Vitamin A in milk of ewes

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Batra ◽  
M. Hidiroglou
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milk Samples

Eighteen ewes were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups: control, 500 000 IU of vitamin A, and 1 000 000 IU of vitamin A injected, with the objective of evaluating the effect of vitamin A injection on the concentration of vitamin A in the milk. Vitamin A injections were given intramuscularly at lambing and at 35 d after lambing. Milk samples from all ewes in the three groups were collected for the determination of vitamin A at 0, 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 d after lambing. Ewes injected with vitamin A at lambing had higher concentrations of vitamin A in their milk during the first 7 d of lactation; as a result, an increased amount of vitamin A was available to suckling lambs during their early days of life. The concentration of vitamin A in the milk increased with increase in the dose of vitamin A injection. Colostrum contained a higher concentration of vitamin A than did milk. Milk levels of vitamin A were also increased significantly by a second injection of vitamin A given on 35 d of the lactation, and this effect lasted up to 7 d after the injection. Key words: Vitamin A, milk, ewe

Vitamin E and selenium in milk of ewes

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meneses ◽  
T. R. Batra ◽  
M. Hidiroglou
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Key Words Vitamin E

Eighteen ewes were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: control, injected vitamin E, and injected selenium, with the objective of evaluating the effect of these treatments on the concentration of vitamin E and selenium in the milk. Vitamin E injections were given by intramuscular injection at the rate of 2000 IU per ewe at lambing and at 6 wk after lambing. Selenium supplementation was given by intramuscular injection at the rate of 12 mg sodium selenite at lambing and at 5 wk after lambing. Milk samples from all ewes in the three groups were collected for determination of vitamin E and selenium 0, 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, and 56 d after lambing. Ewes injected with vitamin E or selenium at lambing increased the concentration of these nutrients in milk during the first 14 d of lactation; as a result, increased amounts of vitamin E and selenium were available to suckling lambs during their early days of life. Milk levels of selenium but not vitamin E were increased by subsequent injection of selenium or vitamin E, respectively. It was also observed that colostrum contained higher concentrations of both vitamin E and selenium than did whole milk. Key words: Vitamin E, Se, milk, ewes

Decreased fertility with increasing parity in lactating dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Balendran ◽  
M. Gordon ◽  
T. Pretheeban ◽  
R. Singh ◽  
R. Perera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Key Words Pregnancy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

The relationships of parity and progesterone (P4) concentrations during the bred cycle with pregnancy rate (PR) were examined in this study. Breeding records of 163 Holstein heifers and cows (in 1st parity, 2nd parity, and 3rd or 4th parity) from the Uuniversity of British Columbia Dairy Education and Research Centre were used to compare PR among heifers, 1st, 2nd and 3rd/4th parity cows. Blood or milk samples collected from 10 animals of each treatment group were assayed to compare P4 concentrations among treatment groups. Statistical analysis showed that the heifers' first insemination PR (67.9%) was higher (P < 0.05) from 1st parity (42.9%), 2nd parity, (20.0%) and 3rd/4th parity cows (11.9%). P4 concentrations were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Key words: Pregnancy rate, progesterone, parity, cows, heifers

The influence of dietary protein intake during lactation on the reproductive performance of sows

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. MacPherson ◽  
F. W. H. Elsley ◽  
R. I. Smart
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

SUMMARY1. Forty-five Large White gilts were given 2·20 kg daily of a diet containing 14·0% crude protein during three successive pregnancies. During a 6-week lactation they received 5·30 kg daily of one of three diets containing 19·0% (HP), 16·5% (MP) or 14·0% (LP) crude protein.2. Daily milk yield was estimated on the 10th, 20th, 30th and 40th day of lactation. Milk samples were obtained from the same sows for the determination of protein, fat, lactose and total solids on the 11th, 21st, 31st and 41st day.3. One sow and litter from each treatment in each lactation was placed in metabolism cages during lactation and estimates of nitrogen and dry matter excretion obtained.4. As the concentration of protein in the diet decreased the average 42-day gain in litter weight from birth increased significantly in the first lactation. This trend continued in the second lactation although it was not significant but did not appear in the third.5. There was no marked difference in daily milk yield between treatment groups.6. There was a significantly greater loss of live weight by the sows on the lower levels of protein in the first lactation. These differences were not significant in the second and third lactations.

Automated Fluorometric Determination of Vitamin A in Milk

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1370-1373
Author(s):  
James N Thompson ◽  
René Madère
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Fluorometric Method ◽  
Fluorometric Determination ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fortified Milk ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

Abstract A previously published fluorometric method for vitamin A in milk, involving saponification in centrifuge tubes and extraction with hexane, was automated using conventional automated equipment including a filter fluorometer. The extraction and separation steps were affected by the presence of fat, so standards were prepared in milk. The peaks obtained with samples were 95% of steady state values. The coefficients of variation for 10 replicate analyses were 1.9% for unfortified milk and 1.3% for fortified milk. In tests on 19 different milk samples, the results of the automated and manual fluorometric methods differed by less than 10%; a colorimetric method using SbCl3 gave more erratic results and was more lengthy and laborious.

Vitamin A Value of Plant Food Provitamin A - Evaluated by the Stable Isotope Technologies

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Tang
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Provitamin A ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
A Value ◽  
Provitamin A Carotenoids ◽  
Β Carotene

Humans need vitamin A and obtain essential vitamin A by conversion of plant foods rich in provitamin A and/or absorption of preformed vitamin A from foods of animal origin. The determination of the vitamin A value of plant foods rich in provitamin A is important but has challenges. The aim of this paper is to review the progress over last 80 years following the discovery on the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A and the various techniques including stable isotope technologies that have been developed to determine vitamin A values of plant provitamin A (mainly β-carotene). These include applications from using radioactive β-carotene and vitamin A, depletion-repletion with vitamin A and β-carotene, and measuring postprandial chylomicron fractions after feeding a β-carotene rich diet, to using stable isotopes as tracers to follow the absorption and conversion of plant food provitamin A carotenoids (mainly β-carotene) in humans. These approaches have greatly promoted our understanding of the absorption and conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Stable isotope labeled plant foods are useful for determining the overall bioavailability of provitamin A carotenoids from specific foods. Locally obtained plant foods can provide vitamin A and prevent deficiency of vitamin A, a remaining worldwide concern.

DETERMINATION OF AFTER-RIPENING PERIOD AND HORMONAL RESPONSE OF OROBANCHE SOLMSII C.D. CLARKE SEEDS

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bista ◽  
G. B. Khattri ◽  
B. D. Acharya ◽  
S. C. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Root Parasite ◽  
One Year

To find out the ability of Orobanche seeds to germinate immediately after seed set, seeds were germinated periodically at an interval of three months for one year in GR24. Some Orobanche seeds were capable of germination immediately after seed set but most required about nine months as after ripening or incubation period to be able to germinate. The phenomenon of after ripening in Orobanche seeds could be taken as an ecological measure to dormant over following unfavorable wet summer season. The growth hormone studies on Orobanche seed germination have shown that GA3 at a concentration of 100 ppm substantially enhanced seed germination when applied during pre-conditioning period. NAA showed some stimulatory effect at 0.5 - 1.0 ppm when applied during post-conditioning period but the hormone if applied during pre-conditioning period inhibited the germination. Kinetin failed to stimulate the germination at all the concentrations tested. Key words: Germination, root-parasite, hormone. Ecoprint Vol.11(1) 2004.

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