L’INFLUENCE DU STADE D’ECIMAGE ET DE LA DISTANCE DE PLANTATION SUR LES CARACTERISTIQUES AGRONOMIQUES ET CHIMIQUES DU TABAC A CIGARETTE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109-1112
Author(s):  
MICHEL LAMARRE
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Grade Index

The influence of the stage of topping and the planting distance as they influenced agronomic and chemical characters during the years 1974–1976 was studied on cigarette tobacco. The plants were spaced 41, 51 and 61 cm in the row, 122 cm between rows. The tobacco was topped at the early button stage, the button stage and at 25% flowering. A planting distance of 41 cm with early topping produced the best results, taking into consideration both agronomic and chemical factors. Early topping had no significant effect on yield, grade index, maturity index and percentage of reducing sugars. Late topping reduced revenue, percentage of nicotine, total alkaloids and total nitrogen. Close planting in the row increased yield and revenue while it decreased the level of total alkaloids and total nitrogen and had no significant effect on the other parameters studied.

RESPONSE OF CIGAR TOBACCO TO DIFFERENT DATES OF PLANTING AND SPACING

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-308
Author(s):  
V. KOZUMPLIK ◽  
P. P. LUKOSEVICIUS
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Planting Distance ◽  
Grade Index

Response of cigar tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in morphological, agronomic and chemical characteristics to date of planting and planting distance was studied during 1971–73. A cultivar and a breeding line of cigar tobacco were transplanted outdoors on 26 May, 9 (or 12) June and 23 June. The tobacco was spaced 36, 41 and 46 cm in rows that were 97 cm apart. The best results were obtained when cigar tobacco was transplanted not later than 9 June, and the plants were spaced 41 cm in the rows that were 97 cm apart. The highest number of leaves per plant, cured-leaf yield, percentage of nicotine and total alkaloids were obtained from the tobacco transplanted on the first or second date in 3 yr. In 2 yr, the later tobacco had the tallest plants, the largest leaves, the highest percent filler leaf, grade and crop index. Earlier-transplanted tobacco was harvested earlier, although the period to flower decreased with later date of planting. On the average, the tobacco spaced 41 cm was taller and had a shorter period to flower, and higher yield and crop index than that spaced 36 cm or 46 cm. Grade index, percent filler leaf, nicotine and total alkaloids were affected significantly by the distance in 1 yr only.

LES EFFETS DU pH ET DES ENGRAIS SUR LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DU TABAC A CIGARETTE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHEL LAMARRE
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Composition Chimique ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Potassium Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A 3-yr study was made of the effect of pH and fertilizer on the chemical composition of cigarette tobacco. The experiment comprised three pH treatments ranging from pH 4.5 to 7.0 and three rates of fertilizer application (673 kg/ha, 1346 kg/ha and 2018 kg/ha of 2-12-12T) and was carried out at Lavaltrie on an Uplands series sand. The leaf samples were analyzed to determine 12 parameters: ash, silica, nicotine, total nitrogen, reducing sugars, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, manganese and iron. In general, when the pH of the soil was high (6.5–7.0), the leaves contained heavier concentrations of the above-mentioned elements. Manganese and iron levels were lower, however, for plants on neutral soils than those on acid soils. The application of fertilizer raised the percentage of ash, nicotine, total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and manganese. Concentrations of the other elements declined when fertilizer was applied.

Influence de la fertilisation azotée sur la production du tabac à cigarette au Québec

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-419
Author(s):  
Michel Lamarre ◽  
Suzanne Payette
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Total N ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée

The effect of nitrogen applications on flue-cured tobacco production and chemical composition have been observed for 5 yr. The nitrogen applications resulted in an increase of yield, gross return, total alkaloids and total nitrogen and a decrease of quality index, maturity index, reducing sugars and ratio of reducing sugars:total alkaloids. The use of 30–45 kg ha−1 of nitrogen, depending on soil type and the cultivar, produces a tobacco with acceptable agronomic and chemical characteristics.Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen, yield, quality, gross return, total alkaloids, total N, reducing sugars

