Vitamin E and selenium in milk of ewes

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meneses ◽  
T. R. Batra ◽  
M. Hidiroglou
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Key Words Vitamin E

Eighteen ewes were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: control, injected vitamin E, and injected selenium, with the objective of evaluating the effect of these treatments on the concentration of vitamin E and selenium in the milk. Vitamin E injections were given by intramuscular injection at the rate of 2000 IU per ewe at lambing and at 6 wk after lambing. Selenium supplementation was given by intramuscular injection at the rate of 12 mg sodium selenite at lambing and at 5 wk after lambing. Milk samples from all ewes in the three groups were collected for determination of vitamin E and selenium 0, 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 d after lambing. Ewes injected with vitamin E or selenium at lambing increased the concentration of these nutrients in milk during the first 14 d of lactation; as a result, increased amounts of vitamin E and selenium were available to suckling lambs during their early days of life. Milk levels of selenium but not vitamin E were increased by subsequent injection of selenium or vitamin E, respectively. It was also observed that colostrum contained higher concentrations of both vitamin E and selenium than did whole milk. Key words: Vitamin E, Se, milk, ewes

Vitamin A in milk of ewes

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Batra ◽  
M. Hidiroglou
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milk Samples

Eighteen ewes were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups: control, 500 000 IU of vitamin A, and 1 000 000 IU of vitamin A injected, with the objective of evaluating the effect of vitamin A injection on the concentration of vitamin A in the milk. Vitamin A injections were given intramuscularly at lambing and at 35 d after lambing. Milk samples from all ewes in the three groups were collected for the determination of vitamin A at 0, 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 d after lambing. Ewes injected with vitamin A at lambing had higher concentrations of vitamin A in their milk during the first 7 d of lactation; as a result, an increased amount of vitamin A was available to suckling lambs during their early days of life. The concentration of vitamin A in the milk increased with increase in the dose of vitamin A injection. Colostrum contained a higher concentration of vitamin A than did milk. Milk levels of vitamin A were also increased significantly by a second injection of vitamin A given on 35 d of the lactation, and this effect lasted up to 7 d after the injection. Key words: Vitamin A, milk, ewe

Procedure for analysis of α-tocopherol acetate in bovine ruminal fluid

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. McDiarmid ◽  
W. Majak ◽  
K.-J. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Rapid Analysis ◽  
Ester Hydrolysis ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Tocopherol Acetate ◽  
Key Words Vitamin E ◽  
Forage Diets

A procedure was developed for the rapid analysis of vitamin E in bovine ruminal fluid. α-Tocopherol acetate (20 ppm) was not degraded in vitro nor was there evidence of ester hydrolysis when it was incubated for 24 h in ruminal fluid from cattle fed three forage diets. Key words: Vitamin E, α-tocopherol acetate, ruminal fluid, cattle

Effect of supplemental vitamin E and selenium in the diet on vitamin E and selenium levels and control of oxidized flavor in milk from Holstein cows

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charmley ◽  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
J. A. Zee
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
And Control ◽  
Key Words Vitamin E

Twenty-four mid-lactation Holstein cows of mixed parity were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design to examine the effects of vitamin E and Se supplementation on performance, levels of anti-oxidants in milk and resistance of milk to oxidation. Only a proportion of cows (25%) produced milk susceptible to oxidation; however, there was a trend (P = 0.11) toward reduced oxidized flavor when vitamin E was given. Milk production was increased when either vitamin E or Se were given alone (P = 0.056). Supplementation with 8000 IU dl-α-tocopheryl acetate d−1 approximately doubled α-tocopherol concentration in blood and milk (P < 0.001). Se supplementation with Se-enriched yeast at 5 mg d−1 increased Se levels in milk from 13.2 to 34.7 μg L−1 (P < 0.001). Key words: Vitamin E, tocopherol, selenium, milk, oxidized flavor, cow

scholarly journals Effects of selenium supplementation as sodium selenite or selenized yeast and different amounts of vitamin E on selenium and vitamin E status of broilers

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markovic Radmila ◽  
Jovanovic B.I. ◽  
Baltic Z.M. ◽  
Sefer D. ◽  
Petrujkic B. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin E Status ◽  
Selenized Yeast

scholarly journals Haematological and blood chemistry changes in ewes and lambs following supplementation with vitamin E and selenium

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. Horton ◽  
W. L. Jenkins ◽  
Rosemarie Rettenmaier
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Pregnant Ewe ◽  
And Control

1. Four methods of vitamin E and selenium supplementation were evaluated using thirty-nine pregnant ewe-lambs fed on a ration containing 0.043 mg Se/kg and 25 mg vitamin E/kg. Treatments were control, fortified mineral mix (ESe salt) (300 mg vitamin E, 3 mg Se), ruminal Se pellets (505 mg Se), drench (300 mg vitamin E, 3 mg Se) and intramuscular injection (600 mg vitamin E, 3 mg Se). Only ewes were supplemented, commencing approximately 50 d before parturition.2. Birth weights were similar for all treatments and live-weight gains of lambs to 56 d of age were improved in all supplemented groups (P < 0.05). There were no clinical cases of nutritional muscular dystrophy.3. Se concentrations in whole blood were more than doubled in both lambs and ewes drenched or injected; responses to ESe salt and pellets were much smaller.4. Plasma tocopherol levels were increased in injected dams and their lambs (P < 0.001).5. Haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte counts were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in control ewes and lambs than in treated lambs.6. Lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) and aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) activities were increased in lambs from control, ESe salt and pellet groups (P < 0.001). Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.1.1.1.9) activity responded to Se supplementation in both ewes and their lambs (P < 0.001) and the response was highest in the injected group, followed, in order, by the drench, pellet, ESe salt and control groups.7. These studies indicated that in terms of the haematological and blood chemistry changes investigated, the intramuscular injection was most effective, followed by the oral drench. Ruminal pellets and fortified salt were less satisfactory.

