HERITABILITIES OF AND CORRELATIONS AMONG QUALITY TRAITS IN WHEAT

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BAKER ◽  
A. B. CAMPBELL ◽  
K. H. TIPPLES
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Diastatic Activity ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Quality Measurements

Quality data from Western Canadian Cooperative Wheat Tests were analyzed. Standard deviations of 25 different quality measurements were determined and will allow wheat breeders to assess the significance of differences in their material. Estimates of heritability indicated that protein content and remix loaf volumes were highly heritable while gassing power, diastatic activity and other measures of amylase activity appeared to be influenced mainly by environmental factors. It was recognized that estimates of heritability were probably biased upward due to the nature of the data, and a need for studies designed for the purpose of estimating heritability of quality traits was expressed. Correlations among quality measurements were estimated. Prediction of loaf volumes on the basis of measurements on flour were quite successful, and indicated the importance of measurements such as protein content, farinograph development time and gassing power in early generation selection for quality.

Early generation selection in wheat. II. Grain quality

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fischer ◽  
L O'Brien ◽  
KJ Quail
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Early Generation Selection ◽  
Selection For

In order to test early-generation selection for grain quality, random F1-derived progeny from a multiple convergent cross of 16 high-yielding bread wheats were grown in F3 generation, along with the parents, as spaced plants in a glasshouse under optimal conditions. Progeny lines were then advanced without selection to F7 when 58 random lines were sown with the parents in a replicated yield experiment at Griffith under irrigation and optimal management. Small-scale grain quality tests were performed on grain from the F3 plants, the F7 plots and the parents. The tests comprised particle size index (PSI), grain and flour protein content (GP, FP), sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume (SDS), Pelshenke wheatmeal fermentation time (PEL) and flour milling yield (MY).There were significant genotypic effects for all quality traits in each generation. Phenotypic correlations in F3 and in F7 showed positive correlations between protein content and SDS and PEL, and in F7 a strong negative correlation between grain yield and grain quality (GP, FP, SDS, PEL). Across generations (F3 versus F7), the relationship was strong for PSI, moderate for SDS and PEL, but nonsignificant for the other traits.The realized heritability was high for PSI (77%), moderate for SDS (44%) and PEL (47%), but low (18-24%) in the other cases. Selection at an intensity of 26% for the first three mentioned traits did not significantly change grain yield, plant height or flowering date, although for GP and FP it did lower grain yield by 7%. Desirable quality types were defined within the three hardness (PSI) classes, namely, hard, intermediate, and soft (gluten type not biscuit type). Retrospective selection in F3 for desirable types significantly and markedly increased the frequency of desirable types in each class by three- to eight-fold. It is concluded that in wheat early generation selection for PSI, SDS and PEL, even when practised upon glasshouse-grown plants, gives useful progress without prejudicing grain yield.

EARLY GENERATION SELECTION FOR PROTEIN IN Glycine max × G. soja CROSSES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. ERICKSON ◽  
W. D. BEVERSDORF ◽  
H. D. VOLDENG
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Early Generation Selection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For

Early generation selection for high seed-protein content would be desirable in breeding programs attempting to combine high yield and high protein content in soybeans (Gycine max (L.) Merr.). The heritability of seed-protein content in the F2 and F3 was measured in four crosses and mass and family selection for protein were compared in the F3 of these crosses. Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc., a putative wild ancestor of the soybean, was the male parent in all crosses and selection intensity was at 10%. The heritability of protein in the F2, calculated by parent-offspring regression, was 27%. The broad-sense heritability of protein in F3 families grown over two locations in one season was 78%. Mean protein content for every selected population was greater (P ≤ 0.01) than the mean for the non-selected control population (45.3%). Mean protein contents of the F4 populations resulting from these selection methods were: mass selection in the F2 and F3, 48.0%; mass selection in the F3 following one generation of single seed descent, 48.8%; selection among F3 families, 47.6%; selection among and within F3 families, 47.5%. Either method of mass selection was superior to either method of family selection at the 0.01 level. Although early selection (mass or family) raised the mean protein content of a population, segregation continued to give rise to low-protein genotypes thereby requiring further selection.

