Cytogenetic behaviour of the interspecific hybrid of Manihot neusana Nassar and cassava, M. esculenta Crantz, and its backcross progeny

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Nagib Nassar ◽  
Nagib M. A. Nassar ◽  
Clibas Vieira ◽  
Luiz S. Saraiva

An interspecific hybrid between cassava, Manihot esculenta Crantz, and M. neusana Nassar and the backcrossed progenies was examined meiotically and mitotically. The F1 hybrid showed irregular meiosis due to unpaired chromosomes. The backcrossed progeny ranged in fertility from 17.7 to 35.8%. Meiotic restitution was also observed in all of the hybrids. Diploid pollen formation also occurred and ranged from 0.6 to 1.6%. Irregular meiosis among the F1 hybrid produced aneuploidy in backcrossed progeny. When the F1 hybrid was used as the maternal plant in backcrosses with cassava, this improved seed setting in the BC1 progenies, whereas the reciprocal backcross produced sterile progenies. Key words: Wild species, meiotic restitution, aneuploidy, diploid gamete

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Grattapaglia ◽  
Cynthia Costa e Silva ◽  
Nagib M. A. Nassar

Undisputed molecular evidence for apomixis in cassava is presented. Based on genome sampling with 130 RAPD markers we confirmed apomixis for one offspring of a cassava clone derived from an interspecific hybrid. The probability that complete uniformity in RAPD fingerprints between mother and offspring occurred by chance was < 10−5. Key words: Apomixis, cassava, Manihot esculenta, random amplified polymorphic DNA


1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagib M. A. Nassar

Apomixis provides fixation of heterosis and avoids contamination of seedlings by diseases. Observations on offspring uniformity for selected morphological characteristics and use of a marker gene in controlled crosses produced facultative apomictic lines in cassava. Cytogenetic analysis showed apomixis occurrence to be associated with aneuploidy and interspecific hybridization. Key words: Wild species, aneuploidy, interspecific hybridization


2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kustantinah (Kustantinah) ◽  
Arif Nur Wibowo ◽  
Hari Hartadi

<p>Agricultural by-product, especially from cassava plants, can be found easily at all over Indonesia. Parts of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plant that can be used for animal feed are leaves, stem covering, tuber (in dry or<br />wet condition, with or without skin). Cassava leaves cannot be used freely as animal feed, because of the persistence of anti-quality, i.e. Cyanide Acid (HCN) and tannin substance. Cassava leaves can be found easily in the dry season, when<br />generally the presence of forage as ruminant’s diet is so limited. This research had to be done to observe potency of cassava leaves as supplement for Bligon goat’s diet. This research used 24 mature early pregnant Bligon goats. The<br />goat divided into 3 treatments, those are : K as Control Diet (conventional diet which usually be given by the farmers); T1 or Treatment 1 (Control Diet+300 g cassava leaves); and T2 or Treatment 2 (Control Diet+260 g cassava<br />leaves+200 dried cassava tuber). The result showed that cassava leaves supplementation increased EE and TDN consumption. From total consumption, cassava leaves and dried cassava tuber increased DM, OM, CP, EE, and TDN<br />digestibility, but reduced CF digestibility. The effect of anti-coccidia didn’t appear optimally which shown by there was no significant differences of the amount of coccidian oocyste in the goat feces. However, the amount of coccidian<br />oocyste in the feces reduced (1666.67 on the T1 and 2500 on the T2) as compare to those on the K (5000).</p><p>(Key words: Bligon Goat, Cassava leaves, Feed Supplement, Coccidiostat)<br /><br /></p>


1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269
Author(s):  
R. Médard ◽  
R. Miesch

The shape of the leaf blade of each lobe is progressively settled in. First, the midvein separates two lateral areas with equivalent mitotic potentialities. In each of these lateral areas, these potentialities, which at first are evenly spread out, are then concentrated only in the basal part, which will be referred to as the leaf blade generative center. Great regulation potentialities are maintained in these centers throughout their duration, i.e., over three plastochrons. Cellular clusters, which will progressively differentiate and correlatively lose their abilities to regulate, arise from generative centers toward an apical direction. The evenness of the lamina edge is linked with the wholeness of the generative centers. Any subdivision of any one of these centers will generate a lobule, which, in turn, will behave as a miniature lobe. The subdivision occurs as a result of cutting but can also be achieved by application of exogenous cytokinin. The physiological and biochemical mediums of mitotic potentialities are still to be found. It is the same for the way the cytokinins act. Key words: cassava, leaf blade, morphogenesis, cytokinin.


