Estimation of N2O emissions from agricultural soils in Canada. I. Development of a country-specific methodology

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rochette ◽  
D E Worth ◽  
R L Lemke ◽  
B G McConkey ◽  
D J Pennock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Land Use Impacts ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Country Specific

International initiatives such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol require that countries calculate national inventories of their greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of the present study was to develop a country-specific (Tier II) methodology to calculate the inventory of N2O emissions from agricultural soils in Canada. Regional fertilizer-induced emission factors (EFreg) were first determined using available field experimental data. Values for EFreg were 0.0016 kg N2O-N kg-1 N in the semi-arid Brown and 0.008 kg N2O-N kg N-1 in the sub-humid Black soil zones of the Prairie region, and 0.017 kg N2O-N kg-1 N in the humid provinces of Quebec and Ontario. A function relating EFreg to the "precipitation to potential evapotranspiration" ratio was determined to estimate annual emission factors (EFeco) at the ecodistrict scale (≈ 150 000 ha) in all agricultural regions of Canada. Country-specific coefficients were also developed to account for the effect of several additional factors on soil N2O emissions. Emissions from fine-textured soils were estimated as being 50% greater than from coarse- and medium-textured soils in eastern Canada; emissions during winter and spring thaw corresponded to 40% of emissions during the snow-free season in eastern Canada; increased emissions from lower (wetter) sections of the landscape and irrigated areas were accounted for; emissions from no-till soils were 10% greater in eastern, but 20% lower in western Canada than from those under conventional tillage practices; emissions under summerfallow were estimated as being equal to those from soils under annual cropping. This country-specific methodology therefore accounts for regional climatic and land use impacts on N2O emission factors, and includes several sources/offsets that are not included in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default approach. Key words: Nitrous oxide, soils, greenhouse gases, inventory

Estimation of N2O emissions from agricultural soils in Canada. II. 1990–2005 inventory

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rochette ◽  
D E Worth ◽  
E C Huffman ◽  
J A Brierley ◽  
B G McConkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tier Ii ◽  
Tier I

International initiatives such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol require that countries conduct national inventories of their greenhouse gas emissions. The primary objective of the present study was to apply a country-specific (Tier II) methodology at the regional (≈150 000 ha) scale to estimate direct N2O emissions from agricultural soils in Canada for the period 1990–2005. Other N2O sources such as manure management and indirect emissions were estimated using the Tier I Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology and were included to provide a complete assessment of agricultural N2O emissions. Total N2O emissions from agricultural sources averaged 58.1 Gg N2O-N yr-1 between 1990 and 2005 (from 48.9 in 1990 to 71.6 Gg N2O-N yr-1 in 2004). Of these mean emissions, 39.3 Gg N2O-N yr-1 or 68% were direct emissions from soils, 8.7 Gg N2O-N yr-1 or 15% were direct emissions from animal waste management systems and 10.1 Gg N2O-N yr-1 or 17% were from indirect emissions. Application of synthetic N fertilizers was the largest direct source of soil N2O with average emissions during the inventory period of 13.7 Gg N2O-N yr-1 or 35% of direct emissions. Crop residues (9.3 Gg N2O-N yr-1; 24%), grazing animals (6.8 Gg N2O-N yr-1; 17%) and manure applied to soils (4.1 Gg N2O-N yr-1; 10%) were the other major direct soil N2O sources. New non-IPCC N2O sources/offsets included in the Tier II methodology accounted for 10% of total direct soil emissions. Emissions occurring during summerfallow (2.2 Gg N2O-N yr-1; 6%), in lower portions of the landscape (2.2 Gg N2O-N yr-1; 6%), and following irrigation (0.7 Gg N2O-N yr-1; 2%) were partially offset by changes in tillage practices (-1.2 Gg N2O-N yr-1; -3%) and in coarse-textured soils (-0.2 Gg N2O-N yr-1; -1%). Differences in N2O estimates between Tier I and Tier II approaches mainly arise from the use of lower fertilizer-induced emission factors in the dry Prairie region and the addition of several new N2O sources/offsets in the Tier II methodology. Key words: Nitrous oxide, soils, greenhouse gases, inventory

scholarly journals Mitigation of Climate Change by Nitrogen Managements in Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Inubushi ◽  
Miwa Yashima
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Rate Form ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Increase Crop Yield

Soil is one of the important sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is generally producing through soil microbial processes, such as nitrification and denitrification. Agricultural soils receive chemical and organic fertilizers to maintain or increase crop yield and soil fertility, but several factors are influencing N2O emissions, such as types and conditions of soil and fertilizer, and rate, form, and timing of application. Mitigation of N2O is a challenging topic for future earth by using inhibitors, controlled-release fertilizers, and other amendments, but the cost and side effects should be considered for feasibility.

