EFFECT OF FROST ON WHEAT AT PROGRESSIVE STAGES OF MATURITY: I. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KERNELS

1934 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Newton ◽  
A. G. McCalla
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Maturation Period ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Quality Classification

Samples of freshly cut wheat were exposed in freezing chambers, then stook-cured, threshed, and compared with unfrozen check samples, in the seasons 1929, 1930 and 1932, at Edmonton, Alberta. The check samples attained approximately maximum grade and weight per bushel when cut at a stage of maturity represented by a dry matter content ranging in different varieties and seasons from 50 to 60%. The weight per 1000 kernels of Marquis wheat, determined in 1930 only, reached a maximum at the same stage as weight per bushel. Susceptibility to superficial injury by frost continued generally over nearly the whole maturation period. Even 4 degrees of frost (28° F.) frequently caused a cut in grade, while 8, 10 and 14 degrees caused more substantial degradation, often accompanied by some reduction in weight per bushel. Marquis wheat is apparently more susceptible than Garnet, Reward and Red Bobs, to degradation by frost during the maturation period. Grade, being based on external appearance, is more sensitive to frost than are chemical composition and baking quality. Classification of the kernels of Marquis, in 1930, into vitreous, starchy, immature, green, bran frosted and heavily frosted, confirmed the earlier conclusion (2) that only the sound class (vitreous + starchy) has enough relation to grade to be useful as a grading factor. The germination of Garnet was improved by moderate freezing.

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. N. Mandal ◽  
T. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

Growth and chemical composition of carrots as influenced by the time of sowing and harvest

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Long Term Storage

SummaryThe effects of the time of sowing on growth and chemical composition of carrots grown from May to November were studied during 3 years.Delaying sowing for 1 or 2 months after the beginning of May resulted in a reduction in the growth of both roots and foliage and gave roots with lower dry-matter content and glucose/fructose ratio but higher amounts of hexoses, total nitrogen and amino nitrogen in root dry matter. Sowing date had no influence on the concentration of sucrose, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in root dry matter up to 137 days from sowing. Carotene decreased only after the last sowing. Sucrose concentration of the roots increased throughout the periods studied irrespective of the time of sowing. The longer the growing period the higher was the sucrose concentration. The concentration of hexoses decreased from the first harvest at 70 days to reach a constant level at about 130 days from sowing.The results did not indicate the presence of a well-defined stage of biochemical maturity in the autumn when carrot roots are expected as most suitable for harvest and subsequent long-term storage.

scholarly journals The Effect of Cultivar and Biostimulant Treatment on the Carrot Yield and its Quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Grabowska ◽  
Edward Kunicki ◽  
Agnieszka Sękara ◽  
Andrzej Kalisz ◽  
Renata Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Dry Matter Content

Summary Modifications in growing techniques can affect the yield and nutritional quality of various cultivated plants. Among them, the use of biostimulants is environmental friendly method of stimulating crop productivity, stress resistance, and affecting yield or chemical composition of the plants. The aim of the investigation was determining of the effect of biostimulant treatment on yield and its quality of carrot grown for summer harvest. The experiment was carried out in 2009-2011 in the experimental station of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, south Poland. Two experimental factors were taken into consideration: (1) cultivar: Nandrin F1 and Napoli F1 (2) dose of Aminoplant (foliar application): 1.5 and 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 and control (without Aminoplant). Total and marketable yield, root length, its diameter, leaf mass and leaf : root mass ratio were assessed. The dry matter, soluble sugar, carotenoids and nitrate ions contents were analyzed as main determinants of carrot nutritional quality. Aminoplant influenced not only carrot productivity, but mainly chemical composition of the roots. The present results also suggest that carrot reaction to biostimulant treatment was depended on a cultivar more than on environmental conditions in particular growing seasons. The significant effect of Aminoplant in a dose of 1.5 dm3∙ha-1 on the yield of roots and leaf rosette mass of ‘Nandrin F1’ appeared only in the first year of the experiment. Spraying with Aminoplant in a dose of 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 significantly increased the soluble sugars content in carrot roots of both cultivars but only in 2011. Dry matter content was also affected by biostimulant treatment mainly for ‘Napoli F1’, which showed the lowest dry matter content when sprayed with Aminoplant in a dose of 1.5 dm3∙ha-1. In 2010 control plants contained the greater amount of carotenoids, while in next year roots of plants treated with Aminoplant in a dose of 3.0 dm3∙ha-1 had more these compounds. The significant effect of Aminoplant on nitrates content in carrot roots was observed but were not repeatable in the experimental years, so different climatic conditions modified carrot reaction on biostimulant spraying.

scholarly journals Murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) meal as an additive to elephant grass silage

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-272
Author(s):  
Cláudia M Serra-Ferreira ◽  
Agatha G Farias-Souza ◽  
Rita C Almeida-Mendonça ◽  
Melany Simões-Souza ◽  
Wagner R L Lopes-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Aerobic Stability

