REACTION OF BARLEY VARIETIES AND SELECTIONS TO ROOT ROT AND SEEDLING BLIGHT INCITED BY HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM P.K. AND B.

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Hamilton ◽  
R. V. Clark ◽  
A. E. Hannah ◽  
R. Loiselle
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Inoculation Technique ◽  
Developed Surface ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Enclosed Chamber ◽  
Fungus Disease

A satisfactory inoculation technique for testing the reaction of barley varieties and selections to root rot and seedling blight incited by Helminthosporium sativum was developed. Surface-sterilized seeds were grown in a planting mixture of 90 per cent sterilized white silica sand and 10 per cent sand-cornmeal inoculum of the Ottawa isolate of the fungus. Disease ratings of the seedlings were recorded after 21 days in a glass-enclosed chamber kept at a temperature of 20–22 °C. and a high humidity. A total of 600 varieties and selections were tested in this study. Fifty-one were classified as resistant and, of these, Anoidium, Br.3962-4, Lenta and Opal B were rated the highest. One hundred and forty-two entries were classified as susceptible. The remaining entries were intermediate in reaction.

INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO ROOT ROT AND SEEDLING BLIGHT OF BARLEY CAUSED BY HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Loiselle
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Group ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Dominant Genes

The inheritance of resistance to an Ottawa isolate of H. sativum was studied in two varieties of barley, Anoidium and Br. 3962-4, resistant to the root rot and seedling blight phase of the disease. Anoidium and Br. 3962-4 each possess two dominant genes for resistance. The genes in Anoidium are allelic or closely linked with those of Br. 3962-4. No linkage was detected between the gene for awn character in linkage group 7 and the genes for resistance.

Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chang ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽  
Disease Pressure

Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Gossen, B. D., Turnbull, G. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2013. Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 619–625. Fusarium seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in the stand density of field pea in western Canada. In greenhouse experiments, emergence decreased and root rot severity rose with increasing inoculum density. In field trials in 2007 and 2008 near Edmonton, AB, seeding at different depths and seeding dates did not consistently affect emergence or yield in Fusarium-infested soils. In field experiments, emergence declined significantly with each increase in inoculum level. Also, seed yield were reduced at high levels of disease pressure. Treatment of seed with Apron Maxx improved emergence, nodulation and yield of treatments challenged with inoculum of F. avenaceum in both greenhouse and field experiments. This research demonstrates the need to prevent seedling blight and root rot through proper seed treatment.

STUDIES ON FOOT AND ROOT ROT OF WHEAT: IV. EFFECT OF CROP ROTATION AND CULTURAL PRACTICE ON THE RELATIVE PREVALENCE OF HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM AND FUSARIUM SPP. AS INDICATED BY ISOLATIONS FROM WHEAT PLANTS

1934 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Broadfoot
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Relative Prevalence ◽  
Marked Tendency

The crown and root tissue from 43,305 of 47,360 plants examined in this investigation yielded Helminthosporium sativum, Fusarium culmorum and other Fusarium spp., either alone or in combination with these or other fungi and bacteria. It was the exception for any mature plant, the surface tissue of which was disinfected, to be free from fungi or bacteria. None of the various crop sequences or cultural practices used in this study appeared to significantly affect more than another the relative prevalence of either H. sativum or Fusarium spp., as indicated by isolations from the crown tissue of wheat. However, as there was a marked tendency at certain stations each year for H. sativum or Fusarium spp. to predominate, it was concluded that certain factors of the environment were more effective than the crop sequence in modifying the relative prevalence of the two fungi mentioned in the crown and root tissue of wheat plants.

Role of toxins in etiology of root rot disease of wheat

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (13) ◽  
pp. 1801-1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross B. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Toxic Metabolite ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Rot Disease

Although no host-specific toxin, nor a great quantity of any toxic substance, has been found in culture filtrates of 26 different isolates of Helminthosporium sativum, the amount of the toxic metabolite, victoxinine, produced by these strains, may be correlated generally to their aggressiveness towards wheat.

scholarly journals Trichothecenes and aggressiveness of Fusarium graminearum causing seedling blight and root rot in cereals

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wang ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
F. Eudes ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
R. J. Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seedling Blight

Management strategies to reduce losses caused by rhizoctonia seedling blight of field pea

