scholarly journals Developing Country-Specific Methane Emission Factors and Carbon Fluxes from Enteric Fermentation in South Korean Dairy Cattle Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9133
Author(s):  
Ridha Ibidhi ◽  
Tae-Hoon Kim ◽  
Rajaraman Bharanidharan ◽  
Hyun-June Lee ◽  
Yoo-Kyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Cattle Farming ◽  
Country Specific

Dairy cattle farming contributes significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through methane (CH4) from enteric fermentation. To complement global efforts to mitigate climate change, there is a need for accurate estimations of GHG emissions using country-specific emission factors (EFs). The objective of this study was to develop national EFs for the estimation of CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in South Korean dairy cattle. Information on dairy cattle herd characteristics, diet, and management practices specific to South Korean dairy cattle farming was obtained. Enteric CH4 EFs were estimated according to the 2019 refinement of the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) using the Tier 2 approach. Three animal subcategories were considered according to age: milking cows >2 years, 650 kg body weight (BW); heifers 1–2 years, 473 kg BW; and growing animals <1 year, 167 kg BW. The estimated enteric CH4 EFs for milking cows, heifers, and growing animals, were 139, 83, and 33 kg/head/year, respectively. Currently, the Republic of Korea adopts the Tier 1 default enteric CH4 EFs from the North America region for GHG inventory reporting. Compared with the generic Tier 1 default EF of 138 (kg CH4/head/year) proposed by the 2019 refinement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines for high-milking cows, our suggested value for milking cows was very similar (139 kg CH4 /head/year) and different to heifers and growing animals EFs. In addition, enteric CH4 EFs were strongly correlated with the feed digestibility, level of milk production, and CH4 conversion rate. The adoption of the newly developed EFs for dairy cattle in the next national GHG inventory would lead to a potential total GHG reduction from the South Korean dairy sector of 97,000 tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent per year (8%). The outcome of this study underscores the importance of obtaining country-specific EFs to estimate national enteric CH4 emissions, which can further support the assessment of mitigation actions.

scholarly journals 219 Developing country specific enteric methane emission factor of the South Korean dairy cattle production using the 2019 refined IPCC Tier 2 methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 157-157
Author(s):  
Tae Hoon Kim ◽  
Ridha Ibidhi ◽  
Yoo-Gyung Lee ◽  
Hyun.June Lee ◽  
Kyoung Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Dairy cattle farming was identified as an important source of enteric methane (CH4) emissions. In order to contribute to the improvement of the national greenhouse gas emission inventory, this work aims to develop emission factors (EF) for CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation in dairy cattle in South Korea. Information on dairy cattle herd characteristics, diet and management practices specific to the Korean dairy cattle population were gathered. EF was estimated according to the 2019 refinement to the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) using the Tier 2 approach. Three animal subcategories were considered: milking cows (650 kg body weight, BW), heifers 1~2 years (473 kg BW) and growing animals &lt; 1 year (167 kg BW). The estimated enteric CH4 EFs for milking cows, heifers 1~2 years, growing animal &lt; 1 year, were 139, 83 and 33 kg/head/year, respectively. South Korea adopted the Tier 1 default enteric CH4 EFs for GHG inventory reporting from the North America region. Compared with the generic Tier 1 default EF of 138 kg CH4/head/year proposed by the 2019 refinement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines for high milking cows, our suggested value is quite similar (139 kg CH4/ head/year). While enteric CH4 EFs values were 23% higher and 49% lower for heifers and growing animals &lt; one year than Tier 1 default EFs values, respectively. In addition, enteric CH4 EF is highly correlated with the level of milk production, feed intake and digestibility and methane conversion factor (%Ym). The outcome of this study underscores the importance of obtaining country-specific EF to estimate national enteric CH4 emissions. Thus, this work is a step forward in the revision of dairy cattle enteric CH4 EF and can further support assessment of mitigation strategies in South Korean livestock farming systems.