Effectiveness of two methods of early generation selection for protein content in durum wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Legge ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
L. E. Evans ◽  
D. Leisle
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Hill Plots

Wheat breeders must maintain or increase grain protein content (%) while simultaneously increasing grain yield. More rapid methods of determining protein content are required to successfully select for this trait in early generations when the frequency of desirable genotypes is greatest. Therefore, the effectiveness of two methods of early generation selection for protein content was studied in three durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) crosses. For the first method (ISDM), bulked seed from F2 plants was imbibed in water for 7 d at 0–2 °C, and separated with a sucrose-NaCl solution into low and high density fractions for high (HP) and low (LP) protein content selection groups, respectively. The second method (NIRM) used near infrared reflectance data from F3 lines grown in replicated hill plots to establish HP and LP. A random (RP) selection group was also established for each method. The F2 spaced plants and F3 hill plots were grown at Glenlea in 1984. Selection groups were evaluated in F5 at Glenlea and Winnipeg in 1985 using replicated hill plots for ISDM, and hill and four-row plots for NIRM. Overall, response to selection as determined in F5 ranged from 0 to 0.4% unit protein content. HP had significantly higher protein content than LP in one, one and three of six cross locations for ISDM hill, NIRM hill and NIRM row plots, respectively. Although generally intermediate, RP seldom differed significantly from HP or LP. Low response to selection was probably due to genotype × environment interactions resulting from contrasting and unfavorable conditions during the grain filling period in 1984 and 1985. Heritability in standard units for protein content using F3-F5 correlations ranged from 20 to 57% and 11 to 37% for NIRM row and hill plots, respectively. It was concluded that, under the conditions of this study, response to selection was too low for either method to justify the effort required to select for protein content in early generations. Key words: Selection methods, near infrared reflectance, imbibed seed density, protein content, heritability, Triticum turgidum L. var durum

scholarly journals Stability of four Croatian bread winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars for quality traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 402-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barić ◽  
M. Pecina ◽  
H. Šarčević ◽  
S. Kereša
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dough Development Time

Stability of breadmaking quality of four Croatian bread winter wheat cultivars was investigated using rheological traits from the farinogram (dough development time, stability, degree of softening, water absorption, Hankoczy quality number) and the extensogram (extensibility, maximum resistance, ratio of resistance to extensibility, energy) and the indirect traits (protein content, wet gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation volume, Hagberg falling number). Stability was evaluated for four cultivars grown in 12 environments in different parts of Croatia. Four stability parameters, covering a wide range of statistical approaches, were used to estimate cultivar stability. Variability for the stability of quality among cultivars was established. The cultivars Kuna and Banica showed high performance for most quality traits and were also identified as stable for the majority of them. The cultivar Žitarka was stable for four farinogram traits showing high level of performance only for dough development time, while Marija showed stability for only three traits but with unfavourable mean values for all of them. The largest contribution of genotype by environment effects in the total sum of variance components was found for the farinogram traits stability and dough development time, while the lowest, but similar to each other for protein content and wet gluten content.

Heritabilities of small-scale and standard measures of wheat quality for early generation selection

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
L O'Brien ◽  
JA Ronalds
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Early Generation Selection ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Heritability Estimates

This paper compares offspring-parent heritability estimates for a number of small-scale early generation quality tests with those from standard macromeasures of wheat quality for their application to early generation selection for wheat quality. It especially reports heritability estimates for two new small-scale tests, the proportion of total flour protein insoluble in dilute acetic acid (residue protein) and the sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume. Materials utilized in this study were 21 random F3 lines and their derived F4 bulks from each of seven wheat crosses.The heritability estimates for the determination of quality by small-scale and standard macro-quality test procedures varied between crosses, and the lack or range in test values in either generation was generally not the cause of the low to zero estimates obtained.Flour milling yield and flour protein content were the only two small-scale tests to exhibit low to zero heritability estimates in some crosses, while for the standard macromeasures it was the farinograph properties, development time and dough breakdown, and the extensograph properties, extensibility and resistance to stretching.When data were pooled over crosses, medium to high heritability estimates were obtained for all of the small-scale test procedures and for all of the macromeasures except for farinograph development time and dough breakdown and extensograph extensibility.Despite the effects of genotype x environment interactions in reducing heritability, the estimates reported indicate that, where seed quantity is limiting, good average response to early generation selection can be expected using tests to estimate grain hardness, flour protein content and a measure of protein quality. When seed quantity is not limiting, good average response to early generation selection can be expected using the standard macromeasures of wheat quality.

