Early generation selection in wheat. II. Grain quality

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fischer ◽  
L O'Brien ◽  
KJ Quail
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Early Generation Selection ◽  
Selection For

In order to test early-generation selection for grain quality, random F1-derived progeny from a multiple convergent cross of 16 high-yielding bread wheats were grown in F3 generation, along with the parents, as spaced plants in a glasshouse under optimal conditions. Progeny lines were then advanced without selection to F7 when 58 random lines were sown with the parents in a replicated yield experiment at Griffith under irrigation and optimal management. Small-scale grain quality tests were performed on grain from the F3 plants, the F7 plots and the parents. The tests comprised particle size index (PSI), grain and flour protein content (GP, FP), sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume (SDS), Pelshenke wheatmeal fermentation time (PEL) and flour milling yield (MY).There were significant genotypic effects for all quality traits in each generation. Phenotypic correlations in F3 and in F7 showed positive correlations between protein content and SDS and PEL, and in F7 a strong negative correlation between grain yield and grain quality (GP, FP, SDS, PEL). Across generations (F3 versus F7), the relationship was strong for PSI, moderate for SDS and PEL, but nonsignificant for the other traits.The realized heritability was high for PSI (77%), moderate for SDS (44%) and PEL (47%), but low (18-24%) in the other cases. Selection at an intensity of 26% for the first three mentioned traits did not significantly change grain yield, plant height or flowering date, although for GP and FP it did lower grain yield by 7%. Desirable quality types were defined within the three hardness (PSI) classes, namely, hard, intermediate, and soft (gluten type not biscuit type). Retrospective selection in F3 for desirable types significantly and markedly increased the frequency of desirable types in each class by three- to eight-fold. It is concluded that in wheat early generation selection for PSI, SDS and PEL, even when practised upon glasshouse-grown plants, gives useful progress without prejudicing grain yield.

Yield and quality interrelationships amongst random F3 lines and their implications for wheat breeding

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
L O'Brien ◽  
JA Ronalds
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Quality Measures ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Grain Hardness ◽  
Empirical Measures ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Flour Yield

The relationship between grain yield and grain quality was studied amongst sets of random Fj lines from seven wheat crosses. The quality measures used included grain hardness, flour yield, flour protein content, farinograph and extensograph properties, and small-scale empirical measures such as Zeleny and sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume, residue protein content, and Pelshenke fermentation time. A significant negative correlation was found between grain yield and flour protein content. Thus selection for either characteristic would be to the detriment of the other. However, grain yield was not significantly correlated with the other quality measures, indicating that high-yielding, good-quality wheats could be obtained from the population. Most of the small-scale tests were correlated with farinograph and extensograph properties, but the correlation coefficients were not as high as those obtained with varieties or advanced breeding lines. The relationships were not dependent on differences in flour yield, grain hardness or flour protein content, thereby simplifying their application to breeding programs. Concurrent breeding for higher grain yield and improved functional quality would appear feasible. However, flour protein content would, at best, be maintained at current levels as yield increased.

F3 response to F2 selection for quality and its effect on F3 yield distribution

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
L O'Brien ◽  
JF Panozzo ◽  
JA Ronalds
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Yield Distribution ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Sedimentation Volume

Seed of F2 single plant selections from two crosses was evaluated using a number of small-scale quality tests.F2 quality test values were significantly correlated with farinograph and extensograph properties in the F3, but no one test was correlated with all of the physical dough measures. The Pelshenke time and the proportion of residue protein were the small-scale measures most consistently correlated with dough strength (farinograph dough breakdown and extensograph maximum resistance) in the F3 and between the F2 and F3 generations.Applications of independent culling in the F2 for each test did not alter the subsequent nature of the F3 yield distribution except for flour protein content and Zeleny volume, where there was a preferential loss of lines from the higher yielding end. This resulted from the negative correlations between flour protein content and yield, both within the F3 (r=-0.66**) and between the F2 and F3 (r= -0-44**). The negative relationship between grain yield and Zeleny volume was due to the effect of protein content on Zeleny volume.Application of quality testing regimes that estimated grain hardness, protein content and dough strength in the F2 did not adversely affect the nature of the F3 yield distribution, yet permitted up to 71% of the population to be removed because of unsatisfactory balance of quality attributes. These results have considerable implications for the planning of wheat breeding programmes.Additional keywords: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume, Zeleny sedimentation volume, Pelshenke wheatmeal fermentation time, residue protein content.

