Effectiveness of two methods of early generation selection for protein content in durum wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Legge ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
L. E. Evans ◽  
D. Leisle
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Hill Plots

Wheat breeders must maintain or increase grain protein content (%) while simultaneously increasing grain yield. More rapid methods of determining protein content are required to successfully select for this trait in early generations when the frequency of desirable genotypes is greatest. Therefore, the effectiveness of two methods of early generation selection for protein content was studied in three durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) crosses. For the first method (ISDM), bulked seed from F2 plants was imbibed in water for 7 d at 0–2 °C, and separated with a sucrose-NaCl solution into low and high density fractions for high (HP) and low (LP) protein content selection groups, respectively. The second method (NIRM) used near infrared reflectance data from F3 lines grown in replicated hill plots to establish HP and LP. A random (RP) selection group was also established for each method. The F2 spaced plants and F3 hill plots were grown at Glenlea in 1984. Selection groups were evaluated in F5 at Glenlea and Winnipeg in 1985 using replicated hill plots for ISDM, and hill and four-row plots for NIRM. Overall, response to selection as determined in F5 ranged from 0 to 0.4% unit protein content. HP had significantly higher protein content than LP in one, one and three of six cross locations for ISDM hill, NIRM hill and NIRM row plots, respectively. Although generally intermediate, RP seldom differed significantly from HP or LP. Low response to selection was probably due to genotype × environment interactions resulting from contrasting and unfavorable conditions during the grain filling period in 1984 and 1985. Heritability in standard units for protein content using F3-F5 correlations ranged from 20 to 57% and 11 to 37% for NIRM row and hill plots, respectively. It was concluded that, under the conditions of this study, response to selection was too low for either method to justify the effort required to select for protein content in early generations. Key words: Selection methods, near infrared reflectance, imbibed seed density, protein content, heritability, Triticum turgidum L. var durum

Evaluation of seed components of wild soybean (Glycine soja) collected in Japan using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Do Wee ◽  
Masatsugu Hashiguchi ◽  
Genki Ishigaki ◽  
Melody Muguerza ◽  
Chika Oba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Wild Soybean ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Lipid Contents

AbstractSeed composition, including the protein, lipid and sucrose contents of 334 accessions of wild soybean (Glycine soja) collected in Japan, was evaluated using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technology. The distribution of protein, lipid and sucrose contents and correlations among these three classes of seed components were determined. Protein, lipid and sucrose levels ranged in accessions from 48.6 to 57.0, 9.0 to 14.3 and 1.24 to 3.53%, respectively. Average levels of protein, lipid and sucrose in the accessions were 54, 11 and 2.5%, respectively. High negative correlations were observed between the protein and lipid contents, and the protein and sucrose contents. Mean levels of the three constituents were compared among collection sites classified by climatic conditions. The total protein content of accessions from regions with a high annual mean temperature was high. The protein content of accessions from the II-1 region was higher than those from the III-3 region, and the sucrose content from the II-1 region was lower than those from regions III-2 and IV-3. The lipid content of plants from the II-1 region was lower than those from other regions, and the accessions in region II had a higher protein content and lower sucrose and lipid contents than the other regions. These results provide diverse and wide-ranged protein, lipid and sucrose contents information of Japanese wild soybean resources according to climatic region; thus, providing a foundation for the future development and selection of new soybean varieties with desired traits in global environmental changes.

Sampling requirements for predicting cattle diet quality using faecal near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (F.NIRS) in heterogeneous tropical rangeland pastures

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. White ◽  
L. P. Hunt ◽  
D. P. Poppi ◽  
S. R. Petty
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Collection Method

Faecal near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (F.NIRS) provides predictive information on cattle diets and nutritional levels, useful for livestock management or for research purposes. Potential errors exist throughout the entire F.NIRS process, including the collection method. The accepted collection method involves aggregating equal amounts of faecal material from 5 to 15 animals, mixing and removing a single sample for analysis. The adequacy of this method was tested by collecting and analysing up to 70 samples from individual cattle in different paddocks. Two methods were used to determine sample size based on observed variability in dietary attributes. Variability of dietary non-grass material and crude protein content increased with paddock size, so required sample size also increased. For dietary F.NIRS predictions to be used for research, our results suggest from 20 to 51 samples are needed in small to large paddocks to accurately predict the proportion of dietary non-grass material, from 12 to 50 samples for crude protein content and from 6 to 34 samples for dry matter digestibility. Composite samples from 15 cattle provided representative means in less than 50% of the situations investigated using biologically significant precision levels, but would be adequate for management of animal nutrition. Analysis of individual samples provided additional measures of range and variability which were also informative.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Metode Pengujian Keaslian Beras Aceh Menggunakan Nirs Dengan Metode PCA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 578-587
Author(s):  
Masyitah Masyitah ◽  
Syahrul Syahrul ◽  
Zulfahrizal Zulfahrizal
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Scatter Correction ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Ft Ir

