age. Young tillers were more sensitive to variations in nitrogen supply than old tillers.Adequate nitrogen nutrition during the vegetative phase from sowing to floral initiation (93 days) increased tiller and hence inflorescence density; increased inflorescence branching was compensated by fewer seeds per raceme. Good nitrogen nutrition during the phase from floral initiation to inflorescence exsertion (142 days) increased survival of late-formed tillers and hence inflorescence density; inflorescence branching, seeds per raceme and seed size were also increased. Nitrogen stress during the final maturation phase did not affect seed yield.

scholarly journals Response of Slenderleaf (Crotalaria Brevidens Benth) to Inorganic Nitrogen Application

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 01-10
Author(s):  
Mary Abukutsa-Onyango ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Seed Yields

Slenderleaf is one of African Leafy Vegetables that has been grown and consumed in Kenya for a long time, its young leaves and shoots are used as a cooked vegetable. Slenderleaf acts as an agent to promote suicidal germination of Striga, a parasitic plant that is a major problem weed for maize and millet growers. One of the major constraints in its production has been poor quality seed and lack of technical packages for optimal production. Although slenderleaf has high germination percentage that occurs within 5 days, there is hardly any information on nitrogen nutrition and the longevity of slenderleaf seed and factors affecting them. The objectives of this study therefore were: to investigate the effect of nitrogen rates on growth, leaf and seed yield of Crotalaria brevidens and to study the effect of storage period on germinability of Crotalaria brevidens. Seeds of slenderleaf were obtained from Maseno University, Botanic garden and subjected to germination tests and then planted in the field in a well prepared seed bed at Maseno University experimental plots at a spacing of 30x30cm. The design of the experiment was RCBD with 6 treatments and three replications and each plot measured 1.5 x 2m. The treatments included six nitrogen rates (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 kg N per hectare). Measurements on plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and number of flowering plants were taken regularly. Seeds were harvested, processed and seed yield determined and the seeds from the various treatments were kept in airtight containers and stored at room temperature in September 2003. Germination tests were carried out by placing 50 seeds from each treatment randomly selected into a Petri-dish lined with a wet filter paper every 6 months commencing September 2003 for a period of two years and germination percentage determined. Results indicated that nitrogen rates did not have a significant (p>0.05) effect on growth, leaf and seed yields. Seed yields varied from 0.42 to 0.59 kg/m2. Nitrogen rates had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the germination percentage in the period of storage. In September 2003, the mean germination percentage was 96.8% while in September 2005 it was 95%. The findings of this study indicate that Nitrogen application may not always be necessary for growing slenderleaf and seed can be stored for 2 years without loss of germinability and viability

scholarly journals Effects of Seed Size on the Germination and Early Growth of African Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
J. I. Amonum ◽  
F. Sumaduniya ◽  
T. O. Amusa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Viable Seeds

The effects of seed size on the germination and early growth of A. digitata were assessed. Seeds were sourced locally within the University of Ilorin Campus. One hundred viable seeds were selected from each of the size classes. The seed weight, length, breadth, and width were measured for all the selected seeds. Mean weight, length, breadth, and thickness were: 0.62 g, 9.16 mm, 7.45 mm, and 5.85 mm, respectively for small seeds. 0.41 g, 9.54 mm, 7.68 mm, and 6.03 mm, respectively for medium seeds; and 0.44 g, 9.92 mm, 7.89 mm, and 6.21 mm, respectively for large seeds. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD). Seed dormancy was broken through the acid scarification method by soaking in H2SO4 at 70% concentration for 20 minutes with constant stirring. Variables of interest include: leaves number, seedlings height, collar diameter and leaf area. Based on the results of this finding, medium and large seeds germinated in 7 days after sowing while small seeds germinated in 10 days after sowing. Large seeds had the highest germination percentage (55%), followed by medium seeds with 27%. The small seeds were the least in terms of germination rate (21%). There was no significant difference in mean seedling heights, collar diameters and number of leaves among the seed size classes (P˃0.05). Mean leaf area significantly differed among the three size classes (P˂0.05). The result showed that large seeds gave best germination at a shorter period than the medium and small seed sizes. Thus, large seeds of A. digitata are recommended in propagation activities involving the species.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorus Addition to Soil Improves Seed Yield, Foliar Stomatal Conductance, and the Photosynthetic Response of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Zangani ◽  
Kamran Afsahi ◽  
Farid Shekari ◽  
Eileen Mac Sweeney ◽  
Andrea Mastinu
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on the physiological traits, yield, and seed yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), were studied in a farm research project of Zanjan University. Three levels of nitrogen (0, 100, and 200 kg/ha) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 75, and 150 kg/ha) were considered. The results showed that an increase in nitrogen level caused an increase in the leaf chlorophyll content so that the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves until the mid-grain filling stage. Nitrogen application lowered leaf stomatal conductance in the early flowering stage whereas the stomatal conductance was increased during the late flowering stage. Nitrogen application (100 and 200 kg/ha) also increased the quantum yield of photosystem II. On the other hand, with the application of 150 kg/ha and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus, the leaf stomatal conductance and the quantum yield of photosystem II in the early flowering stage increased respectively. The results showed that the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen and 75 kg/ha of phosphorus significantly increased seed and oil yield compared to the control. In addition, the number of siliques per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds showed an increasing trend that was affected by nitrogen and phosphorus levels. This study demonstrated that nitrogen enhanced the chlorophyll content, leaf area, and consequently, the quantum yield of photosystem II. Nitrogen also augmented the seed filling duration, seed yield, and oil yield by increasing gas exchange. As a result, the application of 100 kg/ha of nitrogen together with 75 kg/ha phosphorus showed the greatest effect on the qualitative and quantitative yield of rapeseed. However, the application of 200 kg/ha of nitrogen alone or in combination with different levels of phosphorus did not significantly increase many of the studied traits.

