THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 42. Stellaria media (L.) Vill.

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 981-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY TURKINGTON ◽  
NORMAN C. KENKEL ◽  
GAIL D. FRANKO
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The World ◽  
Canadian Provinces

This paper provides a summary of biological data on Stellaria media (L.) Vill., commonly known as chickweed. It is found throughout most of the world and is present in all Canadian provinces and both territories, being particularly abundant in British Columbia and eastern Canada. Chickweed is a weed of grain fields, young pastures, lawns, and gardens, and can be controlled by the use of several common herbicides.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 41. Lotus corniculatus L.

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 965-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROY TURKINGTON ◽  
GAIL D. FRANKO
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Fraser Valley

This summary of biological data is for bird’s-foot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus L., which is weedy in Canada, particularly in eastern Canada and the Fraser valley of British Columbia. Bird’s-foot trefoil is an agricultural escapee and is often continuous over large areas of roadside and waste places. It can be controlled by the use of several common herbicides.

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS.: 76. Vicia angustifolia L.,V. cracca L., V. sativa L., V. tetrasperma (L.) Schreb. and V. villosa Roth.

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. AARSSEN ◽  
IVAN V. HALL ◽  
K. I. N. JENSEN
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Vicia Cracca

This paper provides a summary of biological data on five weedy species of vetch (Vicia). All species are naturalized in Canada and are found in a wide range of habitats with their main centers of distribution in Eastern Canada and the south and coastal regions of British Columbia. Vicia cracca is the most common and serious problem and occurs nationwide. Vicia sativa is the most variable of the species; numerous subspecies, varieties, forms and hybrids are described. Tendrils allow vetches to attach to crop plants and form mat-like infestations. Vetch species are sensitive to a number of herbicides but there appears to be differential tolerance among species to chlorthal dimethyl, 2,4-DB and others. Vicia spp. are host to several economically important pathogens and parasites.Key words: Weed biology, vetches, Vicia spp., distribution

THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS: 5. Daucus carota

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUGH M. DALE
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Wild Carrot

This summary of biological data is for wild carrot, Daucus carota L. ssp. carota, as a weed in Canada, particularly in central Ontario. Brief reference is made to wild carrot in Europe and to the related cultivated carrot which have many pests in common. Weedy populations of this biennial occur in areas formerly occupied by deciduous forests in eastern Canada, and by the coastal Douglas fir forest in British Columbia. It belongs to association of plants of roadsides, old pastures and open spaces which are disturbed periodically.

Forest health and climate change: A British Columbia perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Woods ◽  
Don Heppner ◽  
Harry H. Kope ◽  
Jennifer Burleigh ◽  
Lorraine Maclauchlan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Forest Insects ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
The World ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Needle Blight

BC’s forests have already faced two simultaneous, globally significant, epidemics linked to climate change; the Dothistroma needle blight epidemic in NW BC and the massive mountain pine beetle epidemic throughout the BC Interior. Building on these experiences, we have compiled our best estimates of how we believe other forest health agents may behave as climate change continues to influence our forests. We have drawn on literature from around the world but have focused on the situation in BC. We have made management recommendations based on what we have seen so far and what we expect to come.Key words: climate change, forest health, forest insects, forest pathogens, forest management, British Columbia

scholarly journals La contrebande des produits du tabac au Canada entre 1985 et 1994 et le cas particulier du Québec

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Alain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Mass Consumption ◽  
Cigarette Taxes ◽  
Geographical Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference

The professional smuggling of mass consumption products develops when demand for a product is not adequately fulfilled by the legitimate market. The difficulties encountered in supplying are, in most contemporary cases, caused by real rarity of the desired product. For other cases, however, the rarity is largely virtual in that government taxes aimed at the product in question lead to increasing the product's price to a prohibitive end. This was the case with cigarettes in Canada between 1985 and 1994. Before both, the federal and provincial, governments decided to drastically decrease cigarette taxes in February 1994, the price for a pack of cigarettes was five to six times higher than the same product in the United States. This article begins with a brief review of the contribution made by economists in regard to contemporary smuggling. Focus will be aimed at common characteristics of the smuggling phenomenon across the world. Elements which are more particular to the Canadian smuggling situation will be identified as well. While the difference in the price of cigarettes between Canada and the United States would seem to be the undeniable driving force behind the development of smuggling activities at the countries ' border, one key question remains unexplained. Why was the volume of contraband unequally distributed across Canada even though the price of cigarettes remained largely consistent throughout all provinces? The level of organization of smuggling networks was much higher in Eastern Canada, and particularly in Quebec, than it was in the western provinces. It is argued that the reasons for this are not only due to price, but to a series of political, historical, and geographical factors which allowed cigarette smugglers to function better in Quebec than in the rest of the country.

