Correlation of Deoxynivalenol Accumulation in Fusarium-Infected Winter and Spring Wheat Cultivars with Secondary Metabolites at Different Growth Stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (22) ◽  
pp. 4545-4555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Etzerodt ◽  
Rene Gislum ◽  
Bente B. Laursen ◽  
Kirsten Heinrichson ◽  
Per L. Gregersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Fusarium head blight development and trichothecene accumulation in point inoculated Fusarium infected wheat heads

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gautam ◽  
R. Dill-Macky
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Dough Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Important Disease

Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein) Petch] is the predominant causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), an economically important disease of wheat, in North America. Warm and humid environments at and shortly after anthesis favour FHB. FHB results in yield losses and quality losses in infected grain due to the accumulation of mycotoxins produced by the invading fungus. The objective of this study was to characterise the influence of different F. graminearum isolates and host resistance on FHB development and mycotoxin accumulation. A series of two greenhouse experiments were established where five single isolates of F. graminearum were tested. Three wheat cultivars were examined: Alsen (moderately resistant), 2375 (moderately susceptible) and Wheaton (susceptible). In the point-inoculation experiments, ca. 1000 conidia were placed into a central spikelet of spikes at anthesis. Point-inoculated spikelets were sampled at different growth stages up to soft dough stage. Samples from both experiment series were analysed for mycotoxins. The susceptible cultivar Wheaton had both the highest FHB severity and mycotoxin accumulation. The spread of symptoms both below and above the inoculated central spikelet was significantly higher in 2375 and Wheaton than Alsen. Though deoxynivalenol (DON) did not peak and decline in all experiments, when a peak in the DON content was present it was earlier in 2375 (early milk) than in either Alsen (early dough) or Wheaton (late milk). Though the isolates did not rank similarly in all experiments and in all cultivars, generally isolates Butte86Ada-11 and B63A were more aggressive and isolates 49-3 and B45A were less aggressive in terms of disease severity and mycotoxin accumulation.

scholarly journals Phenological responses of wheat and barley to water and temperature: improving simulation models

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. McMASTER ◽  
W. W. WILHELM
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
General Response

Understanding and predicting small-grain cereal development is becoming increasingly important in enhancing management practices. Recent efforts to improve phenology submodels in crop simulations have focused on incorporating developmental responses to water stress and interpreting and understanding thermal time. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate data from three experiments to (a) determine the qualitative and quantitative response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to water stress and (b) ascertain where in space to measure temperature, to provide information required to improve phenological submodels. The first experiment tested the phenological responses of 12 winter wheat cultivars to water stress for two seasons at two sites. The second experiment tested the timing of water stress on spring barley phenological responses for 2 years. In a third experiment, soil near the shoot apex of field-grown spring wheat was heated to 3°C above ambient soil temperature for three planting dates in each of 2 years, to test whether it is better to use soil or air temperature in calculating thermal time. The general response of wheat and barley to water stress was to reach growth stages earlier (i.e. to hasten development). The most significant response was for the grain filling period. Water stress had little effect on jointing and flag leaf complete/booting growth stages. Thermal time to jointing was highly variable across locations. However, thermal time to subsequent growth stages was very consistent both within and across locations. The winter wheat cultivars tested followed this general response across site-years, but inconsistencies were found, suggesting a complicated genotype by environment (G×E) interaction that makes improving phenology submodels for all cultivars difficult. The G×E interaction was most prominent for anthesis (A) and maturity (M) growth stages. Results of heating the soil at the shoot apex depth were completely unexpected: heating the soil did not speed spring wheat phenological development. These results, and others cited, suggest caution in allocating effort and resources to measuring or estimating soil temperature rather than relying on readily available air temperature as a means of universally improving phenology submodels. These results help quantify the response of wheat to water stress and thermal time for improving crop simulation models and management.

