Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chang ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
H. U. Ahmed ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽  
Disease Pressure

Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Ahmed, H. U., Gossen, B. D., Turnbull, G. D. and Strelkov, S. E. 2013. Management strategies to reduce losses caused by fusarium seedling blight of field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 619–625. Fusarium seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in the stand density of field pea in western Canada. In greenhouse experiments, emergence decreased and root rot severity rose with increasing inoculum density. In field trials in 2007 and 2008 near Edmonton, AB, seeding at different depths and seeding dates did not consistently affect emergence or yield in Fusarium-infested soils. In field experiments, emergence declined significantly with each increase in inoculum level. Also, seed yield were reduced at high levels of disease pressure. Treatment of seed with Apron Maxx improved emergence, nodulation and yield of treatments challenged with inoculum of F. avenaceum in both greenhouse and field experiments. This research demonstrates the need to prevent seedling blight and root rot through proper seed treatment.

Effect of seeding practices, temperature and seed treatments on fusarium seedling blight of narrow-leaved lupin

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 859-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chang ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
S. E. Strelkov ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Fusarium Seedling Blight ◽  
Disease Surveys ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Chang, K. F., Hwang, S. F., Gossen, B. D., Strelkov, S. E., Turnbull, G. D. and Bing, D. J. 2011. Effect of seeding practices, temperature and seed treatments on fusarium seedling blight of narrow-leaved lupin. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 859–872. Narrow-leaved lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) has the potential to become an important pulse crop for the Canadian prairies because of its high protein content and adaptation to a short growing season. However, disease surveys conducted from 2003 to 2007 in Alberta revealed that the crop is vulnerable to seedling blight and root rot caused by Fusarium spp. In field trials, the incidence of seedling blight was reduced by the application of the seed treatment fungicides Apron Maxx RTA, Crown, and Vitaflo 280. Seeding in late May resulted in reduced seedling emergence compared with early or mid-May in some cases, but the results were not consistent. Yield was reduced in the late-sown crop. Seedling emergence was often higher from seed sown at a 2- to 5-cm depth compared with a 7- to 10-cm depth. Yield was lower at seeding rates of 150 seeds m−2 compared with 300 seeds m−2. Under controlled conditions, emergence was greatest in inoculated soils at 25/15°C (day/night). Optimum shoot growth occurred at this temperature and plants were stunted at both higher and lower temperatures. Root growth was greatest at 15/5°C in non-inoculated soils and declined with increasing temperature; root growth was lower, but less variable, among the temperatures in inoculated soils. Root rot severity rose and seed emergence declined with increasing concentration of Fusarium avenaceum inoculum. To successfully grow lupin crops, soils with low Fusarium concentrations must be chosen and the crop should be planted in areas where high temperatures are not common.

Efficacy of In-Furrow Fungicides for Management of Field Pea Root Rot Caused by Fusarium avenaceum and F. solani Under Greenhouse and Field Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
Chryseis T. Modderman ◽  
Samuel Markell ◽  
Michael Wunsch ◽  
Julie S. Pasche
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Pea Root Rot

Field pea (Pisum sativum L.) root rot has resulted in substantial yield losses in North Dakota, with symptoms ranging from small lesions to complete root destruction. Traditional management practices such as seed treatment fungicides and crop rotation have proven insufficient under high disease pressure. The objective of this research was to determine the efficacy of in-furrow fungicide applications for management of field pea root rot under greenhouse and field conditions. In-furrow fungicides generally reduced root rot severity, sometimes significantly over the seed treatment in the field; however, the level of control varied across hosts and pathogens in both greenhouse and field trials. Prothioconazole, fluopyram, and penthiopyrad provided the most consistent results across trials. The results of these studies indicate that the use of in-furrow fungicides provides growers with another tool for managing Fusarium root rot.

Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root rot complex of field pea

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Xue
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Pea Root ◽  
Pea Root Rot ◽  
Better Than

The efficacy of seed treatments with bioagent ACM941 (a strain of Clonostachys rosea), its formulated products GB116 and ACM941-Pro, and common fungicides for the control of pea root rot complex were examined in six field trials in western Canada from 1996 to 2000. The effects on seedling emergence, root rot severity, and yield varied among years. In trials 1 and 2 (1996–1997), none of the treatments significantly reduced root rot severity or increased yield. ACM941 + Thiram 75WP was the most effective treatment, increasing emergence by 17.4% and was significantly better than that of the untreated controls. In trials 3 and 4 (1997–1998), Apron FL alone and ACM941 + Apron FL were significantly better than the untreated control, increasing emergence by 6.2 and 7.7%, and yield by 10.8 and 11.5%, respectively. In trials 5 and 6 (1999–2000), AC M 941 and GB116 were equally the most effective treatments, increasing emergence by 11.5 and 12.2%, and yield by 8.2 and 6.3%, respectively. These effects were significantly greater than that of the untreated control, but not significantly different from those of Apron FL or Vitaflo-280. ACM941-Pro was developed and tested in 2000 only, and it increased emergence by 17.1% and reduced root rot severity by 29.6%. Key words: Bioagent, Clonostachys rosea, field pea, Pisum sativum, pea root rot complex (PRRC), seed treatment, fungicide

scholarly journals Associations among the communities of soil-borne pathogens, soil edaphic properties and disease incidence in the field pea root rot complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 457 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 339-354
Author(s):  
Kimberly Zitnick-Anderson ◽  
Luis E. del Río Mendoza ◽  
Shana Forster ◽  
Julie S. Pasche
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Aphanomyces Euteiches ◽  
Soil Borne Pathogens ◽  
Edaphic Properties

