CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF REPRESENTATIVE GRADES OF ONTARIO FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1203-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. COURT ◽  
JOHN G. HENDEL ◽  
MICHAEL R. BINNS
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Aqueous Methanol ◽  
Color Classification ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Grade Classification ◽  
Quality Classification ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Mineral Constituents

A study was made of the chemical composition of representative commercial grades of Ontario flue-cured tobacco selected at random from the three auction exchanges from the 1978 tobacco crop. Comparisons were made with the grade price using the stalk position, color and quality classification of each grade. Total alkaloids, reducing sugars, neophytadiene, aqueous methanol extracts, nonvolatile organic acids, phenolic constituents, fatty acids and mineral constituents were determined on individual grade samples. In general, the largest chemical differences were found when comparisons were made on the basis of the stalk position aspect of the grade classification; however, chemical differences due to the color classification of grades were also often quite large. Except for the mahogany grades differences among the quality classification of each grade were usually smaller than differences due to stalk position or color.Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, grades, quality, tobacco chemistry

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VARIOUS COMMERCIAL GRADES OF CANADIAN FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

1958 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Elliot ◽  
E. C. Birch
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

A study was made of the chemical composition of 21 commercial grades of Canadian flue-cured tobacco, selected from a 50-acre crop of Hicks variety in 1955. Arbitrary prices were assigned to the various grades of tobacco. Correlation coefficients between the chemical values and the assigned grade prices were calculated. Ethanol extracts, total sugars, reducing sugars, and hygroscopicity gave significant positive correlations; total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, total alkaloids, nicotine, calcium, and magnesium gave negative correlations. These coefficients indicated that quality measured by these laboratory methods conformed with leaf-graded quality. Correlation coefficients were not significant between grade quality and petroleum ether extract, sucrose, starch, ash, silica, potassium, phosphorus, chlorine, sulphur, burn, or pH.

La fertilisation magnésienne du tabac à cigarette

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Michel Lamarre ◽  
Suzanne Payette
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Good Production ◽  
Double Sulfate ◽  
Rate Form ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Effective Source

The effect of magnesium application on the production and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco was observed over a period of 3 yr to determine the most effective source and the best rate of Mg application. Magnesium increased gross return and magnesium content of the plant while decreasing potassium and zinc contents. Only the Mg applied as double sulfate of potassium and magnesium (Sulpomag) increased yield, gross return and Mg content of the plant. An application of 10 kg ha−1 of Sulpomag is satisfactory to reach a good production on soils low in Mg. Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, magnesium, rate, form, total alkaloids, total nitrogen, reducing sugars

EFFECT OF FROST ON WHEAT AT PROGRESSIVE STAGES OF MATURITY: I. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KERNELS

1934 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Newton ◽  
A. G. McCalla
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Quality Classification

Samples of freshly cut wheat were exposed in freezing chambers, then stook-cured, threshed, and compared with unfrozen check samples, in the seasons 1929, 1930 and 1932, at Edmonton, Alberta. The check samples attained approximately maximum grade and weight per bushel when cut at a stage of maturity represented by a dry matter content ranging in different varieties and seasons from 50 to 60%. The weight per 1000 kernels of Marquis wheat, determined in 1930 only, reached a maximum at the same stage as weight per bushel. Susceptibility to superficial injury by frost continued generally over nearly the whole maturation period. Even 4 degrees of frost (28° F.) frequently caused a cut in grade, while 8, 10 and 14 degrees caused more substantial degradation, often accompanied by some reduction in weight per bushel. Marquis wheat is apparently more susceptible than Garnet, Reward and Red Bobs, to degradation by frost during the maturation period. Grade, being based on external appearance, is more sensitive to frost than are chemical composition and baking quality. Classification of the kernels of Marquis, in 1930, into vitreous, starchy, immature, green, bran frosted and heavily frosted, confirmed the earlier conclusion (2) that only the sound class (vitreous + starchy) has enough relation to grade to be useful as a grading factor. The germination of Garnet was improved by moderate freezing.