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pea Seedlings

Seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in stand density of field pea on the Canadian prairies. Ninety-four isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were obtained from soil samples collected from 37 pea fields in 1999 in Alberta, Canada. Sixty isolates were characterized as anastomosis group (AG)-4 and 12 isolates as AG-2-1. Some of these isolates caused severe pre-emergence damping-off and were classified as highly pathogenic; 41 of the 44 highly pathogenic isolates were AG-4 and three were AG-2-1. Two highly pathogenic AG-4 isolates were used to assess the effect of inoculum density on survival and growth of field pea seedlings, and the impact of seeding date, seeding depth, soil temperature, seed damage, seed treatments and seeding density on seedling blight and root rot injury. As inoculum density increased, so did root rot severity, while seedling establishment, shoot dry weight and root dry weight declined. Under controlled conditions, seedling establishment in the noninoculated control increased as soil temperatures increased, but establishment and growth declined in inoculated treatments. In a temperature gradient study, seedling infection was highest when mean daily temperatures were 17.5°C or higher. In field trials over 8 station years, delayed seeding often resulted in reduced seedling establishment in inoculated treatments, although this trend was not consistent across sites or years. Seed yield consistently declined with later seeding dates. Seed treatment with fungicides (carbathiin + thiram, metalaxyl) improved establishment and productivity in inoculated treatments, especially where seed was damaged prior to planting. Seeding depth had no impact on root rot severity. Emergence and seed yield increased with seeding density, but increasing density beyond 90 seeds m-2 did not result in proportionately higher yields. These results indicate that a combination of seed treatment and early seeding can reduce Rhizoctonia injury to pea seedlings under field conditions. Key words: Pisum sativum, Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4), management, seeding depth, seeding rate

A study of factors influencing the genetics of reaction of barley to root rot caused by Helminthosporium sativum

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cohen ◽  
S. B. Helgason ◽  
W. C. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Drastic Reduction ◽  
Similar Nature ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Made In

The inheritance of seedling reaction to root rot, caused by the 514 isolate of Helminthosporium sativum, was studied in crosses and backcrosses among the barley varieties CI.8969 and CI.8873, which show resistance, and the variety Olli, which is susceptible. The study was carried out under a controlled environment in growth cabinets. The data from reaction tests of F3 and backcross families were analyzed by Elston's procedure for testing a one-locus hypothesis, and by Powers' partitioning method. Polygenic inheritance for seedling reaction was indicated, but subsequent experiments showed that seed weight strongly influenced the reaction, which could account for the polygenic interpretation. Based on a drastic reduction of resistance in greenhouse-produced seed, irrespective of seed weight, a high positive correlation of seed weight with resistance in field-produced seed, and other evidence of a similar nature, it was assumed that resistance was related to a principle, present in the seed or on the seed surface, the quantity of which was influenced by seed size and modified by environment. Whether there was a genotypic influence on the quantity of the resistance principle, aside from that affecting seed weight, was not established conclusively. A field study involving the same materials, made in an area known to produce natural root-rot infection, showed that no correlation existed between the disease indices of the entries in the seedling stage in the growth-cabinet tests, and their reaction to the disease in the field. CI.8873 showed field resistance, whereas CI.8969 did not.

STUDIES ON FOOT AND ROOT ROT OF WHEAT: I. EFFECT OF AGE OF THE WHEAT PLANT UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FOOT AND ROOT ROT

1933 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Broadfoot
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum ◽  
Unsterilized Soil ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Made In

Studies were made to determine whether, in sterilized inoculated soil, Marquis wheat plants became more or less susceptible during the post-seedling stage to Ophiobolus graminis, Helminthosporium sativum, and Fusarium culmorum. While it was found that the plants in the seedling stage were more susceptible than at later stages, there was, with the technique used, no evidence that the plants become more or less susceptible during the post-seedling stage. The reasons for indefinite evidence on this important question are given. In sterilized soil, in open pot culture, inoculum of O. graminis was definitely more virulent when alone than when mixed singly or in combination with H. sativum, F. culmorum or Leptosphaeria herpotrichoides. The virulence of all pathogenes mentioned decreased progressively in sterilized soil, the greatest decrease taking place during the first 40 days, after which they were only slightly pathogenic and at the end of 120 days inoculum of O. graminis was impotent. The virulence of inoculum when added to unsterilized soil was greatly reduced in contrast with that in sterilized soil, and after 10 days it was practically at a minimum. These results emphasize the necessity of protecting inoculated sterilized soil against contamination by other micro-organisms in critical studies made in soil. They also throw light on the much recognized difficulty of producing foot rot in the field by prepared inoculum added to such soil.

THE USE OF WATER BY WHEAT PLANTS WHEN INOCULATED WITH HELMINTHOSPORIUM SATIVUM

1940 ◽  
Vol 18c (5) ◽  
pp. 178-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Sallans
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Helminthosporium Sativum

The transpirational histories of wheat plants, inoculated with Belminthosporium sativum Param., King & Bakke to produce root rot, showed a marked reduction in water loss during the early stages of growth, when compared with uninoculated plants. This was accompanied by a corresponding reduction in the transpiring areas owing to reduced lengths and widths in the second, third, and fourth leaves to appear. As the plants entered into the early stages of elongation of the culm the transpirational story reflected a recovery in the inoculated plants. The later leaves to appear were longer with greater transpiring areas than in uninoculated plants. This fact combined with the death of the first three or four leaves resulted in greater transpirational and photosynthetic areas in the inoculated plants with consequent increased yields of dry matter. Probably similar recovery does not occur under competitive field conditions, where weeds and healthy wheat plants are present. Poor light conditions and low soil moistures were not conducive to recovery of inoculated plants. The water requirements of wheat did not appear to be affected significantly by inoculation. Of two varieties of spring wheat, Reward was more severely injured initially and recovered more rapidly than Marquis. Several possible explanations of the recovery recorded here are discussed.

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