Abstract Background and aims Field pea production is greatly impacted by multiple soil-borne fungal and oomycete pathogens in a complex. The objectives of this research were to 1) identify the soil-borne pathogens associated with field pea in North Dakota and; 2) develop prediction models incorporating the occurrence of the soil-borne pathogen communities, soil edaphic properties and disease incidence. Methods Soil and plants were sampled from 60 field pea fields in North Dakota during 2014 and 2015. Plants (1500 across two years) were rated for both root rot and soil-borne pathogens isolated from roots. Soils were analyzed for edaphic properties. Indicator species analysis was used to identify soil-borne pathogen communities. Logistic regression was used to determine associations and develop prediction models. Results Survey results from 2014 and 2015 indicated that the most prevalent soil-borne pathogens identified in field pea fields were Fusarium spp. and Aphanomyces euteiches. Five soil-borne pathogen communities were identified; three of which had statistically significant associations characterized by (1) Fusarium acuminatum, (3) A. euteiches, and (4) Fusarium sporotrichioides. The occurrence of the three communities were associated with clay content, soil pH, Fe2+, and K+. Disease incidence was associated with the presence of either community 1 or 3 and K+. Conclusions The results generated from this research will contribute to the development of management strategies by providing a soil-borne pathogen community prediction tool.

Management strategies to reduce losses caused by rhizoctonia seedling blight of field pea

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Seedling Blight ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Pea Seedlings

Seedling blight can cause substantial reductions in stand density of field pea on the Canadian prairies. Ninety-four isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were obtained from soil samples collected from 37 pea fields in 1999 in Alberta, Canada. Sixty isolates were characterized as anastomosis group (AG)-4 and 12 isolates as AG-2-1. Some of these isolates caused severe pre-emergence damping-off and were classified as highly pathogenic; 41 of the 44 highly pathogenic isolates were AG-4 and three were AG-2-1. Two highly pathogenic AG-4 isolates were used to assess the effect of inoculum density on survival and growth of field pea seedlings, and the impact of seeding date, seeding depth, soil temperature, seed damage, seed treatments and seeding density on seedling blight and root rot injury. As inoculum density increased, so did root rot severity, while seedling establishment, shoot dry weight and root dry weight declined. Under controlled conditions, seedling establishment in the noninoculated control increased as soil temperatures increased, but establishment and growth declined in inoculated treatments. In a temperature gradient study, seedling infection was highest when mean daily temperatures were 17.5°C or higher. In field trials over 8 station years, delayed seeding often resulted in reduced seedling establishment in inoculated treatments, although this trend was not consistent across sites or years. Seed yield consistently declined with later seeding dates. Seed treatment with fungicides (carbathiin + thiram, metalaxyl) improved establishment and productivity in inoculated treatments, especially where seed was damaged prior to planting. Seeding depth had no impact on root rot severity. Emergence and seed yield increased with seeding density, but increasing density beyond 90 seeds m-2 did not result in proportionately higher yields. These results indicate that a combination of seed treatment and early seeding can reduce Rhizoctonia injury to pea seedlings under field conditions. Key words: Pisum sativum, Rhizoctonia solani (AG-4), management, seeding depth, seeding rate

scholarly journals Performance and Resistance to Phytophthora Crown and Root Rot in Squash Lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 608-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle E. LaPlant ◽  
Gregory Vogel ◽  
Ella Reeves ◽  
Christine D. Smart ◽  
Michael Mazourek
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Phytophthora crown and root rot, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici, is a devastating disease of squash and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo). No currently available cultivars provide complete resistance to this disease. Three newly developed squash lines and four hybrids were evaluated in greenhouse and field experiments for their resistance to phytophthora crown and root rot as well as for their horticultural performance. The three newly developed lines ranked among the most resistant entries included in 2 years of field trials. In addition, in a separate greenhouse experiment, one of the lines was shown to display the least severe disease symptoms among a group of accessions previously reported to possess partial resistance to phytophthora crown and root. Furthermore, the resistance was observed to be robust to several isolates of P. capsici. However, the phytophthora-resistant lines had reduced yield relative to standard squash cultivars. These lines are useful for continued breeding efforts toward a phytophthora crown and root rot-resistant cultivar.