Estimates of enteric methane emissions from cattle in Canada using the IPCC Tier-2 methodology

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Ominski ◽  
D. A. Boadi ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg ◽  
D. L. Fulawka ◽  
J. A. Basarab
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Tier 1 ◽  
Enteric Methane

The objective of this study was to estimate enteric methane (CH4) emissions of the Canadian cattle population using the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier-2 methodology. Estimates were then compared with IPCC Tier-1 methodology and data from Canadian research studies (CRS). Animal inventory data for the Canadian beef and dairy cattle herd was obtained from Statistics Canada. Information on cattle performance and feeding practices were obtained from provincial cattle specialists via a survey, as well as various published reports. Methane emissions from dairy and beef cattle in Canada for 2001 were 173 030 t yr-1 or 3.6 Mt CO2 eq. and 763 852 t yr-1 or 16.0 Mt CO2 eq., respectively, using Tier-2 methodology. Emissions for dairy cattle ranged from 708 t yr-1 in Newfoundland to 62 184 t yr-1 in Ontario. Emissions for beef cattle ranged from 191 t yr-1 in Newfoundland to 356 345 t yr-1 in Alberta. The national emission factors (kg CH4 yr-1) using IPCC Tier-2 were 73, 126, 90, 94, 40, 75, 63 and 56 for dairy heifers, dairy cows, beef cows, bulls, calves < 1yr, beef heifer replacements, heifers > 1 yr, and steers > 1yr, respectively. Emission factors (kg CH4 yr-1) for the above classes of cattle using IPCC Tier-1 were 56, 118, 72, 75, 47, 56, 47 and 47, respectively. The values were 15.1% higher to 25.3% lower than those obtained using IPCC Tier-2 methodology. When IPCC Tier-2 emission factors were compared with CRS, they were 12.3% lower to 32.6% higher than those obtained using the Tier-2 methodology. In conclusion, national estimates of enteric emissions from the Canadian cattle industry using Tier-1 and Tier-2 methodologies, as well as CRS, differ depending on the methodology used. Tier-2 methodology does allow for the inclusion of information other than population data, including feeding strategies, as well as duration of time in a given production environment. Additional research is required to establish the extent to which feed energy is converted to methane for those production scenarios for which there is no published data. Key words: IPCC Tier-2, IPCC Tier-1, enteric fermentation, cattle, methane, emission factor, methane conversion rate

scholarly journals Climate change-related risks and adaptation strategies as perceived in dairy cattle farming systems in Tunisia

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajer Amamou ◽  
Mohsen Ben Sassi ◽  
Hatem Aouadi ◽  
Hichem Khemiri ◽  
Mokhtar Mahouachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Cattle Farming

scholarly journals Methane emission factors for enteric fermentation in beef cattle using IPCC Tier-2 method in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeni Widiawati ◽  
M.N. Rofiq ◽  
B. Tiesnamurti
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Methane Emission ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Country Specific

<p class="abstrak2">Methane emission from enteric is a sub-category considered under the Agriculture sector greenhouse gas emissions by UNFCCC, thus Indonesia developed calculation on enteric CH<sub>4</sub> EF for ruminant using Tier-2 method as country-specific emission factors (EF). Indonesia has huge amount of beef cattle population, which contributes significant amount to national enteric methane emission. The aim of this study was to estimate enteric methane EF for beef cattle in Indonesia using IPCC Tier-2 method.  The EF generated from this study is then used to estimate the methane emitted from beef cattle. Data on beef cattle population was obtained from BPS, data on energy content of feed, feed intake and digestibility were compiled from laboratory analysis and published paper. Equations were adopted and followed the instruction of IPCC 2006. Local cattle has different CH<sub>4</sub> EF among each sub-category, which are  ranging from 18.18 to 55.89 Kg head-1 yr-1, with the average of 36.75  head-1 yr-1. Imported beef cattle has lower  CH<sub>4</sub> EF (25.49 kg head-1 yr-1) than the average for local beef cattle. Overall, the national CH<sub>4</sub> EF of beef cattle calculated by using IPCC Tier-2 method in Indonesia is 33.14 head-1 yr-1. The value is lower than default EF from IPCC for Asia country (47 kg head-1 yr-1). The conclusion is enteric CH<sub>4</sub> EF for beef cattle in Indonesia calculated using Tier-2 method shows the real livestock system in Indonesia condition. Further research needed to be addressed are calculation of EFs for various breeds and feeding systems, since large variations of breeds and types of feed among provinces in Indonesia.</p>

scholarly journals Mitigation of CH4 emissions in sanitary landfills: An efficient technological arrangement to reduce Greenhouse gas emission.