A tooth of Mammuthus primigenius from Chestermere Lake near Calgary, Alberta, and the distribution of mammoths in southwestern Canada

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1272-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Harington ◽  
D. M. Shackleton
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North American ◽  
Mammuthus Primigenius ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Woolly Mammoth

A well-preserved molar of a woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) was recovered from deposits at Chestermere Lake near Calgary. It is probably of late Wisconsin age, and is one of several mammoth fossils collected from Pleistocene sediments in the Calgary area.The Chestermere Lake specimen is considered in relation to 94 records of mammoth cheek teeth from the western Canadian provinces. Of the 94 records, 5 are from Manitoba, 35 are from Saskatchewan, 37 are from Alberta, and 17 are from British Columbia. In addition to specimens of woolly mammoths, remains of Columbian (Mammuthus columbi), imperial (Mammuthus imperator), and southern mammoths (Mammuthus meridionalis) have been collected from Pleistocene deposits of southwestern Canada. Some problems concerning the relationships of North American and Eurasian mammoths are mentioned.

scholarly journals Comparative Gene Genealogies Indicate that Two Clonal Lineages of Cryptococcus gattii in British Columbia Resemble Strains from Other Geographical Areas

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1629-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Kidd ◽  
Hong Guo ◽  
Karen H. Bartlett ◽  
Jianping Xu ◽  
James W. Kronstad
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Molecular Type ◽  
Sequence Comparisons ◽  
The World ◽  
Clonal Population Structure

ABSTRACT Cryptococcus gattii has recently emerged as a pathogen of humans and animals in the temperate climate of Vancouver Island, British Columbia (B.C.). The majority (∼95%) of the isolates from the island belong to the VGII molecular type, and the remainder belong to the VGI molecular type. The goals of this study were to compare patterns of molecular variation among C. gattii isolates from B.C. with those from different areas of the world and to investigate the population structure using a comparative gene genealogy approach. Our results indicate that the C. gattii population in B.C. comprises at least two divergent lineages, corresponding to previously identified VGI and VGII molecular types. The genealogical analysis of strains suggested a predominantly clonal population structure among B.C. isolates, while there was evidence for sexual recombination between different molecular types on a global scale. We found no geographic pattern of strain relationships, and nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed that genotypes among isolates from B.C. were also present among isolates from other areas of the world, indicating extensive strain dispersal. The nucleotide sequence diversity among isolates from B.C. was similar to that among isolates from other areas of the world.

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure among Outdoor Workers in Three Canadian Provinces

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl E Peters ◽  
Elena Pasko ◽  
Peter Strahlendorf ◽  
Dorothy Linn Holness ◽  
Thomas Tenkate
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Sun Safety ◽  
Outdoor Workers ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

AbstractIntroductionSolar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure places outdoor workers at risk of skin cancer and exposure is difficult to control. In response, the Sun Safety at Work Canada (SSAWC) project was undertaken (2014–2016). The purpose of this substudy was to characterize the UVR exposure levels of outdoor workers in the SSAWC project.MethodsThirteen workplaces in the provinces of British Columbia, Ontario, and Nova Scotia participated in an exposure monitoring campaign (late summer/early fall 2016). Study participants were workers from power utilities and municipalities. Participants wore a UVR measurement badge (light-sensitive polysulfone plastic) on their wrist, shoulder, or hardhat. Badge calibration and absorbance measurements were performed in the AusSun Research Lab. Personal UVR doses are presented as standard erythemal doses (SED) and compared with the internationally recommended exposure limit (1.3 SED), as well as to the total available UVR by date. Generalized linear models were used to examine determinants of solar UVR for personal UVR dose (for both SED and percent of ambient UVR). Models considered badge placement, date, province, industry, main job task, and the hours spent outdoors.ResultsMean personal UVR dose of participating workers was 6.1 SED (nearly 5× the recommended limit). Just 14% of workers experienced ‘acceptable’ levels of solar radiation; 10% were exposed at >10 times the limit. In univariate analyses, workers in Ontario had the highest levels (mean 7.3 SED), but even in the lowest exposed province (British Columbia), the mean personal UVR dose was 4.5 SED. Utility workers had double the exposure of municipal workers (10.4 and 5.5 SED, respectively). In the determinants of exposure models, the differences by province were muted, but utility line workers and those in general maintenance had higher predicted exposures. Those who wore their badge on their hardhat also had higher values of SED in the fully adjusted determinants models.ConclusionsSolar ultraviolet overexposure among outdoor workers is a concern, even in a country like Canada with relatively low ambient UVR. Implementation of sun safety programs should be supported in an effort to reduce exposure in this vulnerable group of workers.

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