INFLUENCE OF TRANSPLANTING DATE ON THE AGRONOMIC, CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. COURT ◽  
JOHN G. HENDEL ◽  
MICHAEL R. BINNS
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Grade Index ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A field experiment was conducted from 1983 to 1987 on a Fox loamy sand soil to study the effects of transplanting date on selected agronomic, physical, and chemical characteristics of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) grown in Ontario. Tobacco plants (cv. Delgold) were transplanted at 3- to 5-d intervals commencing at approximately the middle of May and continuing for seven to nine planting dates into June. Delaying transplanting decreased yield, returns, total alkaloids, hexane extracts, lamina weight and percent lamina. Delaying transplanting also increased the chlorophyll content of the leaf but had no effect on reducing sugars, and only reduced grade index late in the planting season.Key words: Tobacco (flue-cured), transplanting date, yield, quality, tobacco chemistry

scholarly journals ''Ripening'' Tobacco with the Ethylene-Releasing Agent 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Steffens ◽  
J.G. Alphin ◽  
Z.T. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Green Colour ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Untreated Leaf

AbstractTreatment of flue-cured tobacco with the ethylene releasing agent 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) caused mature leaves to lose their green colour and turn yellow. The treated leaves appeared to go through a partial "yellowing'' or "colouring" phase prior to harvest. Treated leaves at harvest contained greater amounts of reducing sugars and lower levels of starch, relative to comparable untreated leaves. At the end of the curing process, comparisons between treated and untreated leaf showed that only small differences existed in total nitrogen, total alkaloids, starch, and reducing sugars. Statistically, protein of leaf treated with CEPA was significantly lower as compared to untreated leaf. For all yellowing times, dollar values per hundred weight of cured leaf from treated plants were higher than from untreated plants, but the average weight per leaf from treated plants was lower. During the curing process, leaf treated with CEPA can probably be subjected to shorter periods of yellowing or colouring than untreated leaf. If further work with "ripening'' chemicals such as CEPA show that they can be used to hasten yellowing or ripen tobacco successfully, as well as to reduce the time required for curing the crop, economic advantages are likely to accrue. It is to be hoped that such chemicals may help reduce the labour and investment required for crop production, and at the same time improve crop quality

Quantitative genetic studies in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). II. Certain physical and chemical characters

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Pandeya ◽  
V. A. Dirks ◽  
G. Poushinsky ◽  
B. F. Zilkey
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chemical Characters ◽  
Percent Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Genetic analyses of flue-cured tobacco leaf physical characteristics (percent lamina, lamina weight, and filling value) and chemical characteristics (percent total alkaloids, reducing sugars, nitrogen, ash, and cellulose) were conducted on a five parent diallel set (excluding reciprocals) evaluated at the Delhi Research Station in a randomized block design over a 2-year period. The ANOVA indicated that there was variance associated with the genetic source for all characteristics except filling value. Griffing's analysis for variances owing to general and specific combining abilities suggested additive genetic variance as the main source of genetic variation. Variances owing to specific combining ability for all traits were exceeded by the variance of the estimates indicating dominance to be of no major consequence in the expression of these physical and chemical traits. Total alkaloids and percent nitrogen expressed maximum heritability, and Wr–Vr graphs supported the conclusions. Parental diversity was evident from the scatter of array points and graphic analysis also indicated lack of dominance. Examination of pleiotropic effects revealed that traits related positively with alkaloids and nitrogen were negatively correlated with carbohydrate fractions such as reducing sugars and cellulose.Key words: tobacco, heritability, dominance, additive effects.