The effect on yield distribution of early generation selection for quality

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
L O'Brien ◽  
JA Ronalds
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Yield Distribution ◽  
Early Generation Selection ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Independent Culling ◽  
Selection For

In simulation of a wheat-breeding situation, random F3 lines derived from seven wheat crosses were quality tested, and decisions to retain or discard them were made on the individual test results for flourmilling extraction, flour protein content and four separate measures of protein quality. Decisions were also made using regimes of tests that selected entries for high flour extraction and their balance of grain hardness, protein content and quality optimum for different wheat end-uses (bread, cakes, pastries, etc.). In the F4 generation all entries were grown in replicated yield trials. The effect of early generation selection for quality on the subsequent yield distribution was assessed by comparing the F4 yield distributions of the entire population with those for the designated quality test. Independent culling for flour-milling extraction and protein quality did not alter the nature of the subsequent yield distributions. However, independent culling in the F3 for flour protein content resulted in the loss of more lines of above average yield than below average yield in the F4 generation. Furthermore, the significant negative correlation between F3 flour protein content and F4 grain yield indicates that overemphasis on selection for high protein content would reduce the rate of yield improvement in the following generation. Application of the early generation testing regimes resulted in up to 66% of the lines being classified as having undesirable quality without the nature of the subsequent yield distribution being affected. The results of this study have application to the planning of wheat-breeding programmes that aim to produce high-yielding, good-quality wheats.

Correlated response to selection for litter size in pigs: II. Carcass, meat, and fat quality traits

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Estany ◽  
D. Villalba ◽  
M. Tor ◽  
D. Cubiló ◽  
J. L. Noguera
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Fat Quality ◽  
Selection For

PSV-11 The effects of pelleting and extrusion on nutrient composition and protein quality measurements in a variety Canadian pulses

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 302-302
Author(s):  
Cara Cargo-Froom ◽  
Anna-Kate Shoveller ◽  
Daniel A Columbus ◽  
Chris Marinangeli ◽  
Elijah Kiarie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Quality Measurements

Abstract Alternative forms of protein are an important focus in nutrition. This study sought to compare the effects of pelleting and extrusion on nutrient composition and protein quality measurements of Canadian pulses. Pulses used for the study included: 2 pea variety (Amarillo and dunn), lentils, chickpeas, and faba bean. Ingredients were ground through a 10/64” or a 2/64” screen to create a coarse and fine ground product, respectively. Both coarse and fine ground ingredients were pelleted at 60–65, 70–75, and 80–85 C0. Fine ground ingredients were extruded at three different temperatures (110, 130, 150 C0) and two moisture levels (18 and 22%). Samples were collected for all runs at the beginning, middle, and end of each run for both pelleted and extruded samples. Samples were analyzed for proximate analysis, amino acids including lysinoalanine, total and damaged starch, and total dietary fibre (including insoluble and soluble). Data were analyzed using a mixed model via proc glimmix in SAS, where ingredient, process, grind, temperature, and extrusion moisture were treated as fixed effects with different interactions selected based on model investigated. Crude protein content of whole pulses was highest in faba bean and lowest in the Amarillo pea, with faba bean protein content significantly higher than all other pulses, and lentil protein content significantly higher than Amarillo peas (P < 0.05). All pelleting temperatures, nested within grind, significantly increased crude protein content of all pulses compared to whole pulses (P < 0.05). All extrusion moistures significantly increased crude protein content of all pulses compared to whole pulses (P < 0.05) and moisture/temperature interactions were significantly higher for all pulses compared to whole pulses (P < 0.05). Amino acid comparisons produced similar significant results. This suggests that pelleting and extrusion processing can have a positive impact on protein content of pulses and protein quality measurements in pulses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document