scholarly journals Molecular and embryonic evidence of apomixis in cassava interspecific hybrids (Manihot spp.)

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagib M. A. Nassar ◽  
Marco Andre Vieira ◽  
Clibas Vieira ◽  
Dario Grattapaglia
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Wild Relative

In cassava, apomixis could fix hetereozygosity and prevent the transmission of systemic pathogens which complicate vegetative propagation of the crop. Evidence from maternal inheritance of RAPD markers and the structure of the embryonic sac in large progeny sets of two distinct genotypes have further confirmed that apomixis occurs in cassava. Here, we have built on an earlier report of apomixis in cassava in four ways (1) we estimated the rate of faculative apomixis in the range of 2% (2) we detected the occurrence of apomixis in a second genotype, derived form a different interspecific cross; (3) apomictic behavior was demonstrated in an F1 individual and (4) embryonic evidence showed that the mode of apomixis is aposporic. Since apomixis was detected in an F1 interspecific hybrid it is possible that genes for apomixis could be transferred directly to cultivated cassava from a wild relative. Key words: Cassava, interspecific hybrid

Strict maternal inheritance of RAPD fingerprints confirms apomixis in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Grattapaglia ◽  
Cynthia Costa e Silva ◽  
Nagib M. A. Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Manihot Esculenta ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Manihot Esculenta Crantz ◽  
Rapd Fingerprints

Undisputed molecular evidence for apomixis in cassava is presented. Based on genome sampling with 130 RAPD markers we confirmed apomixis for one offspring of a cassava clone derived from an interspecific hybrid. The probability that complete uniformity in RAPD fingerprints between mother and offspring occurred by chance was < 10−5. Key words: Apomixis, cassava, Manihot esculenta, random amplified polymorphic DNA

Maternal inheritance of the chloroplast genome in Eucalyptus globulus and interspecific hybrids

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gay E McKinnon ◽  
René E Vaillancourt ◽  
Paul A Tilyard ◽  
Brad M Potts
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Maternal Inheritance ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Rapid Pcr ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

The utility of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) in Eucalyptus, either as a molecular marker for genetic studies or as a potential vehicle for genetic manipulation, is based on knowledge of its mode of inheritance. Chloroplast inheritance in angiosperms can vary among and within species, and anomalous inheritance has been reported in some interspecific-hybrid combinations. In Eucalyptus, abnormalities of pollen-tube growth occur in a number of interspecific-hybrid combinations, and this might increase the likelihood of anomalous chloroplast transmission. We used a rapid PCR technique to determine chloroplast heritability in 425 progeny of Eucalyptus, comprising 194 progeny of the premier pulpwood species E. globulus and 231 interspecific hybrids between E. globulus and E. nitens (F1, F2, and backcrosses). At this sampling intensity, no pollen-mediated transmission of cpDNA was found in any of the 40 families tested. The results are discussed with reference to chloroplast engineering and the use of cpDNA as a seed-specific marker in phylogeographic studies of Eucalyptus.Key words: organelle, plastids, uniparental, maternal inheritance, interspecific hybrids.

Identification of RAPD markers linked to common bacterial blight resistance genes in Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghe Bai ◽  
T. E. Michaels ◽  
K. P. Pauls
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Linkage Group ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Common Bacterial Blight ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Total Contribution

Seven hundred and fifty-six random primers were screened with bulks of genomic DNA from common bacterial blight (CBB) resistant and susceptible bean plants. The plants were from a breeding population derived from an interspecific cross between Phaseolus acutifolius and Phaseolus vulgaris. Four RAPD markers, named R7313, RE416, RE49, and R4865, were found to be significantly associated with CBB resistance in this population. Forty-nine molecular markers segregating in the population were clustered into 8 linkage groups by a MAPMAKER linkage analysis. The largest linkage group was 140 cM long and contained 25 marker loci, including marker R4865. Markers R7313, RE416, and RE49 were clustered on another linkage group. A regression analysis indicated that the markers in these two groups together accounted for 81% of the variation in CBB resistance in the population. The addition of another marker, M56810, which was not individually associated with CBB resistance, increased the total contribution to the trait to 87%.Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris L., common bacterial blight (CBB), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), RAPD markers, linkage groups.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS OF SCENTED ROSES USING RAPD MARKERS

2007 ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
N. Kaur ◽  
R.K. Sharma ◽  
D. Dhyani ◽  
S. Karthigeyan ◽  
P.S. Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Rapd Markers

Inheritance of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers in an interspecific cross in the genus Stylosanthes

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Kazan ◽  
John M. Manners ◽  
Don F. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The inheritance of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers generated via the polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA sequences in an F2 family of an interspecific cross between Stylosanthes hamata and S. scabra was investigated. An initial comparison between the parental species, S. hamata cv. Verano and S. scabra cv. Fitzroy, demonstrated that 34% of detected RAPD bands were polymorphic. Of 90 primers tested, 35 showed relatively simple and reliably scorable polymorphisms and were used for segregation analysis. Sixty F2 individuals were scored for the segregation of 73 RAPD markers and 55 of these markers fit a 3:1 ratio. Segregation of eight other RAPD markers deviated significantly from a 3:1 ratio. There was no bias in the inheritance of RAPD markers regarding parental origin of the segregating RAPD markers. Linkage analysis revealed 10 linkage groups containing a total of 44 RAPD loci. Another 10 RAPD markers (7 of maternal origin) that were polymorphic between the parents did not segregate in the F2 population. One of the maternally inherited RAPD bands hybridized to chloroplast DNA. Analysis of RAPD loci by DNA hybridization indicated that mainly repeated sequences were amplified. These data indicate that RAPDs are useful genetic markers in Stylosanthes spp. and they may be suitable for genetic mapping.Key words: genetic mapping, molecular markers, polymerase chain reaction, Stylosanthes hamata, Stylosanthes scabra.