Abstrak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membangun model pendugaan untuk menilai keaslian beras Aceh berdasarkan spektrum NIRS yang dihasilkan. Pendeteksian keaslian beras Aceh secara cepat dan efesien dapat diwujudkan melalui pengembangan teknologi Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS). Penelitian ini menggunakan beras varietas Sigupai (Aceh Barat Daya), varietas  Sanbay (Simeulue) dan varietas Ciherang. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 45 sampel. Pengukuran spektrum beras menggunakan Self developed FT-IR IPTEK T-1516. Klasifikasi data spektrum beras menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dengan dua  pretreatment yaitu De-trending dan Multiplicative Scatter Correction. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh yaitu: Spektrum NIRS beras menunjukkan keberadaan kandungan lemak pada panjang gelombang 2355 nm - 2462 nm. Kandungan karbohidrat pada panjang gelombang 2256 nm - 2321 nm.  Kandungan protein pada panjang gelombang 2056 nm - 2166 nm. Kandungan kadar air pada panjang gelombang 1910 nm-1980 nm dan panjag gelombang 1411 nm - 1492 nm menunjukkan kandungan protein dan kadar air. NIRS dengan metode PCA mampu membedakan pencampuran beras Sigupai dengan beras Ciherang dimana pembedaan terbaik terjadi dalam bentuk dua macam pengelompokan yaitu beras  Sigupai ≥ 75 dan beras Sigupai ≤50 dan pretreatment de-trending merupakan pretreatment terbaik dalam mengklasifikasi beras Aceh (Sigupai dan Sanbay) dengan beras Nasional (Ciherang).Development of Methods for Testing the Authenticity of Aceh Rice Using NIRS with the PCA MethodAbstract. The purpose of this study is to develop a prediction model to assess the authenticity of Aceh rice based on the NIRS spectrum produced. The detection of the authenticity of Aceh rice quickly and efficiently can be realized through technological development Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS). This study uses Sigupai rice varieties (Aceh Barat Daya), Sanbay (Simeulue) and Ciherang. The number of samples used in this study was 45 samples. Measurement of rice spectrum  using Self developed FT-IR IPTEK T-1516. Rice spectrum data classification uses the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with two pretreatments, namely De-trending and Multiplicative Scatter Correction. The results of this study were obtained: NIRS spectrum of rice showed the presence of fat content at a wavelength of 2355 nm - 2462 nm. Carbohydrate content at wavelength 2256 nm - 2321 nm. Protein content at wavelength 2056 nm - 2166 nm. The content of water content at a wavelength of 1910 nm-1980 nm and wave length of 1411 nm - 1492 nm shows the protein content and water content. NIRS with the PCA method was able to distinguish the mixing of Sigupai rice from Ciherang rice where the best differentiation occurred in the form of two types of grouping namely Sigupai rice ≥ 75 and Sigupai rice ≤ 50 and de-trending pretreatment was the best pretreatment in classifying Aceh rice (Sigupai and Sanbay) with National rice (Ciherang).

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy as a potential surrogate method for the analysis of D13C in mature kernels of durum wheat

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Ferrio ◽  
E. Bertran ◽  
M. Nachit ◽  
C. Royo ◽  
J. L. Araus
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Local Models ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Δ13c Values ◽  
Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Wide Range

Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) in grain is a potentially useful trait in breeding programs that aim to increase the yield of wheat and other cereals. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is used in routine assays to determine grain and flour quality. This study assesses the ability of NIRS to predict Δ13C in mature kernels of durum wheat. Plants were grown in north-west Syria as this location provided 3 distinct Mediterranean trials that covered a wide range for Δ13C values in grains (from about 12.9‰ to 17.6‰). We measured the spectral reflectance signature between 1100 and 2500 nm in samples from the same flour used in the conventional (i.e. mass spectrometry) determinations of Δ13C. By using principal components regression and partial least squares regression (PLSR), a model of the association between conventional laboratory analysis and these spectra was produced. Global regressions, which included samples from all 3 trials, and local models, which used samples from only one trial, were built and then validated with sample sets not included in calibration procedures. In global models, strong significant correlations (P < 0.001) were found between NIRS-predicted Δ13C and measured Δ13C values. PLSR gave r 2 values of 0.86 and 0.82 for calibration and validation sets, respectively. Although less strongly correlated, all local models selected for a subset of samples with significantly higher Δ13C values. Local models also performed well when selecting samples from the other 2 trials. The advantages and possible limitations of NIRS are further discussed.

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