Effects of urea and ammonium nitrate fertilizer on growth of a young thinned and unthinned Douglas-fir stand

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Barclay ◽  
H. Brix
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Volume Response ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer

The effects of two sources of nitrogen fertilizer applied at rates of 224 and 448 kg N/ha on growth of a thinned and unthinned 24-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand were studied. Ammonium nitrate yielded higher growth of diameter and volume than did urea over a 9-year period, particularly with thinning. Height growth was not affected by nitrogen source. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilization in terms of stem volume response per kilogram of nitrogen applied was greatest with ammonium nitrate in thinned plots. Tree mortality increased substantially with level of fertilization for both sources, and decreased markedly with thinning.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON HEIGHT GROWTH OF DOUGLAS FIR ON A POOR SITE

1963 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Poor Site

Results of ten different nitrogen fertilizer treatments on seven-year-old, planted, open-grown Douglas fir on a low-quality site are presented. Annual height growth and foliar observations were used to indicate response. Results show an increase in height growth from fertilizer applications, except one, when compared to the control. The response to the four-ounce ammonium sulfate treatment suggests this amount to be optimum in this trial. Generally the greatest response was in the larger trees. Four of the fertilizer treatments caused needle defoliation. Two treatments killed trees.

Bulldozing stumps and nitrogen fertilization affect growth of Douglas-fir seedlings

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Thies ◽  
E. E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Olympic Peninsula ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Eight treatments involving stump removal by bulldozing in combination with nitrogen fertilization were applied to 0.04-ha circular plots in a clear-cut on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Treatments included stump removal (either all stumps removed or the plot left undisturbed) and broadcast fertilization with ammonium nitrate (0, 336, 672, or 1345 kg N ha−1). Diameter at breast height and height of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings, planted several months after treatment, were recorded five and eight seasons after outplanting. The results showed that either bulldozing stumps from the site or fertilizing with ammonium nitrate increased growth of seedlings through their eighth growing season. After eight growing seasons, bulldozing had increased seedling height by 23% and diameter at breast height by 43%; fertilizing produced increases of 13% in height and 17% in diameter at breast height.

scholarly journals Postplant Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer to Pinus sylvestris at Different Stages of Establishment

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-114
Author(s):  
David L. Hensley ◽  
E. Gray Aldridge
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Scotch Pine ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Survival And Growth

Abstract Ammonium nitrate and urea formaldehyde at 56, 112, and 224 kg N/ha (50, 100, and 200 lb N/A) were surface-applied to Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) planted the same spring and 1 and 2 years previously. Survival and growth were measured and compared with untreated controls during the following two seasons. Survival of plants established the same year as treatment was significantly greater at the lowest fertilizer rate, regardless of material. Second season height growth of trees receiving 56 kg N/ha (50 lb/A) in the year of planting was significantly greater than those receiving 224 kg N/ha (200 lb/A). There were no significant growth responses by trees established for 1 or 2 years prior to treatment. Stem diameter and number of lateral buds at the apex were not affected by any of the treatments.

Urea and Ammonium Nitrate as Nitrogen Sources for Southern Pine Plantations

1981 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Assessment Period

Abstract Urea and ammonium nitrate, applied in February, June, and October, were compared as nitrogen fertilizer sources in 11 southern pine plantations ranging in age from 6 to 18 years old. Over a 4-year assessment period all but one of the plantations responded significantly to nitrogen fertilization. Differences between urea and ammonium nitrate were nonsignificant at all sites for all three dates of application. Average responses for February and October applications were quantitatively very similar at each site. However, at 3 of the 11 sites June applications of both urea and ammonium nitrate gave significantly poorer responses than February and October applications.

scholarly journals Shifts in Foliage Biomass and Its Vertical Distribution in Response to Operational Nitrogen Fertilization of Douglas-Fir in Western Oregon

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob D. Putney ◽  
Douglas A. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Dormant Season

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is a commonly applied silvicultural treatment in intensively managed coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii) plantations. Field trials were established in a randomized complete block design by Stimson Lumber Company (Gaston, Oregon), to test the economic viability of N fertilization on their ownership and to better understand Douglas-fir growth responses. The 23 stands comprising the trials were Douglas-fir dominated, had a total age of 16–24 years, had been precommercially thinned, and had a density of 386–1021 trees ha−1. Fertilizer was applied aerially at a rate of 224 kg N ha−1 as urea during the 2009–2010 dormant season. In the dormant season of 2016–2017, seven growing seasons following application, 40 trees were felled and measured with the objective of assessing crown attributes and aboveground allometrics. Branch-level foliage mass equations were developed from 267 subsampled branches and were applied to the 40 felled sample trees on which the basal diameter and height of all live branches were measured, allowing estimation of both the total amount of foliage and its vertical distribution. A right-truncated Weibull distribution was fitted to data, with the truncation point specified as the base of live tree crown. The resulting tree-level parameter estimates were modeled as functions of tree-level variables. Stand-level factors not explicitly measured were captured through the use of linear and nonlinear mixed-effects models with random stand effects. Fertilization resulted in more total crown foliage mass in the middle crown-third and caused a downward shift in the vertical distribution of foliage, with implications for feedback responses in crown development and photosynthetic capacity. Defining the morphological responses of Douglas-fir crowns to nitrogen fertilization provides a framework for studying influences on stand dynamics and should ultimately facilitate improved site-specific predictions of stem-volume growth.