scholarly journals A Study on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions Characteristics from Anthracite Circulating Fluidized Bed Power Plant in Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seehyung Lee ◽  
Jinsu Kim ◽  
Jeongwoo Lee ◽  
Eui-Chan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
To Come ◽  
Country Specific

In order to tackle climate change effectively, the greenhouse gas emissions produced in Korea should be assessed precisely. To do so, the nation needs to accumulate country-specific data reflecting the specific circumstances surrounding Korea’s emissions. This paper analyzed element contents of domestic anthracite, calorific value, and concentration of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the exhaust gases from circulating fluidized bed plant. The findings showed the concentration of CH4and N2O in the flue gas to be 1.85 and 3.25 ppm, respectively, and emission factors were 0.486 and 2.198 kg/TJ, respectively. The CH4emission factor in this paper was 52% lower than default emission factor presented by the IPCC. The N2O emission factor was estimated to be 46% higher than default emission factor presented by the IPCC. This discrepancy can be attributable to the different methods and conditions of combustion because the default emission factors suggested by IPCC take only fuel characteristics into consideration without combustion technologies. Therefore, Korea needs to facilitate research on a legion of fuel and energy consumption facilities to develop country-specific emission factors so that the nation can have a competitive edge in the international climate change convention in the years to come.

scholarly journals High Application Rates of Biochar to Mitigate N2O Emissions From a N-Fertilized Tropical Soil Under Warming Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana F. Rittl ◽  
Dener M. S. Oliveira ◽  
Luiza P. Canisares ◽  
Edvaldo Sagrilo ◽  
Klaus Butterbach-Bahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Potential ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
C Stocks

Biochar application has been suggested as a strategy to decrease nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils while increasing soil C stocks, especially in tropical regions. Climate change, specifically increasing temperatures, will affect soil environmental conditions and thereby directly influence soil N2O fluxes. Here, we show that Miscanthus giganteus biochar applied at high rates suppresses the typical warming-induced stimulation of N2O emissions. Specifically, in experiments with high biochar addition (25 Mg ha−1), N2O emissions under 40°C were equal to or even lower compared to those observed at 20°C. In this sense, the mitigation potential of biochar for N2O emissions might increase under the auspices of climate change.

scholarly journals Developing Country-Specific Methane Emission Factors and Carbon Fluxes from Enteric Fermentation in South Korean Dairy Cattle Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9133
Author(s):  
Ridha Ibidhi ◽  
Tae-Hoon Kim ◽  
Rajaraman Bharanidharan ◽  
Hyun-June Lee ◽  
Yoo-Kyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Cattle Farming ◽  
Country Specific

Dairy cattle farming contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through methane (CH4) from enteric fermentation. To complement global efforts to mitigate climate change, there is a need for accurate estimations of GHG emissions using country-specific emission factors (EFs). The objective of this study was to develop national EFs for the estimation of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in South Korean dairy cattle. Information on dairy cattle herd characteristics, diet, and management practices specific to South Korean dairy cattle farming was obtained. Enteric CH4 EFs were estimated according to the 2019 refinement of the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) using the Tier 2 approach. Three animal subcategories were considered according to age: milking cows >2 years, 650 kg body weight (BW); heifers 1–2 years, 473 kg BW; and growing animals <1 year, 167 kg BW. The estimated enteric CH4 EFs for milking cows, heifers, and growing animals, were 139, 83, and 33 kg/head/year, respectively. Currently, the Republic of Korea adopts the Tier 1 default enteric CH4 EFs from the North America region for GHG inventory reporting. Compared with the generic Tier 1 default EF of 138 (kg CH4/head/year) proposed by the 2019 refinement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines for high-milking cows, our suggested value for milking cows was very similar (139 kg CH4 /head/year) and different to heifers and growing animals EFs. In addition, enteric CH4 EFs were strongly correlated with the feed digestibility, level of milk production, and CH4 conversion rate. The adoption of the newly developed EFs for dairy cattle in the next national GHG inventory would lead to a potential total GHG reduction from the South Korean dairy sector of 97,000 tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent per year (8%). The outcome of this study underscores the importance of obtaining country-specific EFs to estimate national enteric CH4 emissions, which can further support the assessment of mitigation actions.

scholarly journals Estimation of Forest Carbon Stocks for National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Reporting in South Korea

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Lee ◽  
Jong Yim ◽  
Yeong Son ◽  
Yowhan Son ◽  
Raehyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Inventory Systems ◽  
Co2 Removal ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventory ◽  
Country Specific