Background: Tropical grasses, such as elephant grass, have high moisture content during its ideal phenological state for silage. High moisture content hinders proper preservation and reduces the nutritive value of silage due to secondary fermentation and production of effluents. Adding feed materials with high dry matter content, such as murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) meal, is a potential alternative to improve silage yield. Objective: To determine the effects of including murumuru meal (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28%) on the fermentative characteristics, microbiological activity, aerobic stability, and chemical composition of elephant grass silages. Methods: A completely randomized design with five treatments and five replicates was used. Elephant grass was collected at 60 d of age, minced, and homogenized with murumuru meal. The mass was placed in experimental 15-L silos. The silos were collected and analyzed 45 d later. Results: Effluent production decreased (p<0.05) as the proportions of murumuru meal in silage increased. A quadratic effect (p<0.05) was observed on dry matter recovery. An increase (p<0.05) was observed in dry matter content, a decrease (p<0.05) in the neutral detergent fiber content, and an increase (p<0.05) in the non-fibrous carbohydrate content with the inclusion of murumuru meal. Conclusions: Addition of murumuru meal improves chemical composition and does not affect the fermentative characteristics of elephant grass silage, while it reduces effluent losses. Nevertheless, the inclusion of murumuru meal in the elephant grass silage decreased the time of aerobic stability.

Chemical composition, dry matter and protein degradability coefficients of pistachio hulls silage treated with urea and molasses

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 164-164
Author(s):  
P. Vahmani ◽  
A.A. Nasserian ◽  
R. Valizadeh ◽  
J. Arshami ◽  
H. Nasirimoghadam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Pistachio Nuts ◽  
By Products ◽  
Protein Degradability

Pistachio hulls are pistachio processing by-products produced during de-hulling of pistachio nuts soon after harvesting. Total pistachio by-products in Iran have been increased at an average rate of about 300000 Tons per year. Chemical composition of Pistachio hulls contained 12%CP, 5%EE, 34% NDF, 21% ADF, and 9% ash (DM basis). The dry matter content of fresh Pistachio hulls is about 28%. Reducing the moisture content of this by-product with dryer systems is a cost effective process and can not be applied by most of the producers. Finding other alternative methods for preserving and using this by-product is highly required. The objective of the present study was to assess changes in Pistachio hulls silage (PHS) quality associated with the inclusion of different levels of urea (U) and molasses (M), and to compare in situ DM and protein degradability of PHS with dried pistachio hulls (DPH).

Changes in chemical composition and in vitro DM digestibility of urea and molasses treated whole crop canola silage

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 230-230
Author(s):  
A. Balakhial ◽  
A.A. Naserian ◽  
A. Heravi Moussavi ◽  
F. Eftekhar Shahrodi ◽  
R. Valizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
High Dry Matter

Forage quality is a key factor in dairy cattle nutrition. High moisture forages are so susceptible to loss their nutrients during ensiling. Canola is one of the oilseed plants that belong to Brassica species. Canola forage has high level of moisture in its tissues and must be wilted to 60 -65% moisture before ensiling. On the other hand, molasses and urea as two silage additives can be effective in improvement and preservation of canola forage quality. Molasses is commonly used to provide readily available energy for lactic acid fermentation. Addition of molasses can increase dry matter content of silage that related to relatively high dry matter content of molasses (Baytok and Aksu, 2005). Meanwhile, silage protein content can be increased and proteolysis decreased with the addition of urea. Application of urea to harvested forage before ensiling can restrict the fermentation processes and release ammonia to potentially enhance nutritive value of the ensiled crop and reduce deterioration during storage. The main objective of this study was to evaluate effects of different levels of urea and molasses on chemical composition and in vitro DM digestibility of whole crop canola silage.

scholarly journals Variation in the chemical composition of muscles in young pheasants during their growth

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Večerek ◽  
P. Suchý ◽  
E. Straková ◽  
F. Vitula ◽  
M. Mikundová
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Positive Finding ◽  
Thigh Muscles ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Common Pheasant ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract. The paper reports on the changes in the chemical composition of breast and thigh muscles in intensively fed chickens of common pheasant, discussing the results obtained from the perspective of the production of high-quality pheasant meat. Young pheasants were fed for 90 days. Unlike breast muscles, thigh muscles showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in water content between Day 50 and Day 90 (falling from 757.20 to 728.61 g/kg) which was associated with increasing dry matter content in muscles (from 242.80 to 271.39 g/kg). From a dietetic point of view, one positive finding is that both breast and thigh muscles from young pheasants aged 40 - 90 days contained low levels of fat, ranging from 6.12 g/kg to 8.33 g/kg, and from 20.36 g/kg to 51.37 g/kg, respectively. However, at the end of the monitored period (i.e. between Day 70 and Day 90) fat content in muscles significantly increased (P ≤ 0.01). Differences between average levels of ash (minerals) in breast muscles during the monitored period were not statistically significant. The average levels of ash in thigh muscles decreased statistically very significantly (P ≤ 0.01) on Day 50 (11.75 g/kg). In breast muscles a statistically significant decrease (P ≤ 0.05) was detected on Day 90 (11.67 g/kg). The above-mentioned changes in the chemical composition of muscles in young pheasants may arise due to qualitative age-related changes such as decreasing proteosynthesis and enhanced fat biosynthesis in muscles. This conclusion is supported by profound changes in the parameters of chemical composition related to muscle dry matter which are presented in this paper.

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