Strict maternal inheritance of RAPD fingerprints confirms apomixis in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Grattapaglia ◽  
Cynthia Costa e Silva ◽  
Nagib M. A. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Rapd Fingerprints

Undisputed molecular evidence for apomixis in cassava is presented. Based on genome sampling with 130 RAPD markers we confirmed apomixis for one offspring of a cassava clone derived from an interspecific hybrid. The probability that complete uniformity in RAPD fingerprints between mother and offspring occurred by chance was < 10−5. Key words: Apomixis, cassava, Manihot esculenta, random amplified polymorphic DNA

scholarly journals Molecular and embryonic evidence of apomixis in cassava interspecific hybrids (Manihot spp.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagib M. A. Nassar ◽  
Marco Andre Vieira ◽  
Clibas Vieira ◽  
Dario Grattapaglia
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Wild Relative

In cassava, apomixis could fix hetereozygosity and prevent the transmission of systemic pathogens which complicate vegetative propagation of the crop. Evidence from maternal inheritance of RAPD markers and the structure of the embryonic sac in large progeny sets of two distinct genotypes have further confirmed that apomixis occurs in cassava. Here, we have built on an earlier report of apomixis in cassava in four ways (1) we estimated the rate of faculative apomixis in the range of 2% (2) we detected the occurrence of apomixis in a second genotype, derived form a different interspecific cross; (3) apomictic behavior was demonstrated in an F1 individual and (4) embryonic evidence showed that the mode of apomixis is aposporic. Since apomixis was detected in an F1 interspecific hybrid it is possible that genes for apomixis could be transferred directly to cultivated cassava from a wild relative. Key words: Cassava, interspecific hybrid

Cytogenetic behaviour of the interspecific hybrid of Manihot neusana Nassar and cassava, M. esculenta Crantz, and its backcross progeny

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Nagib Nassar ◽  
Nagib M. A. Nassar ◽  
Clibas Vieira ◽  
Luiz S. Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Maternal Plant ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Meiotic Restitution ◽  
Pollen Formation

An interspecific hybrid between cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, and M. neusana Nassar and the backcrossed progenies was examined meiotically and mitotically. The F1 hybrid showed irregular meiosis due to unpaired chromosomes. The backcrossed progeny ranged in fertility from 17.7 to 35.8%. Meiotic restitution was also observed in all of the hybrids. Diploid pollen formation also occurred and ranged from 0.6 to 1.6%. Irregular meiosis among the F1 hybrid produced aneuploidy in backcrossed progeny. When the F1 hybrid was used as the maternal plant in backcrosses with cassava, this improved seed setting in the BC1 progenies, whereas the reciprocal backcross produced sterile progenies. Key words: Wild species, meiotic restitution, aneuploidy, diploid gamete

ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF 26 CASSAVA VARIETIES (Manihot esculenta CRANTZ) WITH DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO WATERLOGGING CONDITIONS BY USING RAPD MARKERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-179
Author(s):  
Sengsoulichan Dethvongsa ◽  
Vu Nguyen Anh ◽  
Van Tran Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Flood Tolerance ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Cassava Varieties

RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) is an indicator for high and stable polymorphism, widely used in the study of the diversity of cassava. In this paper, the results of using 20 polymorphic primers OPK combined with the establishment of the phylogenetic tree to analyze the genetic diversity of 26 cassava varieties with different responses to waterlogging conditions by using the RAPD-PCR technique were presented. The purpose of this experiment was to show the genetic relevance of the studied cassava varieties. The results showed that the flood tolerance of cassava was not related to the polymorphism and branching characteristics of the stem. This information may be use as a basis for selecting flood-tolerant cassava varieties for cassava production, as well as the basis for selecting genetically different parents for breeding.

scholarly journals Phenotype Instability in Botrytis cinerea in the Absence of Benzimidazole and Dicarboximide Fungicides

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Yourman ◽  
S. N. Jeffers ◽  
R. A. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rapd Marker ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Multiple Generations ◽  
Rapd Fingerprints ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Conidium Germination

Stability of phenotypes of isolates of Botrytis cinerea that were sensitive or resistant to benzimidazole and dicarboximide fungicides was examined in the absence of fungicides in laboratory and growth room experiments. Twelve greenhouse isolates of B. cinerea were subcultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for 20 generations and on geranium seedlings for 15 generations. Three isolates of each of the following four phenotypes were used: sensitive to the fungicides thiophanate-methy1 (a benzimidazole) and vinclozolin (a dicarboximide) (STSV), resistant to both fungicides (RTRV), resistant to thiophanate-methy1 and sensitive to vinclozolin (RTSV), and sensitive to thiophanate-methy1 and resistant to vinclozolin (STRV). In three trials on PDA, 36 populations were subcultured; 8 populations changed phenotypes by the end of 20 generations, as determined by conidium germination on fungicide-amended medium. Five of the eight initially were STRV; the resulting phenotypes were STSV, RTSV, and RTRV. Populations from eight other isolates exhibited temporary changes in phenotype during intermediate generations on PDA but reverted to initial phenotypes by the twentieth generation; five of these populations changed to phenotype RTRV. In two geranium seedling trials, each of the 12 greenhouse isolates was inoculated onto a set of three seedlings for each generation, and diseased tissue that developed was used to initiate the next generation. Therefore, a total of 72 populations of B. cinerea were subcultured in the two trials; 5 of these populations changed phenotype at the end of 15 generations. Three of the five initially were STRV; these changed to phenotypes STSV or RTRV. In each of the two trials on geranium seedlings, a population subcultured from one STSV isolate changed phenotype one to phenotype RTRV and one to phenotype RTSV. In all trials, no population resistant to thiophanate-methy1 changed to a thiophanate-methy1-sensitive phenotype, and no population changed to phenotype STRV. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprints were generated with the 12 initial isolates and 49 isolates subcultured on PDA or geranium seedlings. Cluster analyses of RAPD markers showed that subcultured isolates exhibiting the same phenotype clustered together and that subcultured isolates derived from a common greenhouse isolate but with different phenotypes were in different clusters. Some populations that did not change phenotype exhibited considerable differences in RAPD marker patterns. The results of this study indicate that, in the absence of fungicides, sensitive populations of B. cinerea can develop resistance to thiophanate-methy1 and vinclozolin, and this resistance can be maintained in populations through multiple generations. Populations resistant only to vinclozolin (STRV) exhibited a high frequency of phenotype change, and populations resistant to both fungicides (RTRV) were stable.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity characterization of cassava cultivars (Manihot esculenta Crantz).: I) RAPD markers