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e90
Author(s):  
Henrique Rossi Otto ◽  
José Carlos de Jesus Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Sanitary Landfills ◽  
The City ◽  
Technological Model

Problems related to the solid waste have been shown a relevant subject, by contributing to global warming and climate change. The MSW is one of the main sources of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions, especially the methane gas (CH4). Towards this concern, the general objective of this research is to estimate CH4 emissions produced at the Dom Antonio Barbosa II Sanitary Landfill, situated in the City of Campo Grande, state of MS. Its aim, specifically, is to verify the gravimetric composition of these residues, as well as measure the amount of the MSW already existing and also the volume placed in the mentioned sanitary landfill. The CH4 emissions were estimated in an accumulated total of 2,364,556.28 tCO2eq. It was obtained a total reduction of 1,479,693.87 tCO2eq by methane burning, transforming it into CO2, thus it was possible mitigating the emissions of 62.65% of CH4 generated in DAB II landfill. It is expected that the results from this research contribute to the attenuation of the problems related to the MSW impact on the environment, as well as reflect on the effectiveness of the current adopted technological model.

scholarly journals Effect of Manure from Cattle Fed 3-Nitrooxypropanol on Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions Depends on Soil Type

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Tien L. Weber ◽  
Xiying Hao ◽  
Cole D. Gross ◽  
Karen A. Beauchemin ◽  
Scott X. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Enteric Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Gray Luvisol

Cattle production is a large source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the Canadian livestock sector. Efforts to reduce CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation have led to modifications of diet composition for livestock, resulting in a corresponding change in manure properties. We studied the effect of applying manure from cattle fed a barley-based diet with and without the methane inhibitor supplement, 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), on soil GHG emissions. Three soils common to Alberta, Canada, were used: a Black Chernozem, a Dark Brown Chernozem, and a Gray Luvisol. We compared the supplemented (3-NOPM) and non-supplemented manure (BM) amendments to a composted 3-NOPM (3-NOPC) amendment and a control with no manure amendment (CK). In an 84-day laboratory incubation experiment, 3-NOPM had significantly lower cumulative CO2 emissions compared to BM in both the Black Chernozem and Gray Luvisol. The cumulative N2O emissions were lowest for 3-NOPC and CK and highest for 3-NOPM across all soil types. Cumulative CH4 emissions were only affected by soil type, with a net positive flux from the fine-textured Gray Luvisol and Dark Brown Chernozem and a net negative flux from the coarse-textured Black Chernozem. Cumulative anthropogenic GHG emissions (CO2-equivalent) from soil amended with 3-NOPM were significantly higher than those for both BM and CK amendments in the Black Chernozem, while the cumulative anthropogenic GHG emissions from the 3-NOPC treatment were similar to or significantly lower than those for the BM and CK treatments across all soil types. We conclude that soil GHG emissions resulting from the 3-NOPM amendment are dependent on soil type and 3-NOPM could potentially increase soil GHG emissions compared to BM or CK. Although we show that the composting of 3-NOPM prior to soil application can reduce soil GHG emissions, the composting process also releases GHGs, which should also be considered in assessing the life-cycle of manure application. Our results provide a first look at the potential effect of the next stage in the life cycle of 3-NOP on GHG emissions. Further research related to the effect of soil properties, particularly in field studies, is needed to assess the best management practices related to the use of manure from cattle-fed diets supplemented with 3-NOP as a soil amendment.

scholarly journals Non-Sewered Sanitation Systems’ Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Balancing Sustainable Development Goal Tradeoffs to End Open Defecation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11884
Author(s):  
Kelsey Shaw ◽  
Christopher Kennedy ◽  
Caetano C. Dorea
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Sanitation Systems