The development of country-specific emission factors in relation to the Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector has the potential to improve national greenhouse gas inventory systems. Forests are carbon sinks in the AFOLU that can play an important role in mitigating global climate change. According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), signatory countries must report forest carbon stocks, and the changes within them, using emission factors from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) or from country-specific values. This study was conducted to estimate forests carbon stocks and to complement and improve the accuracy of national greenhouse gas inventory reporting in South Korea. We developed country-specific emissions factors and estimated carbon stocks and their changes using the different approaches and methods described by the IPCC (IPCCEF: IPCC default emission factors, CSFT: country-specific emission factors by forest type, and CSSP: country-specific emission factors by species). CSFT returned a result for carbon stocks that was 1.2 times higher than the value using IPCCEF. Using CSSP, CO2 removal was estimated to be 60,648 Gg CO2 per year with an uncertainty of 22%. Despite a reduction in total forest area, forests continued to store carbon and absorb CO2, owing to differences in the carbon storage capacities of different forest types and tree species. The results of this study will aid estimations of carbon stock changes and CO2 removal by forest type or species, and help to improve the completeness and accuracy of the national greenhouse gas inventory. Furthermore, our results provide important information for developing countries implementing Tier 2, the level national greenhouse gas inventory systems recommended by the IPCC.

scholarly journals Estimation of N2O Emissions from Agricultural Soils and Determination of Nitrogen Leakage

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Kristína Tonhauzer ◽  
Peter Tonhauzer ◽  
Janka Szemesová ◽  
Bernard Šiška
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Ipcc Guidelines ◽  
High Fraction

Leaching of nitrogen from the soil is a natural but unfavorable effect that generates N2O emissions. Exact quantification of nitrogen leakage is a challenging process. Intensive leakage occurs mainly when the soil is without vegetation and under specific climatic conditions. This paper aims to quantify the amount of nitrogen leakage from arable land and grassland, and to estimate N2O emissions in 2017. Estimating the country-specific fraction of leached nitrogen (FracLEACH) is important for the emission balance from this source. Emissions are underestimated when the fraction is low; on the contrary, a high fraction causes overestimation. The internationally recognized fraction is 30%, according to the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Control (IPCC) Guidelines. This factor represents the fraction of nitrogen losses compared to total nitrogen inputs and sources. In this study, we analyzed the effects of climatic conditions on agricultural soils in Slovakia to evaluate the area of nitrogen loss through leaching.

scholarly journals Climate risk in maize crop in the northeastern of Brazil based on climate change scenarios

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1176-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente de P. R. da Silva ◽  
João H. B. da C. Campos ◽  
Madson T. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Crop Coefficients

This study evaluates the impacts of climate change on the agricultural zoning of climatic risk in maize crop cultivated in the Northeastern of Brazil, based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports. The water balance model, combined with geospatial technologies, was used to identify areas of the study region where the crops could suffer yield restrictions due to climate change. The data used in the study were the time series of rainfall with at least 30 years of daily data, crop coefficients, potential evapotranspiration and duration of the crop cycle. The scenarios of the increasing of air temperature used in the simulations were of 1.5ºC, 3ºC and 5ºC. The sowing date of maize crop from January to March appears to be less affected by warming scenarios than the sowing in November and December or April and May.

Testing the DNDC model using N2O emissions at two experimental sites in Canada

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
W N Smith ◽  
R L Desjardins ◽  
B. Grant ◽  
C. Li ◽  
R. Lemke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Ipcc Methodology ◽  
Key Words Nitrous Oxide

Measured data from two experimental sites in Canada were used to test the ability of the DeNitrification and DeComposition model (DNDC) to predict N2O emissions from agricultural soils. The two sites, one from eastern Canada, and one from western Canada, provided a variety of crops, management practices, soils, and climates for testing the model. At the site in eastern Canada, the magnitude of total seasonal N2O flux from the seven treatments was accurately predicted with a slight average over-prediction (ARE) of 3% and a coefficient of variation of 41%. Nitrous oxide emissions based on International Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) methodology had a relative error of 62% for the seven treatments. The DNDC estimates of total yearly emissions of N2O from the field site in western Canada showed an underestimation of 8% for the footslope landscape position and an overestimation of 46% for the shoulder position. The data input for the DNDC model were not of sufficient detail to characterize the moisture difference between the landscape positions. The estimates from IPCC guidelines showed an underestimation of 54% for the footslope and an overestimation of 161% for the shoulder. The results indicate that the DNDC model was more accurate than IPCC methodology at estimating N2O emissions at both sites. Key words: Nitrous oxide, DNDC, soil model, greenhouse gas, testing

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