THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 41. Lotus corniculatus L.

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY TURKINGTON ◽  
GAIL D. FRANKO
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Fraser Valley

This summary of biological data is for bird’s-foot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L., which is weedy in Canada, particularly in eastern Canada and the Fraser valley of British Columbia. Bird’s-foot trefoil is an agricultural escapee and is often continuous over large areas of roadside and waste places. It can be controlled by the use of several common herbicides.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 76. Vicia angustifolia L.,V. cracca L., V. sativa L., V. tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. and V. villosa Roth.

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. AARSSEN ◽  
IVAN V. HALL ◽  
K. I. N. JENSEN
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Vicia Cracca

This paper provides a summary of biological data on five weedy species of vetch (Vicia). All species are naturalized in Canada and are found in a wide range of habitats with their main centers of distribution in Eastern Canada and the south and coastal regions of British Columbia. Vicia cracca is the most common and serious problem and occurs nationwide. Vicia sativa is the most variable of the species; numerous subspecies, varieties, forms and hybrids are described. Tendrils allow vetches to attach to crop plants and form mat-like infestations. Vetch species are sensitive to a number of herbicides but there appears to be differential tolerance among species to chlorthal dimethyl, 2,4-DB and others. Vicia spp. are host to several economically important pathogens and parasites.Key words: Weed biology, vetches, Vicia spp., distribution

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 42. Stellaria media (L.) Vill.

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 981-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY TURKINGTON ◽  
NORMAN C. KENKEL ◽  
GAIL D. FRANKO
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The World ◽  
Canadian Provinces

This paper provides a summary of biological data on Stellaria media (L.) Vill., commonly known as chickweed. It is found throughout most of the world and is present in all Canadian provinces and both territories, being particularly abundant in British Columbia and eastern Canada. Chickweed is a weed of grain fields, young pastures, lawns, and gardens, and can be controlled by the use of several common herbicides.

LARVAL PARASITOID OF THE ZEBRA CATERPILLAR, MELANCHRA PICTA (HARRIS) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON BLUEBERRY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Li ◽  
D.E. Henderson ◽  
R. Feng
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Fraser Valley ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The zebra caterpillar, Melanchra picta (Harris), has been reported as a minor pest of corn (Philip 1990) and some small fruits (Belton 1988; Fitzpatrick and Troubridge 1991) in British Columbia. This pest also infests various vegetables, blueberries, and currants, and has become more and more abundant lately in the Fraser Valley (unpublished data). The larval parasitoid Limneria annulipes Harris (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) has been reported to parasitize zebra caterpillar populations in eastern Canada (Maxson 1948). Fitzpatrick (pers. comm.) found Winthemia quadripustulata (Fab.) (Hymenoptera: Tachinidae) from zebra caterpillars in British Columbia. Here we report the occurrence of another larval parasitoid reared from natural populations of M. picta collected from commercial high bush blueberry fields in Delta, British Columbia, during June of 1992.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS: 5. Daucus carota

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUGH M. DALE
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Wild Carrot

This summary of biological data is for wild carrot, Daucus carota L. ssp. carota, as a weed in Canada, particularly in central Ontario. Brief reference is made to wild carrot in Europe and to the related cultivated carrot which have many pests in common. Weedy populations of this biennial occur in areas formerly occupied by deciduous forests in eastern Canada, and by the coastal Douglas fir forest in British Columbia. It belongs to association of plants of roadsides, old pastures and open spaces which are disturbed periodically.

scholarly journals First Report of Box Blight Caused by Cylindrocladium pseudonaviculatum (C. buxicola) in British Columbia, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Elmhirst ◽  
B. E. Auxier ◽  
L. A. Wegener
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Green Mountain ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Buxus Sempervirens ◽  
Fraser Valley