EARLY GENERATION SELECTION FOR PROTEIN IN Glycine max × G. soja CROSSES

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. ERICKSON ◽  
W. D. BEVERSDORF ◽  
H. D. VOLDENG
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Glycine Soja ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Early Generation Selection ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For

Early generation selection for high seed-protein content would be desirable in breeding programs attempting to combine high yield and high protein content in soybeans (Gycine max (L.) Merr.). The heritability of seed-protein content in the F2 and F3 was measured in four crosses and mass and family selection for protein were compared in the F3 of these crosses. Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc., a putative wild ancestor of the soybean, was the male parent in all crosses and selection intensity was at 10%. The heritability of protein in the F2, calculated by parent-offspring regression, was 27%. The broad-sense heritability of protein in F3 families grown over two locations in one season was 78%. Mean protein content for every selected population was greater (P ≤ 0.01) than the mean for the non-selected control population (45.3%). Mean protein contents of the F4 populations resulting from these selection methods were: mass selection in the F2 and F3, 48.0%; mass selection in the F3 following one generation of single seed descent, 48.8%; selection among F3 families, 47.6%; selection among and within F3 families, 47.5%. Either method of mass selection was superior to either method of family selection at the 0.01 level. Although early selection (mass or family) raised the mean protein content of a population, segregation continued to give rise to low-protein genotypes thereby requiring further selection.

Early generation selection for milling quality in five bread wheat crosses

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
L O'Brien ◽  
DJ Mares ◽  
FW Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Early Generation Selection ◽  
Yellow Pigment Content ◽  
Selection For

A milling quality assessment protocol using a 10 g seed sample was developed. Its ability to discriminate between wheats differing in milling quality and its application to early generation selection were evaluated. The procedure reliably and accurately discriminated between the varieties Sunco, Hartog and Sunelg for the flour parameters yellow pigment content, Kent-Jones colour grade and yield. The procedure was applied to progeny of F2 single plant selections from five bread wheat crosses, and heritabilities and simulated response to selection measured in the F3 generation. Medium to high heritabilities were obtained for yellow pigment content and colour grade, while those for flour yield were generally lower and varied considerably between crosses. Results of simulated selection versus values for control varieties indicated that the protocol would result in positive response to selection for milling quality. The outcome for some crosses, however, was influenced by the comparatively high values for the control varieties, whereas the use of a lesser standard gave improved response to selection. The best simulated selection results were obtained from the Suneca/Sunfield cross in which values for both parents exceeded those of the standard (Hartog). However, there was no transgressive segregation for improved milling quality in any cross. Phenotypic correlations between milling parameters and grain yield were generally non-significant indicating that the sequence of trait selection (i.e. grain yield or milling quality) would have minimal influence on the other attribute. The data indicate that response to selection for milling quality would result from application of this protocol to the early generations of a wheat breeding program.

Heritabilities of small-scale and standard measures of wheat quality for early generation selection

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
L O'Brien ◽  
JA Ronalds
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Early Generation Selection ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Heritability Estimates

This paper compares offspring-parent heritability estimates for a number of small-scale early generation quality tests with those from standard macromeasures of wheat quality for their application to early generation selection for wheat quality. It especially reports heritability estimates for two new small-scale tests, the proportion of total flour protein insoluble in dilute acetic acid (residue protein) and the sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume. Materials utilized in this study were 21 random F3 lines and their derived F4 bulks from each of seven wheat crosses.The heritability estimates for the determination of quality by small-scale and standard macro-quality test procedures varied between crosses, and the lack or range in test values in either generation was generally not the cause of the low to zero estimates obtained.Flour milling yield and flour protein content were the only two small-scale tests to exhibit low to zero heritability estimates in some crosses, while for the standard macromeasures it was the farinograph properties, development time and dough breakdown, and the extensograph properties, extensibility and resistance to stretching.When data were pooled over crosses, medium to high heritability estimates were obtained for all of the small-scale test procedures and for all of the macromeasures except for farinograph development time and dough breakdown and extensograph extensibility.Despite the effects of genotype x environment interactions in reducing heritability, the estimates reported indicate that, where seed quantity is limiting, good average response to early generation selection can be expected using tests to estimate grain hardness, flour protein content and a measure of protein quality. When seed quantity is not limiting, good average response to early generation selection can be expected using the standard macromeasures of wheat quality.

scholarly journals Yield and grain quality of baking winter wheat of different varieties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Hospodarenko ◽  
V. V. Liubych ◽  
Ya. S. Riabovol ◽  
I. V. Kochovska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Stability ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Grain Unit