Influence de la fertilisation azotée sur la production du tabac à cigarette au Québec

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-419
Author(s):  
Michel Lamarre ◽  
Suzanne Payette
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée

The effect of nitrogen applications on flue-cured tobacco production and chemical composition have been observed for 5 yr. The nitrogen applications resulted in an increase of yield, gross return, total alkaloids and total nitrogen and a decrease of quality index, maturity index, reducing sugars and ratio of reducing sugars:total alkaloids. The use of 30–45 kg ha−1 of nitrogen, depending on soil type and the cultivar, produces a tobacco with acceptable agronomic and chemical characteristics.Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen, yield, quality, gross return, total alkaloids, total N, reducing sugars

Effects Attributed to Maleic Hydrazide when used for Chemical Sucker Control on Bright Tobacco

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Seltmann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Group I ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractThe effect of maleic hydrazide (MH) per se on bright tobacco was determined by comparing plants treated with MH to those without MH under conditions of good chemical sucker control. Sequential applications of each of five contact-type agents with MH one week later (Group I) were compared to dual applications of each of the same contact agents (Group II). In Group II suckers missed during applications were individually wetted to ensure excellent control. Sucker control was measured as 95 % for Group I and assumed to be 99 % for Group II. There were no agronomic differences between Groups I and II. In the visual warehouse appraisal, there was only a statistical difference for thin-bodied tobaccos between the two groups and a trend for slightly more heavy-bodied tobaccos in Group I. The chemical and physical analyses showed that filling value at 13 % moisture and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) measured at 60 % relative humidity were significantly lower in Group I than Group II. The result for EMC was questioned. Actual values for total alkaloids, total volatile bases minus nicotine, total ash, and alkalinity number of water-soluble ash were lower and reducing sugars were higher where MH was used. Except for EMC, the findings in this study reflected those established in studies where MH-treated and normally hand-suckered tobaccos were compared, but the differences here were generally not as great.

An Application and Research of Gray-Relation for Color Classification in Dyeing Textile

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 2881-2885
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Wang ◽  
Jian Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Space Distribution ◽  
Color Classification ◽  
Uniform Sampling ◽  
Forecast Precision ◽  
Internal Instability ◽  
The Stability

Dyeing textile’s information management system is the basis of accurate classification of color， machine studying methods have became a popular area of research for application in color classification. Traditional classification methods have high efficiency and are very simple ， but they are dependent on the distribution of sample spaces. If the sample data properties are not independent， forecast precision will been affected badly and internal instability will appear. An application of Gray-Relation for dyeing textile color classification has been designed， which offsets the discount in mathematical statistics method for system analysis. It is applicable regardless of variant in sample size， while quantizing structure is in agreement with qualitative analysis. On the basis of theoretical analysis， Dyeing textile color classification was conducted in the conditions of random sampling、 uniform sampling and stratified sampling. The experimental results proofs that by using Gray-Relation， dyeing textile color classification does not need to be dependent on sample space distribution， and increases the stability of classification.

Primary Pulmonary Meningioma With Rhabdoid Features

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rūta Žulpaitė ◽  
Žymantas Jagelavičius ◽  
Ugnius Mickys ◽  
Ričardas Janilionis
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Wedge Resection ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Grade Classification ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Rhabdoid Features

Only 1% to 2% of meningiomas have primary extrameningeal location, which is mostly head and neck region. Primary pulmonary meningiomas (PPMs) are even more uncommon with up to 50 cases reported in the literature. Only 5 cases of PPM with confirmed or possible malignancy have been previously described. Three-grade classification of meningiomas with the accordingly growing risk of aggressive behavior of the tumor has been proposed by the World Health Organization. As it is based on correlations between morphological and clinical features of intracranial meningiomas, the analogous prediction of ectopic tumors prognosis remains questionable due to scarce number of cases. In this article, we present a rare case of PPM with rhabdoid features (World Health Organization grade III), which lacked other signs of malignancy. The patient is doing well for 2 years after the thoracoscopic wedge resection without evidence of the disease recurrence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document