Boxwoods (Buxus spp.) are common woody ornamental hedging plants in Europe and North America, typically propagated by cuttings. In October 2011, shoot dieback and defoliation was observed on Buxus sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’ (dwarf English boxwood) and ‘Green Balloon’ in outdoor, 10-cm pots at a wholesale nursery in Chilliwack, British Columbia. Circular leaf spots with black rings occurred on leaves and black, water-soaked, cankers girdled the stems and petioles. Leaf and stem samples were collected on November 21, 2011, and incubated for 48 h in a moist chamber at room temperature. In addition to Volutella buxi, a Cylindrocladium species producing conidia on white sporodochia was observed on host tissue under the microscope. Leaves with lesions were surface-sterilized in 10% bleach for 30 to 60 s, rinsed in sterile water, and lesions were cut out and plated on PDA and carnation leaf media. The species was identified as Cylindrocladium pseudonaviculatum Crous, J.Z. Groenew. & C.F. Hill 2002 by comparison of conidia and phialide morphology to published descriptions. Conidia were hyaline, one-septate, cylindrical with rounded ends and 38 to 76 μm (mean 51 μm) × 4 to 6 μm on carnation leaf media and 41 to 66 μm (mean 52 μm) × 4 to 6 μm on B. sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’ leaves, comparable to the reported range of 40 to 75 × 4 to 6 μm (1,2,3,4). Conidia were produced in clusters on terminal, ellipsoid vesicles at the tips of penicillate conidiophores. Vesicles were 10.2 (7.6 to 12.8 μm) at the widest point, consistent with the 6 to 11 μm reported in (2,3) and tapered to a rounded point; stipe extensions were septate and measured an average of 130 μm (107 to 163 μm) in length to the tip of the vesicle, consistent with the 95 to 155 μm reported in (1), 89 to 170 μm reported in (2), and 95 to 165 μm in (3). Chlamydospores were not observed on host tissue but appeared in older PDA cultures as dark brown microsclerotia. DNA was extracted from single-spore colonies on PDA and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA was amplified with primers ITS1 and ITS4. The ITS sequence (GenBank Accession No. KC291613) was 100% identical to C. buxicola strain CB-KR001 (HM749646.1) and Calonectria pseudonaviculata strain ATCC MYA-4891 (JX174050.1). In early December 2011, box blight was identified on container-grown B. sinica var. insularis × B. sempervirens ‘Green Velvet,’ ‘Green Gem’, and ‘Green Mountain’ and B. sempervirens L. (common or American boxwood). The pathogen was identified by microscopic examination at three wholesale nurseries in the eastern Fraser Valley and one landscape planting. The isolate has been deposited in the Canadian Collection of Fungal Cultures in Ottawa, Canada (DAOM 242242). References: (1) B. Henricot and A. Culham. Mycologia 94:980, 2002. (2) K. L. Ivors, et al. Plant Dis. 96:1070, 2012. (3) C. Pintos Varela, et al. Plant Dis. 93:670, 2009. (4) M. Saracchi, et al. J. Plant Pathol. 90:581, 2008.

BIOLOGY AND CONTROL OF THE COAST MOLE, SCAPANUS ORARIUS ORARIUS TRUE, IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1959 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Glendenning
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Economic Control ◽  
River Flood ◽  
And Control ◽  
Fraser Valley ◽  
Old Females

Coast moles were studied and trapped from 1935 to 1945 at Agassiz, British Columbia. They cause economic damage in the lower Fraser Valley by injuring growing crops and by covering up to 15 per cent of the surface of a field with their hills.The moles ate almost any arthropod, annelid, or molluscan that they captured, but earthworms comprised 93 per cent of the stomach contents. Adults ate nearly twice their weight in earthworms daily, or 100–150 grams, representing more than 100 worms. The populations of moles apparently varied in proportion to those of the earthworms.The moles mated from January to early March. The young were born in March or April. Yearling females had two embryos; 2-year-old females had three; and mature females had four. Of 940 trapped during the winters, 45 per cent were over 1, and 6 per cent were over 3 years old. The average weight of mature 74 males was 74.3 ± 5.6 grams; the average weight of 30 mature females was 69.8 ± 4.1 grams.Natural control was ineffective. The disastrous Fraser River flood of 1948 lowered the numbers significantly, but recovery was rapid.Artificial controls tested included: poisons, caustic irritants, explosives, flooding, earthworm poisons, combinations of chemical fertilizers and irrigations, mechanical and chemical barriers, commercial mole destroyers, poison gases, deterrents, and traps. Only the last two were of value; crude flake naphthalene was a deterrent, and the scissors type was the most effective trap. In heavy infestations as many as three moles per man-hour were trapped. Naphthalene was expensive but protected small plots for up to 6 weeks. For economic control by trapping an area of 300 to 500 acres should be trapped in one season. Smaller areas are quickly reinfested, since the moles travel up to 1 mile.