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Colombo ◽  
Gérard Second ◽  
Tereza Losada Valle ◽  
André Charrier
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Important Resource ◽  
Flour Production

RAPD markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity of 31 Brazilian cassava clones. The results were compared with the genetic diversity revealed by botanical descriptors. Both sets of variates revealed identical relationships among the cultivars. Multivariate analysis of genetic similarities placed genotypes destinated for consumption "in nature" in one group, and cultivars useful for flour production in another. Brazil’s abundance of landraces presents a broad dispersion and is consequently an important resource of genetic variability. The botanical descriptors were not able to differentiate thirteen pairs of cultivars compared two-by-two, while only one was not differentiated by RAPD markers. These results showed the power of RAPD markers over botanical descriptors in studying genetic diversity, identifying duplicates, as well as validating, or improving a core collection. The latter is particularly important in this vegetatively propagated crop.

Inheritance of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocio Gomez ◽  
Fernando Angel ◽  
Merideth W. Bonierbale ◽  
Fernando Rodriguez ◽  
Joseph Tohme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Genetic Segregation ◽  
Molecular Genetic Map ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hybrid Clones

The informativeness and inheritance of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were investigated in an intraspecific F1 progeny derived from two heterozygous parents. The analysis confirmed the utility of RAPD markers for comparing candidate parents for the development of a molecular genetic map, and provided numerous markers for linkage analysis in a crop with a very limited history of classical or molecular genetic studies. Six potential parental lines (themselves F1 hybrid clones) showed between 1.82 and 0.62 segregating bands per primer in three hybrid families. Forty-three percent (309) of 722 primers produced polymorphic products in the most informative of these three crosses, revealing 328 single-dose (SD) markers segregating 1:1 for presence/absence in a progeny of 90 individuals. A second class of informative markers were those present in both parents but segregating in the progeny. Fifty-seven or 67% of the monomorphic but segregating markers exhibited the 3:1 ratio expected for SD dominant markers in a cross between heterozygotes. Linkage groups were constructed from the segregation of SD RAPD markers originating in the female (TMS 30572) and the male (CM2177-2) parent. Key words : RAPDs, molecular markers, genetic segregation, Manihot, single-dose markers.

Evaluation of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) germplasm collections using RAPD markers

Euphytica ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 74-74 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Marmey ◽  
John R. Beeching ◽  
Serge Hamon ◽  
Andr� Charrier
Keyword(s):  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Germplasm Collections

scholarly journals Perbaikan Pakan Kambing Bligon Menggunakan Daun Ketela sebagai Suplemen (Feed Improvement of Bligon Goats Diet Using Cassava Leaf as Supplement)

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kustantinah (Kustantinah) ◽  
Arif Nur Wibowo ◽  
Hari Hartadi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Conventional Diet ◽  
Wet Condition

<p>Agricultural by-product, especially from cassava plants, can be found easily at all over Indonesia. Parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plant that can be used for animal feed are leaves, stem covering, tuber (in dry or<br />wet condition, with or without skin). Cassava leaves cannot be used freely as animal feed, because of the persistence of anti-quality, i.e. Cyanide Acid (HCN) and tannin substance. Cassava leaves can be found easily in the dry season, when<br />generally the presence of forage as ruminant’s diet is so limited. This research had to be done to observe potency of cassava leaves as supplement for Bligon goat’s diet. This research used 24 mature early pregnant Bligon goats. The<br />goat divided into 3 treatments, those are : K as Control Diet (conventional diet which usually be given by the farmers); T1 or Treatment 1 (Control Diet+300 g cassava leaves); and T2 or Treatment 2 (Control Diet+260 g cassava<br />leaves+200 dried cassava tuber). The result showed that cassava leaves supplementation increased EE and TDN consumption. From total consumption, cassava leaves and dried cassava tuber increased DM, OM, CP, EE, and TDN<br />digestibility, but reduced CF digestibility. The effect of anti-coccidia didn’t appear optimally which shown by there was no significant differences of the amount of coccidian oocyste in the goat feces. However, the amount of coccidian<br />oocyste in the feces reduced (1666.67 on the T1 and 2500 on the T2) as compare to those on the K (5000).</p><p>(Key words: Bligon Goat, Cassava leaves, Feed Supplement, Coccidiostat)<br /><br /></p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document