Discharge of excreta into the environment and the use of decentralized sanitation technologies, such as septic tanks, pit latrines and ecological sanitation variants (i.e., container-based sanitation), contribute to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions but have remained poorly quantified. The purpose of this analysis was to investigate the impacts that meeting Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.2 (i.e., ending open defecation by 2030) would have on SDG 13 (i.e., combatting climate impacts). The current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change GHG estimation methodology was used as the basis for calculations in this analysis, augmented with improved emission factors from collected data sets for all types of on-site sanitation infrastructure. Specifically, this assessment focused on the three different service levels of sanitation (i.e., improved, unimproved and no service) as defined by UNICEF and WHO as they pertain to three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. This analysis considered the 100-year global warming potential values in carbon dioxide equivalents of methane and nitrous oxide that can be emitted for each scenario and decentralized sanitation technology. Ultimately, six scenarios were developed for various combinations of pathways and sanitation technologies. There was significant variability between the scenarios, with results ranging from 68 Tg CO2eq/year to 7 TgCO2eq/year. The main contributors of GHG emissions in each scenario were demonstrated to be septic tank systems and pit latrines, although in scenarios that utilized improved emission factors (EFs) these emissions were significantly reduced compared with those using only standard IPCC EFs. This analysis demonstrated that using improved EFs reduced estimated GHG emissions within each SSP scenario by 53% on average. The results indicate that achieving SDG sanitation targets will ultimately increase GHG emissions from the current state but with a relatively small impact on total anthropogenic emissions. There is a need for the continued improvement and collection of field-based emission estimations to refine coarse scale emissions models as well as a better characterization of relevant biodegradation mechanisms in popular forms of on-site sanitation systems. An increase in the understanding of sanitation and climate change linkages among stakeholders will ultimately lead to a better inclusion of sanitation, and other basic human rights, in climate action goals.

Estimation of N2O emissions from agricultural soils in Canada. I. Development of a country-specific methodology

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Rochette ◽  
D E Worth ◽  
R L Lemke ◽  
B G McConkey ◽  
D J Pennock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Land Use Impacts ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Country Specific

International initiatives such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol require that countries calculate national inventories of their greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of the present study was to develop a country-specific (Tier II) methodology to calculate the inventory of N2O emissions from agricultural soils in Canada. Regional fertilizer-induced emission factors (EFreg) were first determined using available field experimental data. Values for EFreg were 0.0016 kg N2O-N kg-1 N in the semi-arid Brown and 0.008 kg N2O-N kg N-1 in the sub-humid Black soil zones of the Prairie region, and 0.017 kg N2O-N kg-1 N in the humid provinces of Quebec and Ontario. A function relating EFreg to the "precipitation to potential evapotranspiration" ratio was determined to estimate annual emission factors (EFeco) at the ecodistrict scale (≈ 150 000 ha) in all agricultural regions of Canada. Country-specific coefficients were also developed to account for the effect of several additional factors on soil N2O emissions. Emissions from fine-textured soils were estimated as being 50% greater than from coarse- and medium-textured soils in eastern Canada; emissions during winter and spring thaw corresponded to 40% of emissions during the snow-free season in eastern Canada; increased emissions from lower (wetter) sections of the landscape and irrigated areas were accounted for; emissions from no-till soils were 10% greater in eastern, but 20% lower in western Canada than from those under conventional tillage practices; emissions under summerfallow were estimated as being equal to those from soils under annual cropping. This country-specific methodology therefore accounts for regional climatic and land use impacts on N2O emission factors, and includes several sources/offsets that are not included in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) default approach. Key words: Nitrous oxide, soils, greenhouse gases, inventory

scholarly journals A Study on Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions Characteristics from Anthracite Circulating Fluidized Bed Power Plant in Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seehyung Lee ◽  
Jinsu Kim ◽  
Jeongwoo Lee ◽  
Eui-Chan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
To Come ◽  
Country Specific

In order to tackle climate change effectively, the greenhouse gas emissions produced in Korea should be assessed precisely. To do so, the nation needs to accumulate country-specific data reflecting the specific circumstances surrounding Korea’s emissions. This paper analyzed element contents of domestic anthracite, calorific value, and concentration of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in the exhaust gases from circulating fluidized bed plant. The findings showed the concentration of CH4and N2O in the flue gas to be 1.85 and 3.25 ppm, respectively, and emission factors were 0.486 and 2.198 kg/TJ, respectively. The CH4emission factor in this paper was 52% lower than default emission factor presented by the IPCC. The N2O emission factor was estimated to be 46% higher than default emission factor presented by the IPCC. This discrepancy can be attributable to the different methods and conditions of combustion because the default emission factors suggested by IPCC take only fuel characteristics into consideration without combustion technologies. Therefore, Korea needs to facilitate research on a legion of fuel and energy consumption facilities to develop country-specific emission factors so that the nation can have a competitive edge in the international climate change convention in the years to come.

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