scholarly journals Low levels of nitryl chloride at ground level: nocturnal nitrogen oxides in the Lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 6293-6315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans D. Osthoff ◽  
Charles A. Odame-Ankrah ◽  
Youssef M. Taha ◽  
Travis W. Tokarek ◽  
Corinne L. Schiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Nitryl Chloride ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Lower Fraser Valley ◽  
Fraser Valley

Abstract. The nocturnal nitrogen oxides, which include the nitrate radical (NO3), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), and its uptake product on chloride containing aerosol, nitryl chloride (ClNO2), can have profound impacts on the lifetime of NOx (= NO + NO2), radical budgets, and next-day photochemical ozone (O3) production, yet their abundances and chemistry are only sparsely constrained by ambient air measurements. Here, we present a measurement data set collected at a routine monitoring site near the Abbotsford International Airport (YXX) located approximately 30 km from the Pacific Ocean in the Lower Fraser Valley (LFV) on the west coast of British Columbia. Measurements were made from 20 July to 4 August 2012 and included mixing ratios of ClNO2, N2O5, NO, NO2, total odd nitrogen (NOy), O3, photolysis frequencies, and size distribution and composition of non-refractory submicron aerosol (PM1). At night, O3 was rapidly and often completely removed by dry deposition and by titration with NO of anthropogenic origin and unsaturated biogenic hydrocarbons in a shallow nocturnal inversion surface layer. The low nocturnal O3 mixing ratios and presence of strong chemical sinks for NO3 limited the extent of nocturnal nitrogen oxide chemistry at ground level. Consequently, mixing ratios of N2O5 and ClNO2 were low (< 30 and < 100 parts-per-trillion by volume (pptv) and median nocturnal peak values of 7.8 and 7.9 pptv, respectively). Mixing ratios of ClNO2 frequently peaked 1–2 h after sunrise rationalized by more efficient formation of ClNO2 in the nocturnal residual layer aloft than at the surface and the breakup of the nocturnal boundary layer structure in the morning. When quantifiable, production of ClNO2 from N2O5 was efficient and likely occurred predominantly on unquantified supermicron-sized or refractory sea-salt-derived aerosol. After sunrise, production of Cl radicals from photolysis of ClNO2 was negligible compared to production of OH from the reaction of O(1D) + H2O except for a short period after sunrise.

The Spatiotemporal Response of Summertime Tropospheric Ozone to Changes in Local Precursor Emissions in the Lower Fraser Valley, British Columbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-321
Author(s):  
Bruce Ainslie ◽  
Nadya Moisseeva ◽  
Roxanne Vingarzan ◽  
Corinne Schiller ◽  
Douw Steyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Lower Fraser Valley ◽  
Spatiotemporal Response ◽  
Fraser Valley

Parasitism and phenology of Dasineura mali (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Canadian apple (Rosaceae) orchards

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-373
Author(s):  
J.E. Cossentine ◽  
A.M. Brauner ◽  
J.L. Franklin ◽  
M.C. Robertson ◽  
P.N. Buhl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
The Third ◽  
Alien Pest ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fraser Valley ◽  
Dasineura Mali

AbstractThe apple leaf midge, Dasineura mali (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), an invasive alien pest established for many years in Nova Scotia, Canada, has invaded Ontario and British Columbia, Canada apple (Malus domestica Borkhausen; Rosaceae) orchards, damaging growing tips of trees. Molecular analysis indicated that Nova Scotia populations are genetically different from Ontario and British Columbia populations. Pheromone trap captures, oviposition on growing apple terminals, and the incidence of third instars indicate three D. mali generations in each province. Platygaster demades Walker (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), released in Nova Scotia in 1993, parasitised 34% of the third midge generation in that province and was reared from D. mali for the first time in 2016 in the Fraser Valley of British Columbia. Lyrcus nigroaeneus Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitised up to 21% of D. mali in southwestern Ontario. Synopeas myles (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) was recorded from D. mali for the first time, one specimen in each of Nova Scotia and Ontario, and was the most important parasitoid in British Columbia. Synopeas myles parasitism in Okanagan and Similkameen, British Columbia orchards increased from 0% to a mean of 30% of D. mali larvae from 2014 to 2016. Other minor parasitoids included Platygaster tuberosula Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Platygasteridae) in all three provinces and Aphanogmus vicinus Förster (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae) in British Columbia.

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