Limiting Fungal Foliar Diseases on Carrots for Organic and Conventional Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Irene Donne ◽  
Douglas S. Higgins ◽  
Elizabeth Brisco-McCann ◽  
Mary K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Foliar Blight ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Alternaria Dauci ◽  
Disease Pressure

Michigan ranks fourth in carrot production for the combined fresh and processing markets. Fungal foliar diseases caused by Alternaria dauci and Cercospora carotae occur annually in the state, causing blighted and weakened leaves and petioles. Our objective was to update current disease management strategies for both organic and conventional production by testing Organic Materials Review Institute (OMRI)–approved and conventional fungicides against C. carotae and A. dauci. Field trials conducted in 2015 and 2016 found that the copper-based fungicides (copper hydroxide and copper hydroxide/copper oxychloride) were the only OMRI-approved products that, as indicated by relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) data, consistently limited foliar blight. In field trials of conventional fungicides, all treatments limited symptomatic foliar area and protected petiole health compared with the control in both years with one exception: propiconazole was similar to the control in 2016 for petiole health and in 2015 for rAUDPC values. During 2016 when disease pressure was high, pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad outperformed iprodione, pyraclostrobin, azoxystrobin/propiconazole, and cyprodinil/fludioxonil for the control of foliar blight. Yields differed significantly among conventional treatments only in 2016. In plots sprayed with pyraclostrobin/boscalid, pyraclostrobin/fluxapyroxad, chlorothalonil, and boscalid had higher yields than penthiopyrad, iprodione, and propiconazole. These results can contribute to management strategies for C. carotae and A. dauci in organic or conventional production systems.

scholarly journals Use of Fungicides and Biological Controls in the Suppression of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of Asparagus Under Greenhouse and Growth Chamber Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Reid ◽  
M. K. Hausbeck ◽  
K. Kizilkaya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Crown And Root Rot ◽  
Control Disease ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Commercial Field

Growth chamber, greenhouse, and field experiments were conducted with fungicides and biological control agents, including nonpathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum, to test their ability to control disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum. In greenhouse studies with asparagus seedlings in soil, Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22, benomyl, and fludioxonil treatments increased root weight and decreased root disease compared with the infested control when a low level of F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum was used. The fungicide fludioxonil limited plant death caused by Fusarium spp. at high inoculum levels, whereas T. harzianum strain T-22 was not effective. Nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum were effective in limiting Fusarium disease on asparagus seedlings in culture tubes, although isolates differed in their ability to control disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum. In greenhouse studies, no significant differences in plant death were found between asparagus plants growing in media infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. asparagi and F. proliferatum and left untreated, and those treated with nonpathogenic F. oxysporum. The efficacy of fungicides and biological control products to control Fusarium crown and root rot under commercial field conditions could not be evaluated due to low disease pressure.

Identification of microsatellite markers linked to quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to Fusarium root rot in field pea

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Feng ◽  
R. Hwang ◽  
K. F. Chang ◽  
R. L. Conner ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Fusarium Root Rot ◽  
Ril Population ◽  
Trait Loci

Feng, J., Hwang, R., Chang, K. F., Conner, R. L., Hwang, S. F., Strelkov, S. E., Gossen, B. D., McLaren, D. L. and Xue, A. G. 2011. Identification of microsatellite markers linked to quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to Fusarium root rot in field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 199–204. Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. pisi (F. R. Jones) W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hans, is the most common root disease of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in western Canada. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (n=71) of field pea, derived from crosses between a resistant cultivar Carman, and a susceptible cultivar Reward, was evaluated to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling resistance to Fusarium root rot. The parental genotypes and RILs were evaluated for resistance to root rot following inoculation with F. solani in field experiments during 2007 and 2008. The frequency distribution of disease severities among the RILs was continuous. Transgressive segregation for resistance was observed among the RILs, with five lines more resistant than Carman, but no lines were more susceptible than Reward. To identify DNA markers linked with the resistance, 213 microsatellite markers were screened with genomic DNA from the two parental cultivars. Only 14 markers were polymorphic between the two parents and were used to genotype each of the RILs. Quantitative trait loci analysis based on the mean disease severity data from 2007 and 2008 identified a QTL that explained 39.0% of the phenotypic variance in the RIL population. This QTL is flanked by markers AA416 and AB60 on linkage group VII. The microsatellite markers that are closely linked to this QTL may be useful for marker assisted selection to develop cultivars with superior Fusarium root rot resistance.

scholarly journals Methods for Screening Wheat Genotypes for Resistance to Sharp Eyespot in the Field and Greenhouse

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 3192-3196
Author(s):  
Jiang Liu ◽  
Nicole P. Anderson ◽  
Christopher C. Mundt
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Eyespot Disease ◽  
Sharp Eyespot ◽  
Lower Severity ◽  
Disease Pressure

Screening methodology of wheat genotypes for resistance to sharp eyespot (caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis) was developed. Disease severity differed among cultivars and between field and greenhouse trials. However, the cultivars Bobtail and Rosalyn had consistently lower severity in field experiments with high sharp eyespot disease pressure. Artificial inoculation was crucial to achieving adequate disease levels for effective screening but planting date had very little effect. Greenhouse inoculation of adult wheat plants was much less successful in categorizing resistance to sharp eyespot. Seedling inoculations in the greenhouse were highly inadequate as a screening method. Selection for resistance to sharp eyespot by artificial inoculation in field trials is feasible in wheat breeding programs.

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