scholarly journals Prediksi Resistensi Udang Vaname (Litopenaus vannamei) terhadap Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV) dari Tambak Intensif dan Semi Intensif Jepara Menggunakan Marka RAPD

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mulyadi ◽  
Christina Ratna Handayani ◽  
Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum ◽  
Anto Budiharjo
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Polymorphic Bands ◽  
Dna Template

Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Infectious Virus (IHHNV) is the most important DNA virus which can lead to Runt Deformity Syndrome (RDS) in vaname shrimp. The RAPD technique can be used to determine the resistance of a species to a disease. This research aimed to screen and identify RAPD markers which could distinguish the resistance of vaname shrimp to IHHNV reared at intensive and semi-intensive pond. The DNA template was amplified by PCR using 5 primers : OPA 06, OPA 08, OPA 19, OPD-02 and OPZ-15. The results showed that only the primer OPA-19 and OPZ-15 were able to produce 100% polymorphic bands with sizes from 400-1700 bp as well as showing the resistance IHHNV in vaname shrimp. Based on these results, vaname shrimp which reared at the intensive pond were more resistant to IHHNV compared with the semi-intensive pond.   Key words: RAPD, shrimp vaname, IHHNV, intensive & semi-intensive pond  

Isoetes × marensis, a new interspecific hybrid from western Canada

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 1345-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. Britton ◽  
Daniel F. Brunton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Key Words ◽  
North American ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Surface Ornamentation ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new interspecific hybrid in Isoetes, I. maritima Underw. × I. howellii Engelm., is delineated and described from the Shuswap Highlands region of British Columbia by means of cytology and scanning electron microscopy of spores. Isoetes × marensis D.M. Britton and D.F. Brunton, hyb.nov. is the name proposed for this taxon. It is triploid (3x; 2n = 33) and is believed to produce only sterile and (or) aborted spores. Hybrid plants have polymorphic spores that demonstrate size and surface ornamentation features intermediate between those of the putative parents. Three populations were examined, each growing with both of the putative parents in silt and sand among granite cobble over clay along an emergent lakeshore. Isoetes × marensis is the first described North American hybrid involving an amphibious Isoetes. It is expected to be a rare taxon owing to the restricted sympatric area of the putative parents and their tendency to occupy different habitats. Key words: Isoetes, Isoetes howellii, Isoetes maritima, hybrid, British Columbia.

INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS INVOLVING ALFALFA. VI. INEFFECTIVENESS OF ALLOPLOIDY IN INDUCTION FERTILITY IN MEDICAGO PIRONAE × M. DAGHESTANICA HYBRIDS

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lesins
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Interspecific Cross ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Plant Meiosis

Colchicine treatment of hybrids from the interspecific cross Medicago pironae Vis. × M. daghestanica Rupr. induced the formation of three tetraploid shoots, one with 2n = 29 and two with 2n = 32, in their somatic nuclei. Their flowers had 21, 44 and 62% plasma-filled pollen, respectively. No seed was obtained from these tetraploids after selfing and intercrossing more than 1,200 flowers, indicating the presence of a built-in fertility barrier between the two species.By applying pollen from the tetraploid hybrids to alfalfa (M. sativn L.) two trispecies hybrids with 2n = 34 and 30 chromosomcs were produced. The first had 32%, the second 22% plasma-filled pollen grains. On backcrossing to M. sativa, a higher seed set was obtained with pollen from the 2n = 34 plant than from the 2n = 30 plant. Meiosis in the 2n = 30 plant was abnormal. At MI multivalents were observed, indicating that chromosomal material may be interchanged between M. pironae-daghestanica and M. sativa. Approximately half the meiocytes at AI possessed lagging chromosomes and only 6% of secondary meiocytes at AII were without disturbances.

scholarly journals Alternative facts: a reconsideration of putatively natural interspecific hybrid specimens in the genus Heliconius (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4499 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW V. Z. BROWER
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
Chain Of Custody ◽  
Alternative Species ◽  
Genomic Introgression

Mallet et al. (2007 BMC Evolutionary Biology, 7, 28) employed a database of putative interspecific hybrid specimens of the genus Heliconius to advance a hypothesis of "the species boundary as a continuum." Here, each of those specimens, as well as subsequently documented specimens, is individually reassessed regarding its phenotype, potential parentage and chain of custody in collections. Using a quantified scale of reliability, most of the specimens are interpreted differently than Mallet et al.'s identifications, and the actual number of interspecific hybrids is estimated to be much smaller than they proposed. To be specific, of 163 putative hybrid specimens examined, 11% suffered from ambiguous identity, 5% from confounding issues with their data labels, 50% were arguably intraspecific (depending upon alternative species concepts), and 22% were almost certainly reared, commercial specimens. Only eleven of the specimens meet the criteria established here to be legitimate and reliable interspecific hybrids, and all of those are between closely-related species. This result has potentially important implications for current hypotheses of frequent genomic introgression of wing pattern alleles among Heliconius clades. 

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