Leaf photosynthetic properties and biomass accumulation of selected western Canadian spring wheat cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Chytyk ◽  
Pierre Hucl ◽  
Gordon Gray
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Photosynthetic Properties

Chytyk, C. J., Hucl, P. J. and Gray, G. R. 2011. Leaf photosynthetic properties and biomass accumulation of selected western Canadian spring wheat cultivars. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 305–314. Current studies indicate wheat straw as a viable source for the production of cellulosic ethanol. Since photosynthetic performance impacts the overall success of the mature plant, this study aimed to measure the photosynthetic vigour of 11 spring wheat cultivars during field development as well as their biomass composition at maturity to determine which would be optimum for ethanol production. All cultivars had similar maximal quantum yields of photosystem II photochemistry (FV/FM), normalized difference vegetation index and biomass composition in the field. However, differences were observed in photosynthetic rate, with McKenzie having the highest light-saturated maximal rate of CO2 uptake (A max) and apparent quantum yield of CO2 uptake (Φapp CO2), while also having the best water use efficiency. Snowbird was found to have the lowest CO2-compensation point (Γ*) and A max. Upon subjecting wheat samples to photoinhibitory conditions, McKenzie and Kyle were found to be the most resistant and susceptible, respectively, with a difference of 11% in FV/FM. Abundance of xanthophyll pigments were not found to be a contributing cause to differential photoinhibitory resistance as there was not a noticeable difference between cultivars. Although some cultivars were found to have enhanced photosynthetic traits over others, these were slight and did not contribute to changes in plant biomass. However, McKenzie did present a higher cellulose content, which would be favourable for ethanol production.

scholarly journals The Quorum Sensing Auto-Inducer 2 (AI-2) Stimulates Nitrogen Fixation and Favors Ethanol Production over Biomass Accumulation in Zymomonas mobilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5628
Author(s):  
Valquíria Campos Alencar ◽  
Juliana de Fátima dos Santos Silva ◽  
Renata Ozelami Vilas Boas ◽  
Vinícius Manganaro Farnézio ◽  
Yara N. L. F. de Maria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Zymomonas Mobilis ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Autoinducer 2 (or AI-2) is one of the molecules used by bacteria to trigger the Quorum Sensing (QS) response, which activates expression of genes involved in a series of alternative mechanisms, when cells reach high population densities (including bioluminescence, motility, biofilm formation, stress resistance, and production of public goods, or pathogenicity factors, among others). Contrary to most autoinducers, AI-2 can induce QS responses in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and has been suggested to constitute a trans-specific system of bacterial communication, capable of affecting even bacteria that cannot produce this autoinducer. In this work, we demonstrate that the ethanologenic Gram-negative bacterium Zymomonas mobilis (a non-AI-2 producer) responds to exogenous AI-2 by modulating expression of genes involved in mechanisms typically associated with QS in other bacteria, such as motility, DNA repair, and nitrogen fixation. Interestingly, the metabolism of AI-2-induced Z. mobilis cells seems to favor ethanol production over biomass accumulation, probably as an adaptation to the high-energy demand of N2 fixation. This opens the possibility of employing AI-2 during the industrial production of second-generation ethanol, as a way to boost N2 fixation by these bacteria, which could reduce costs associated with the use of nitrogen-based fertilizers, without compromising ethanol production in industrial plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Judit Barroso ◽  
Nicholas G. Genna
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha−1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha−1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.

scholarly journals Application of municipal biowaste derived products in Hibiscus cultivation: Effect on leaf gaseous exchange activity, and plant biomass accumulation and quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Massa ◽  
Domenico Prisa ◽  
Enzo Montoneri ◽  
Daniele Battaglini ◽  
Marco Ginepro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Gaseous Exchange ◽  
Exchange Activity

Correlation of Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Fusarium-Infected Winter and Spring Wheat Cultivars with Secondary Metabolites at Different Growth Stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (22) ◽  
pp. 4545-4555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Etzerodt ◽  
Rene Gislum ◽  
Bente B. Laursen ◽  
Kirsten Heinrichson ◽  
Per L. Gregersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Different Growth Stages

scholarly journals Elucidating the genetic basis of biomass accumulation and radiation use efficiency in spring wheat and its role in yield potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 1276-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Molero ◽  
Ryan Joynson ◽  
Francisco J. Pinera‐Chavez ◽  
Laura‐Jayne Gardiner ◽  
Carolina Rivera‐Amado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Radiation Use Efficiency ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

Response of Four Spring Wheat Cultivars to Drought Stress

Crop Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 982-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Moustafa ◽  
L. Boersma ◽  
W. E. Kronstad
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivars

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of sweet potato crop in succession to leguminous plants in monocropping and intercropped with corn

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Jhonatan M Goulart ◽  
Adriano A Rocha ◽  
José Antonio A Espindola ◽  
Ednaldo da S Araújo ◽  
José Guilherme M Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Spontaneous Vegetation ◽  
Second Year

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate sweet potato performance in succession to annual herbaceous leguminous plants, in monocropping or intercropped with corn, under agroecological management, under Baixada Fluminense conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of pre-cropping with the following species: crotalária (Crotalaria juncea) under monocropping system, crotalária intercropped with corn (Zea mays), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis) under monocropping system, jack bean intercropped with corn and spontaneous vegetation. The results showed that monocropped crotalária reached the greatest dry biomass accumulation during two consecutive years of succession. In the second year, this treatment provided greater accumulated amounts of N, K and Mg in plant biomass. Growing sweet potatoes in succession to the pre-cropping of crotalária is advantageous, as it provided an increase in vegetable productivity in the second year of succession.

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