Late-rotation nitrogen fertilization of Douglas-fir: growth response and fibre properties

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosmin N. Filipescu ◽  
John A. (Tony) Trofymow ◽  
Ross S. Koppenaal
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Fibre Properties ◽  
The Impact

Late-rotation fertilization of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) 5 to 10 years before harvesting is a common management practice in British Columbia and the US Pacific Northwest. Despite widespread operational application, knowledge on the impact of late-rotation fertilization on forests, especially fibre properties, is lacking. In this study, we evaluate the growth response and fibre properties following nitrogen fertilization in a productive second-growth coastal Douglas-fir site at age 57 years. Destructive sampling of dominant and co-dominant trees in fertilized and control plots 5 years after fertilization indicated significant gain in stem volume (30%–40%) that was uniformly distributed along the stem. There were no discernible effects on wood quality at the log level in terms of resonance acoustic velocity. However, fibre properties within breast height tree rings indicated significant reductions of ring wood density (by 8%), earlywood density (17%), latewood percentage (10%), and modulus of elasticity (8%). Tracheid dimensions declined in earlywood (reduction of wall thickness by 15%), latewood (radial diameter by 8%), and fibre length (by 6%). Results indicate that late-rotation nitrogen fertilization of Douglas-fir may lead to a significant growth response with only minimal reduction of fibre properties. It is possible that the negative impact on fibre properties could become more significant for repeated applications or higher rates of nitrogen fertilization.

Annual rates and elemental concentrations of litter fall in thinned and fertilized Douglas-fir

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1601-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Trofymow ◽  
H. J. Barclay ◽  
K. M. McCullough
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Elemental Concentrations

Overstory litter fall, primarily needles, was collected for 15 years within control and treated plots in a stand of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) located near Shawnigan Lake, British Columbia. Treated plots were thinned or fertilized, or both; thinned plots had two-thirds of their basal area removed, fertilized plots were treated with 448 kg N•ha−1 of either urea or ammonium nitrate, and half the fertilized plots were refertifized at the same rate 9 years later. The annual rate of litter fall in control plots averaged 1890 kg•ha−1. In control plots significant yearly variations were observed in litter-fall mass and concentrations of K, Mg, and Ca but not N or P. Thinning decreased rates of litter fall by 80%, but rates returned to control-plot levels after 13–15 years in unfertilized plots and after 8–10 years in fertilized plots. Fertilization without thinning depressed litter fall in the year of treatment but increased the rate by 20–80% in subsequent years. Litter-fall N concentrations increased by 40–80% the year of fertilization and then began declining 3–6 years later. Nitrogen fertilization reduced litter-fall P, K, and Mg concentrations for 8, 4, and 1 year(s), respectively, following fertilization. The effects were greater in ammonium nitrate plots than in urea plots. Rates of litter fall correlated poorly with stand density but well with basal area and stemwood increment. Correlations with the latter two variables varied with time and treatment.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF AGRICULTURAL GYPSUM ASSOCIATED WITH NITROGEN FERTILIZATION: AN APPROACH TO THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN PASTURE AND SOIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
João Vitor Rodrigues Padovan ◽  
Gabriel Banos Rodrigues ◽  
Alan Dos Santos Cardoso ◽  
Hiago Augusto Amaral Sacco ◽  
João Leonardo Miranda Bellotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Chemical Element ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Pasture Area

Brazilian soil presents serious problems with plant production, due to its low fertility and high acidity content, besides that the toxicity caused by the chemical element aluminum. To overcome these problems, agricultural gypsum is used to neutralize the action of aluminum and, together with the assistance of nitrogen sources, ensures greater forage productivity. The objective of this work was to recover a pasture area with the application of agricultural gypsum associated with nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications, in a 2x4 factorial scheme with 50 kg ha-1 of N in the form of ammonium nitrate and 50 kg ha-1 of N in the form of urea, plus four doses of agricultural plaster, of which: 0; 750; 1500 and 3000 kg ha-1 in pasture installed in Urochloa humidicola. The dose of 1884 kg ha-1 of gypsum provided the highest concentration of calcium when applied in conjunction with ammonium nitrate. For sulfur, a linear response was observed, regardless of the nitrogen source used. The use of urea significantly increased the nitrogen levels in the leaves. The application of gypsum, regardless of the nitrogen source, provided a linear response in the calcium and sulfur levels in the leaves.

Effects of nitrogen source and season of application on the nutrition and growth of iodgepole pine

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.P. Brockley
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer ◽  
Better Than

The effects of spring and fall applications of urea and ammonium nitrate fertilizer on the nutrition and growth of lodgepole pine (Pinusconforta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) were evaluated at three locations in the interior of British Columbia over a 6-year period. Ammonium nitrate was generally more effective at increasing 1st-year foliar nitrogen concentration than was urea, irrespective of season of application. Spring-applied ammonium nitrate was especially effective in increasing foliar nitrogen levels. Despite the apparent superiority of ammonium nitrate over urea in improving foliar nitrogen status, the basal area increment of fertilized trees in the three trials was not affected by nitrogen source. The effect of season of application on basal area increment was not consistent across all sites or between measurement periods. Spring-applied ammonium nitrate produced the smallest 0- to 3-year basal area and height increments in two of the trials. The negative effects of fertilization on foliar sulphur concentration may partially explain the poor basal area and height response following fertilization at one site and the relatively small response to spring-applied ammonium nitrate at another site. Because spring-applied ammonium nitrate is more effective at increasing foliar nitrogen concentration, it is most likely to create a nitrogen:sulphur imbalance, at least over the short term. Further studies are warranted to test the hypothesis that ammonium nitrate is better than urea at stimulating tree growth when accompanied by sulphur additions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document