1996 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Conicella ◽  
G. Genualdo ◽  
A. Errico ◽  
L. Frusciante ◽  
L. M. Monti

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabel Aparecida Soares ◽  
Mauro Sérgio Téo ◽  
Carlise DEBASTIANI ◽  
Suzymeire BARONI ◽  
Vanessa Silva RETUCI

O trabalho teve por objetivo verificar diferenças entre rendimento do concentrado proteico e proteína bruta da folha da mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtidos a partir de três variedades comerciais: branca, cascuda e vermelha. As manivas foram plantadas seguindo o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três repetições. Nas comparações entre as variedades, considerou coletas escalonadas pós-plantio, realizadas aos 12, 14 e 16 meses. O concentrado proteico foi obtido a partir da farinha das folhas inteiras e submetido ao método de termo - coagulação ácido e a proteína bruta pelo método padrão AOAC. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e comparados pelo teste de Tukey - 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados não indicaram diferença significativa entre as médias obtidas para rendimento de concentrado proteico. Para a variável porcentagem de proteína bruta a variedade Branca foi a que apresentou maior valor, com média de 46,25%, seguida pela Cascuda e Vermelha, 44,52% e 37,30%, sucessivamente. Conclui-se que outros estudos devem avaliar condições que possam influenciar no teor de proteína foliar, como clima e solo, e, avaliar os níveis de ácido cianídrico de cada variedade, indicando qual das três é a melhor para a extração do concentrado proteico das folhas. Palavras chaves: Manihot esculenta Crantz, variedades comerciais, concentrado proteico, proteína bruta. ABSTRACT: The study aimed to assess the differences between income protein concentrate, crude protein of cassava leaf (Manihot esculenta Crantz), obtained from three commercial varieties: white, red and cascuda. The cuttings were planted following the completely randomized design with three replications. Comparisons between the varieties considered after planting staggered collections, held on 12, 14 and 16 months. The protein concentrate was obtained from flour of whole sheets and subjected to the term method - acid coagulation and crude protein by AOAC standard method. The data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test - 5% probability. The results indicated no significant difference between the mean values obtained for protein concentrate income. For the variable percentage of crude protein White variety showed the highest, with an average of 46.25%, followed by cascuda and Red, 44.52% and 37.30%, successively. We conclude that further studies should evaluate conditions that may affect the leaf protein content, such as climate and soil, and evaluate the hydrocyanic acid levels of each variety, indicating which of the three is the best for the extraction of protein concentrate from leaves Key words: Manihot esculenta Crantz, commercial varieties, protein concentrate, crude protein.


Author(s):  
Barros Sâmela Leal ◽  
Santos Newton Carlos ◽  
Araújo Thaís Jaciane ◽  
Melo Mylena Olga Pessoa ◽  
Nascimento Amanda Priscila Silva

Author(s):  
Brochado Maura Gabriela da Silva ◽  
Botelho Matheus Gabriel Lopes ◽  
Souza Camila Eduarda Sousa de ◽  
Nunes Mariana Lameira ◽  
Ferreira Leonardo Elias

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Fadhillah Laila ◽  
Budi Waluyo ◽  
Agung Kurniawan

Indonesia memiliki kekayaan plasma nutfah ubi kayu yang tersebar di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Ubi kayu mengandung karbohidrat tinggi dan berperan dalam diversifikasi pangan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyeleksi 80 varietas ubi kayu budidaya lokal asal berbagai wilayah di Indonesia yang berpotensi hasil tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 80 aksesi ubi kayu dari seluruh pulau-pulau besar di Indonesia yang disusun dalam rancangan Augmented dengan 3 tanaman kontrol per baris. Penelitian dilakukan dari Juli 2013-November 2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik dan fenotipik yang luas pada ubi kayu asal Indonesia berdasarkan karakter umbi. Potensi genetik berdasarkan karakter hasil dan komponen hasil terkategorikan tinggi dengan nilai heritabilitas 0,59-0,75. Uji lanjut LSI (Least Significant Increase) menyeleksi aksesi yang memiliki daya hasil tinggi pada karakter umbi diantaranya karakter jumlah ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 563, 570, dan 599. Karakter bobot ubi/tanaman pada aksesi 507,563, 598, dan 541. Karakter bobot/ubi pada aksesi aksesi 534,528 dan 541. Karakter bobot ubi/plot pada aksesi 629. Karakter potensi hasil pada aksesi 629. Hal ini dapat memberikan informasi mengenai diversitas genetik aksesi-aksesi ubi kayu lokal Indonesia sehingga dapat dievaluasi untuk didapatkan hasil tinggi ubi kayu untuk diversifikasi pangan.


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