Purpose. Study the formation of yield and grain quality of baking winter wheat of different varieties. Methods. Laboratory, physico-chemical, mathematical and statistical. Results. The grain yield of baking winter wheat varied significantly depending on the variety. On average over two years of research, the highest yield (8.12–8.47 t/ha) was obtained in ‘Colonia’, ‘RGT Reform’, ‘Quebec’, ‘Tobak’, ‘Mescal’ and ‘Emile’ varieties. In ‘Bonanza’ and ‘Rivero’ varieties, this indicator was at the level of 7.48–7.53 t/ha. It should be noted that the stability index was high (0.92–0.98) for growing all varieties. In the favourable 2020 year, the grain yield ranged between 7.62 and 8.80 t/ha, while in the less favourable years it ranged between 7.34 and 8.26 t/ha depending on the variety. On average, over two years of research, the protein content of more than 13.0% was formed by ‘Emile’, ‘Bonanza’, ‘RGT Reform’ and ‘Quebec’ varieties, while in other the varieties it was 12.4–12.9%. The studied varieties of baking wheat had a high stability of protein content (0.98–0.99). Baking winter wheat grain had an average gluten content of 27.7–29.7%, depending on the variety, with high stability. Its highest content (29.5–29.7%) was obtained in ‘Emile’, ‘Quebec’ and ‘RGT Reform’ varieties. The gluten content in grain was directly proportional to the protein content. There is a direct very high correlation between these indicators (r = 0.91 ± 0.001). According to the Zeleny sedimentation test results, flour strength was high only in ‘Quebec’ variety, while in the other varieties it was medium. The grain of ‘Quebec’ and ‘RGT Reform’ varieties corresponds to valuable wheat; ‘Rivero’ and ‘Bonanza’ correspond to a good filler, while the rest of the varieties correspond to a satisfactory filler. The grain of ‘Quebec’, ‘Mescal’, ‘Rivero’ and ‘Colonia’ varieties is medium hard as the hardness was 54.1–59.1 units of instrument. Grain of the other varieties is soft with 48.3–51.1 units of instrument. Grain of ‘RGT Reform’, ‘Rivero’, ‘Emile’ and ‘Tobak’ varieties had the largest (794–812 g/l) grain unit. This indicator in the other varieties was at the level of 760–785 g/l. Flour strength is directly proportional to protein content. There is the direct high correlation between these indicators (r = 0.87 ± 0.002). Correlation between the protein content and the sedimentation index by Zeleny test was direct high (r = 0.79 ± 0.001). However, with grain hardness it was inversely weak, and with the grain unit direct moderate (r = 0.35±0.003). Conclusions. Yield of winter baking wheat varieties was in the range from 7.48 to 8.47 t/ha, protein content varied from 12.4 to 13.8%. Protein content highly correlated with the major baking properties of wheat grain. Baking winter wheat ‘RGT Reform’ and ‘Quebec’ varieties are recommended for stable grain production with good baking properties in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe.

The effect on yield distribution of early generation selection for quality

1986 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
L O'Brien ◽  
JA Ronalds
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Yield Distribution ◽  
Early Generation Selection ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Independent Culling ◽  
Selection For

In simulation of a wheat-breeding situation, random F3 lines derived from seven wheat crosses were quality tested, and decisions to retain or discard them were made on the individual test results for flourmilling extraction, flour protein content and four separate measures of protein quality. Decisions were also made using regimes of tests that selected entries for high flour extraction and their balance of grain hardness, protein content and quality optimum for different wheat end-uses (bread, cakes, pastries, etc.). In the F4 generation all entries were grown in replicated yield trials. The effect of early generation selection for quality on the subsequent yield distribution was assessed by comparing the F4 yield distributions of the entire population with those for the designated quality test. Independent culling for flour-milling extraction and protein quality did not alter the nature of the subsequent yield distributions. However, independent culling in the F3 for flour protein content resulted in the loss of more lines of above average yield than below average yield in the F4 generation. Furthermore, the significant negative correlation between F3 flour protein content and F4 grain yield indicates that overemphasis on selection for high protein content would reduce the rate of yield improvement in the following generation. Application of the early generation testing regimes resulted in up to 66% of the lines being classified as having undesirable quality without the nature of the subsequent yield distribution being affected. The results of this study have application to the planning of wheat-breeding programmes that aim to produce high-yielding, good-quality wheats.

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