Spring Wheat Tolerance to De-750 Applications at Different Growth Stages

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Leaden ◽  
C.M. Lozano ◽  
M.G. Monterubbianesi ◽  
E.V. Abello
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Different Growth Stages

scholarly journals The effects of tea plants-soybean intercropping on the secondary metabolites of tea plants by metabolomics analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Duan ◽  
Xiaowen Shang ◽  
Guodong Liu ◽  
Zhongwei Zou ◽  
Xujun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Tea Quality ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Sustainable System ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Background Intercropping, especially with legumes, as a productive and sustainable system, can promote plants growth and improves the soil quality than the sole crop, is an essential cultivation pattern in modern agricultural systems. However, the metabolic changes of secondary metabolites and the growth in tea plants during the processing of intercropping with soybean have not been fully analyzed. Results The secondary metabolomic of the tea plants were significant influence with intercropping soybean during the different growth stages. Especially in the profuse flowering stage of intercropping soybean, the biosynthesis of amino acids was significantly impacted, and the flavonoid biosynthesis, the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis also were changed. And the expression of metabolites associated with amino acids metabolism, particularly glutamate, glutamine, lysine and arginine were up-regulated, while the expression of the sucrose and D-Glucose-6P were down-regulated. Furthermore, the chlorophyll photosynthetic parameters and the photosynthetic activity of tea plants were higher in the tea plants-soybean intercropping system. Conclusions These results strengthen our understanding of the metabolic mechanisms in tea plant’s secondary metabolites under the tea plants-soybean intercropping system and demonstrate that the intercropping system of leguminous crops is greatly potential to improve tea quality. These may provide the basis for reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the ecosystem in tea plantations.

scholarly journals Effect of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) treatment with brassinosteroids on the content of cadmium and lead in plant aerial biomass and grain

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kroutil ◽  
A. Hejtmánková ◽  
J. Lachman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Aas Method ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Spring wheat var. Vánek was cultivated in pots in a soil naturally contaminated with heavy metals. Experimental plants were treated with three different types of brassinosteroids (BRs; 24-epibrassinolide, 24-epicastasterone and 4154) during two different growth stages 29–31 DC (off shooting) and 59–60 DC (beginning of anthesis). Content of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) was determined using AAS method in the plant growth stages 47–49 DC (visible awns), 73–75 DC (30–50% of final grain size) and 90–92 DC (full ripeness). At the stages 47–49 DC and 73–75 DC, the content of the heavy metals was determined in the biomass of whole plants, while at the stage 90–92 DC it was determined separately in straw and grains. After the treatment of plants with BRs a decrease in heavy metals content was observed in the growth stage 73–75 DC (i.e. during the period when the plants are harvested for ensilage purposes. Likewise, a decrease of lead content in the grains by 70–74% in the plants treated at both stages 29–31 DC and 59–60 DC and by 48–70% in the plants of the third group (plants treated at stage 59–60 DC) was determined as compared with the untreated plants.

scholarly journals Root and Shoot Traits of Spring Wheat Cultivars with Wild-Type and Semi-Dwarf Rht Alleles at Early and Late Growth Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-791
Author(s):  
Hayati Akman ◽  
Philip Bruckner
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Late Growth ◽  
Root And Shoot Traits

Roots play an important role in improving crop yield by affecting the amount of water uptake and nutrient acquisition. The objective of this study was to characterize variability in root and above-ground characteristics among three diverse semi-dwarf spring wheat cultivars, ‘Vida’, ‘Oneal’ and ‘Duclair’ and a wild-type cultivar, ‘Scholar’ at early and late growth stages in a greenhouse. Plants were grown in 45-cm long tree pots in a greenhouse under optimal growth conditions. As soil-less media, a mixture of peat (70%) and perlite (30%) was used. Plants were harvested at tillering (GS25-26) with 5-6 tillers, booting (GS43-45), and maturity (GS92). Root and shoot traits indicated significant variability among wild-type and semi-dwarf spring wheat cultivars at those growth stages. The study results showed that root mass per plant at tillering, booting, and maturity ranged from 0.10 to 0.14 g, 0.47 to 0.9 g, and 0.55 to 0.85 g, respectively, while shoot mass per plant varied from 1.7 to 2.5 g, 6.5 to 10.7 g, and 21.2 to 24.5 g, respectively. From booting to maturity, root mass was relatively constant, however, shoot mass increased considerably. Moreover, the average root mass of semi-dwarf spring wheat cultivars was 37% lower at booting and 30% lower at maturity compared to the wild-type cultivar, even though there was no significant variation among the cultivars at the early growth stage. Based on the results of the variability identified in this research, wild-type cultivar, Scholar can be evaluated for the improvement of genotypes with superior root system in breeding programs.

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