An early transient water deficit reduces flower number and pod production but increases seed size in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.-W. Fang ◽  
N. C. Turner ◽  
F.-M. Li ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Seed Growth

Terminal drought is known to decrease flower production, increase flower and pod abortion, and decrease yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), but the effects of early-season drought have not been evaluated. The influence of an early transient water deficit on flower and pod production and abortion, and seed yield and its components was evaluated in two chickpea cultivars, Rupali, a desi type, and Almaz, a kabuli type. Thirty-six-day-old plants were subjected to: (i) a transient water deficit by withholding water for 35 days, and then rewatered (WS), and (ii) kept well watered (WW) throughout. In the WS treatment the soil water content, leaf relative water content and leaf photosynthetic rate decreased after water was withheld and, following rewatering, recovered to the WW level. Despite the WS treatment being imposed at different phenological stages in the two cultivars, WS reduced flower number per plant by ~50% in Rupali and Almaz, respectively, compared with the WW plants. In WW plants, ~15% of flowers aborted in both cultivars, and 42 and 67% of the pods aborted in Rupali and Almaz, respectively, whereas in WS plants, 18 and 23% of flowers aborted and 27 and 67% of pods aborted in Rupali and Almaz, respectively. While seed growth in WS plants of Rupali and Almaz occurred primarily after the plants were rewatered, the duration of seed growth decreased by 17 and 36 days, the maximum rate of seed filling increased by 3 times and 5 times, and seed size increased by 26 and 16%, respectively, compared with the WW plants. Seed yield per plant in WS plants decreased by 31% in Rupali and 38% in Almaz compared with the WW controls. The early transient water deficit decreased flower production, but improved flower and pod development; increased the rate of seed growth and increased final seed size; and had a smaller effect on seed yield compared with chickpea subjected to terminal drought.

scholarly journals Potential yield of soybean promising lines in acid soil of Central Lampung, Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heru Kuswantoro
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Similar Soil

Most of Indonesia dryland is covered by acid soil which lead to the decreasing potential yield of the crops. In different areas soybean potential yield also different depends on the different soil pH and the availability of the soil. The objective of the research was to study the potential yield of soybean promising lines in acid soil of Central Lampung, Indonesia. Ten promising lines and two check varieties (Tanggamus and Wilis) were grown in acid soil with pH 4.7. The results showed that the highest seed yield was showed by SC5P2P3.5.4.1-5 with 2.51 t/ha. Other soybean promising lines with seed yield over than 2 t/ha-1 was SJ-5/Msr.99.5.4.5-1-6-1 and the check variety Tanggamus. The highest yield of SC5P2P3.5.4.1-5 was caused by the high number of filled pods and the large of seed size. Other nine promising lines also can be developed to obtained grain yield as many as Tanggamus yield in the area with similar soil and climate conditions.

Sesame Agronomy in South-east Tanzania. I. Plant Population and Sowing Method

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Taylor ◽  
J. Y. Chambi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Local Practice ◽  
Optimum Population ◽  
Viable Seeds

SUMMARYField trials are described in which the seed yield response of row-sown sesame to increasing plant population was examined, and in which row-sowing was compared with broadcasting at different seed rates. Maximum yields were obtained at an intended 200 to 250 × 103 plants ha−1 but yields were not greatly affected by a wider range of populations. Broadcasting, the normal local practice, gave yields slightly higher than those from rows 50 cm apart, the un-thinned rate of 800 × 103 viable seeds sown ha−1 yielded as well as treatments thinned to the optimum population, and double this seed rate, unthinned, gave the lowest yields, especially in rows.

scholarly journals Effect of flooding on growth and yield of mungbean genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Amin ◽  
MA Karim ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
S Aktar ◽  
MA Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Soil Flooding ◽  
Standing Water

The field experiment was carried out with some selected mungbean genotypes viz. IPSA-13, VC-6173A, BU mug 2, BARI Mung-5 and IPSA-12 to observe the effect of 4-days flooding on their growth and yield of mungbean under field conditions at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during September to November, 2011 maintaining 3-5 cm standing water at 24 days after emergence. Days to flowering and maturity delayed in flooded plants over control depending on the genotypes. Flooding significantly reduced Total Day Matters (TDM), number of pods per plant, seed size and seed yield of the mungbean genotypes over control. Considering higher seed yield, larger seed size and less yield reduction relative to control VC-6173A, BU mug 2 and IPSA-13 were found tolerant to soil flooding condition.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 151-162, March 2016

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