Decreased fertility with increasing parity in lactating dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Balendran ◽  
M. Gordon ◽  
T. Pretheeban ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
R. Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Key Words Pregnancy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

The relationships of parity and progesterone (P4) concentrations during the bred cycle with pregnancy rate (PR) were examined in this study. Breeding records of 163 Holstein heifers and cows (in 1st parity, 2nd parity, and 3rd or 4th parity) from the Uuniversity of British Columbia Dairy Education and Research Centre were used to compare PR among heifers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd/4th parity cows. Blood or milk samples collected from 10 animals of each treatment group were assayed to compare P4 concentrations among treatment groups. Statistical analysis showed that the heifers' first insemination PR (67.9%) was higher (P < 0.05) from 1st parity (42.9%), 2nd parity, (20.0%) and 3rd/4th parity cows (11.9%). P4 concentrations were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Key words: Pregnancy rate, progesterone, parity, cows, heifers

The influence of dietary protein intake during lactation on the reproductive performance of sows

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. MacPherson ◽  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
R. I. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARY1. Forty-five Large White gilts were given 2·20 kg daily of a diet containing 14·0% crude protein during three successive pregnancies. During a 6-week lactation they received 5·30 kg daily of one of three diets containing 19·0% (HP), 16·5% (MP) or 14·0% (LP) crude protein.2. Daily milk yield was estimated on the 10th, 20th, 30th and 40th day of lactation. Milk samples were obtained from the same sows for the determination of protein, fat, lactose and total solids on the 11th, 21st, 31st and 41st day.3. One sow and litter from each treatment in each lactation was placed in metabolism cages during lactation and estimates of nitrogen and dry matter excretion obtained.4. As the concentration of protein in the diet decreased the average 42-day gain in litter weight from birth increased significantly in the first lactation. This trend continued in the second lactation although it was not significant but did not appear in the third.5. There was no marked difference in daily milk yield between treatment groups.6. There was a significantly greater loss of live weight by the sows on the lower levels of protein in the first lactation. These differences were not significant in the second and third lactations.

Analysis of Streptomycin and Dihydrostreptomycin in Milk by Liquid Chromatography

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 765-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff C Gerhardt ◽  
Craig D C Salisbury ◽  
James D Macnebl
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Acid Recovery ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Postcolumn Derivatization ◽  
Fluid Milk

Abstract A method developed for the determination of the aminoglycoside antibiotics streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin in tissues was applied to the analysis of fluid milk. Samples are extracted with 3.6% perchloric acid, and then injected onto a trace enrichment column, from which they are eluted onto a reversed-phase analytical column. The analytes are detected by fluorescence following postcolumn derivatization with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid. Recovery of analytes was in the range of 50–65% for skim or partially defatted fluid milk, while recoveries for homogenized whole milk were lower. Limits of quantitation were 10 ppb for streptomycin and 20 ppb for dihydrostreptomycin.

INFLUENCE OF SELENIUM ON THE ABSORPTION, EXCRETION AND PLASMA LEVEL OF TRITIUM-LABELLED VITAMIN E IN THE RAT

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Cheeke ◽  
J. E. Oldfield
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Basal Group ◽  
Chemical Determination ◽  
Plasma Vitamin E

In two experiments the influence of selenium supplementation of a basal diet low in both selenium and vitamin E on the absorption, excretion, and blood distribution of a single dose of tritium-labelled α-tocopherol in rats was examined. Urinary and fecal excretion of radioactivity was determined at 24-hour intervals over a three-day period. In experiment 1, supplementation with 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 ppm selenium had no significant effect on the absorption or urinary excretion of the radioactivity. In the second experiment, supplementation with 2.0 ppm selenium again had no significant effect on absorption or excretion of the labelled tocopherol. A group receiving dietary supplementation of 500 IU vitamin E per kg diet excreted significantly more of the dose in the urine (P < 0.01) and in the feces (P < 0.05) than did the basal group. The plasma level of radioactivity was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the selenium-supplemented group than in the basal animals. Chemical determination of the plasma α-tocopherol level similarly indicated lower values in the selenium-supplemented animals. These results suggested a possible role for selenium in promoting the withdrawal of vitamin E from the blood by the tissues. Levels of radioactivity were higher in the heart and liver tissue of the selenium-supplemented animals, but the differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In the rat, selenium does not appear to influence the absorption or retention of vitamin E, but does affect the plasma vitamin E level and may modify its distribution in the tissues.

Tissue vitamin E concentrations after single injection of α-tocopherol in pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Batra ◽  
M. Hidiroglou
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Tocopherol Concentration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Single Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Muscle Concentration ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Injection Effect

Forty pigs were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups: control, 500 IU, 1500 IU, and 2500 IU of vitamin E given as a single intramuscular injection. Out of 40 pigs, 20 were slaughtered at day 3 and the remaining 20 at day 7 after injection. Effect of treatment was significant (P < 0.05) for vitamin E concentrations in all tissues. The effect of time of slaughter after the injection was significant (P < 0.05) for spleen, liver, kidney, lung, hip muscle and adrenal, while the interaction of treatment with time was significant (P < 0.05) for most of the tissues except adipose tissue and neck muscle. Concentration of α-tocopherol in all tissues increased with increased dose of injection. In most tissues, α-tocopherol concentration was higher at 3 d than at 7 d after injection. By 7 d, levels had dropped significantly but were still much higher than control levels. Intramuscular injection of vitamin E in pigs resulted in significant differences in tissue α-tocopherol concentrations. Key words: Vitamin E, tissues, pigs

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