RENDEMENT ET QUALITÉ DU TABAC À CIGARETTE FERTILISÉ AVEC DIFFÉRENTES FORMES D'AZOTE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 779-784
Author(s):  
MICHEL LAMARRE ◽  
SUZANNE PAYETTE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Yield Quality

The effects of three forms of nitrogen on flue-cured tobacco production were observed for 5 yr. Significant effects were obtained for yield, quality, gross return and total nitrogen. No significant differences were found for maturity, total alkaloids or reducing sugars. The data showed that the use of a fertilizer containing 75% nitrogen in the form of [Formula: see text] or urea and 25% as [Formula: see text] produces a tobacco with acceptable agronomic and chemical characteristics. Key words: Flue-cured tobacco, nitrogen forms, nitrogen sources, nitrate [Formula: see text], ammonium [Formula: see text], urea

INFLUENCE OF ETHEPHON ON FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Quality Deterioration ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Harvesting Technique ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Grade Index

Ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid) was applied to flue-cured tobacco plants subjected to variations in cultural regime and harvesting technique to determine its influence on maturation, yield and quality. The response to ethephon treatment was evident in ripe or nearly ripe leaves after 3 days. Ethephon treatment usually caused a reduction in grade index and in content of reducing sugars, but yield and content of total alkaloids were largely unaffected by such treatment. Quality deterioration of leaves from low or middle stalk positions occurred during the curing process even though such leaves were harvested prior to the color change (yellowing) indicative of treatment effect. In spite of quality deterioration from ethephon treatment, cigarettes made from treated leaves were preferable to cigarettes made from untreated leaves. The potential of ethephon treatment would appear to be greatest for leaves at upper stalk positions, which are most likely to be damaged by frost. Such leaves responded to ethephon, if ripe or nearly so, without undergoing significant quality deterioration.

Effects Attributed to Maleic Hydrazide when used for Chemical Sucker Control on Bright Tobacco

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Seltmann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Total Alkaloids ◽  
Group I ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractThe effect of maleic hydrazide (MH) per se on bright tobacco was determined by comparing plants treated with MH to those without MH under conditions of good chemical sucker control. Sequential applications of each of five contact-type agents with MH one week later (Group I) were compared to dual applications of each of the same contact agents (Group II). In Group II suckers missed during applications were individually wetted to ensure excellent control. Sucker control was measured as 95 % for Group I and assumed to be 99 % for Group II. There were no agronomic differences between Groups I and II. In the visual warehouse appraisal, there was only a statistical difference for thin-bodied tobaccos between the two groups and a trend for slightly more heavy-bodied tobaccos in Group I. The chemical and physical analyses showed that filling value at 13 % moisture and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) measured at 60 % relative humidity were significantly lower in Group I than Group II. The result for EMC was questioned. Actual values for total alkaloids, total volatile bases minus nicotine, total ash, and alkalinity number of water-soluble ash were lower and reducing sugars were higher where MH was used. Except for EMC, the findings in this study reflected those established in studies where MH-treated and normally hand-suckered tobaccos were compared, but the differences here were generally not as great.

COMPARISON OF INTACT, LATE-CASTRATED, AND DIETHYLSTILBESTROL (DES)-IMPLANTED BOARS WITH BARROWS AND GILTS: NITROGEN AND ENERGY DIGESTIBILITY, NITROGEN RETENTION, CARCASS MEASUREMENTS, MUSCLE ANALYSES, AND RESIDUAL DES IN MUSCLE TISSUE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. NEWELL ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Grade Index

Forty boars, eight barrows, and eight gilts were allotted in groups of four pigs each at an average weight of 13.1 kg. Metabolism studies with a portion of the animals were conducted at 15 and 50 kg liveweight. Although no statistical differences between sexes were found in these studies, barrows tended to digest more nitrogen (N) but to retain less than boars and gilts. N digestibility (DN) and retention (NR) values at 50 kg were higher than those at 15 kg. The three sexes were found to be similar in energy digestibility (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME). Significant differences were found for boars in DE and ME coefficients between the two periods, averaging 83.2 and 85.6% DE in the 15- and 50-kg periods, respectively. At 70 kg, 16 boars were implanted with 96 mg of diethylstilbestrol (DES), 16 boars were castrated, and 8 boars were left intact. Barrows had thicker backfat (P < 0.05) and lower (P < 0.05) grade index than any of the other treatments. Late-castrated boars showed a general trend to revert to the carcass characteristics of barrows but were still superior to barrows at market weight. No significant differences between treatments were found for dry matter, protein, fat, or ash content of the longissimus muscle. No residual DES was found in the muscle tissue of the implanted boars.

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