Evaluation of pea screenings and canola meal as a supplementary protein source in barley-based diets fed to growing-finishing pigs

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Castell ◽  
R. L. Cliplef
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Ad Libitum

The effects of substituting canola meal (CM) and ground pea screenings (PM) for soybean meal (SBM) in barley (B)-based diets were determined with a factorial design using 60 male castrates (3 pen−1) over the period 25–97-kg average liveweight. The five mash diets (B/SBM, with 15% SBM; B/CM, with 18.7% CM; B/CMp, with 12.4% CM + 14.1% PM; B/PMc, with 6.1% CM + 28.3% PM; and B/PM, with 42.5% PM) contained 2.4% supplement (minerals and vitamins) and were fed ad libitum. Growth rate (821, 845, 850, 880 and 812 g d−1, respectively, P < 0.06) was increased with the CM–PM blends, but gain:feed was unaffected (283, 289, 294, 298 and 293 g kg−1, P > 0.10). Compared with the SBM-fed pigs, using CM reduced the dressing percent, carcass grade, apparent digestibility of energy and nitrogen but increased liver weight (P < 0.01). The B/PM diet may have been deficient in isoleucine for pigs in the initial weeks, but subsequent performance was not impaired. Compared with B/CM-fed pigs, B/PM pigs had higher carcass grades (P < 0.05) and their lean tissue had relatively more marbling (P < 0.01) and a higher degree of saturated fat (P < 0.01). Differences among the five diets, however, did not affect the sensory evaluation of the cooked lean (P > 0.05). Apart from an apparently lower digestibility of energy and nitrogen, results with the mixed-source diets confirmed that CM and PM were complementary sources of supplementary amino acids for growing-finishing pigs. Key words: Pigs, canola meal, peas, growth rate, carcass

RESPONSE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF GREEN FOXTAIL (Setaria viridis) SEEDS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1063-1066
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Ad Libitum

Increasing the level of wheat screenings (95% green foxtail seeds) from 0 to 25% in diets fed ad libitum over the period from 34 to 89 kg liveweight resulted in an increased daily feed intake (P < 0.05), reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and apparent digestibility, but produced no consistent effects on growth rate or carcass composition. Key words: Growing pigs, green foxtail, Setaria viridis, carcass, digestibility

EFFECTS OF RELATIVE CONTRIBUTIONS OF CEREAL AND CANOLA RAPESEED MEAL TO THE DIETARY PROTEIN ON THE PERFORMANCE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Low Erucic Acid ◽  
Individual Self

Bonanza barley, containing 11.0% protein, and Glenlea wheat (13.4% protein) were separately supplemented with two levels (10.7 and 18.8%) of low-erucic acid, low-glucosinolate rapeseed (canola) meal (36.3% protein) to provide barley diets and wheat diets containing 13.7 or 16.3% and 15.8 or 17.5 total protein, respectively. One of four pigs, in each of six pens, were allotted to each of the four diets, provided as pellets in individual self-feeders. Access to the assigned diet was restricted to two 45-min periods daily over the period from 26 to 96 kg average liveweight. Pigs fed the 18.8% canola diets had better performance up to 56 kg liveweight but subsequent performance was similar in all groups. Although dietary treatment did not significantly affect carcass data, there was a trend for pigs fed the barley-18.8% canola diet to be superior in measurements of carcass quality. Apparent digestibility of energy and nitrogen was higher for the wheat diets. Assessment of relative palatabilities favored the diets containing 10.7% canola meal.

THE TRUE METABOLIZABLE ENERGY AND AMINO ACID CONTENT OF CANDLE, ALTEX AND REGENT CANOLA MEALS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. JABBAR MUZTAR ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Force Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
New Cultivars

Rapeseed (Canola) meals derived from two B. napus cultivars, Altex and Regent, were studied for their true metabolizable energy (TME) and amino acid (AA) contents and the results were compared with meal from the B. campestris cultivar, Candle. The TME was determined by force-feeding the ingredients singly as well as by feeding them ad libitum for 1.5 h in conjunction with a basal diet. The Regent meal showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher TME value than Altex or Candle when fed singly. However, based on the results obtained by ad libitum feeding of these samples mixed with a basal diet, there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in the TME values of any of the three meals. This latter result was in keeping with their proximate composition which was fairly similar for all three meals. When calculated as a percentage of the protein, Candle meal was slightly higher in most of the essential AA as compared with the Altex and Regent meals. However, considering all of the parameters used, the new cultivars Altex and Regent should be as vauable for the nutrition of poultry as the Candle meal. Key words: Canola meal, Candle, Altex, Regent, True metabolizable energy, amino acids

Nutritional evaluation of very low glucosinolate canola meal

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
M. O. Keith ◽  
D. S. Hutcheson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two very low glucosinolate (VLG) canola meals from crop years 1987 and 1988 (CM; 1.66 and 0.53 μmol g−1) and two Tobin CM (B. campestris) (10.71 and 15.62 μmol g−1) were evaluated in experiments with pigs. In exp. 1, 1987 Tobin CM, VLG-CM and soybean meal (SBM) were compared in individually fed meal and pelleted diets. Daily gains from 23 to 57 kg were similar for the CMs (VLG-CM 662 g, Tobin CM 645 g) but lower than those obtained with SBM (730 g; P < 0.01). Daily feed intakes of pigs fed CM were lower than for those fed SBM (P < 0.05). Plasma thyroxine (T4) levels were similar for SBM and VLG-CM and were above those from pigs fed Tobin (P < 0.05) CM. Triiodothyronine (T3) levels were lower for VLG-CM than for SBM (P < 0.05) and the T3 value for Tobin CM was intermediate. Pelleting enhanced T3 (0.70 vs 0.94 ng mL−1) and T4 (50 vs. 60 ng mL−1) levels with all protein supplements (P < 0.01). In exp. 2, similar diets were fed ad libitum. Daily gains for SBM were greater than for Tobin CM (803 vs. 744, P < 0.05) and gains for pigs fed VLG-CM was 774 g. Daily feed intakes were similar (2.01, 1.99 and 1.92 kg). In exp. 3 energy digestibility of 1987 VLG-CM was greater (P < 0.01) than for Tobin CM (75.0 vs 67.4% for 30-kg pigs). Apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein (CP) were 71.9, 71.2 and 71.6 in 16% CP diets. In exp. 4 Tobin and VLG-CMs from 1987 and 1988 crops were compared with SBM and commercial CM using 96 pigs (48M, 48F). Daily gains and feed intakes were similar for the CMs but T3 and T4 values were below those of SBM (P < 0.05). Key words: Canola meal, very low glucosinolate, digestibility, feeding value, pigs

scholarly journals Performance of lambs fed either hay or silage supplemented with canola or fish meals

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. R. Agbossamey ◽  
H. V. Petit ◽  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
G. J. St-Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Ad Libitum

Forty-eight lambs (29.0 ± 4.7 kg BW) were used to study the effects of protein supplementation of forages on performance and diet digestibility. Lambs were fed grass hay or silage ad libitum plus a daily supplement of either: C, a control supplement supplying 1.2 g kg−1 BW of dry molasses and 0.6 g kg−1 BW of minerals, vitamins and lasalocid; CM, control supplement + 5.48 g kg−1 BW of canola meal; or FM, control supplement + 3 g kg−1 BW of fish meal. Apparent digestibility of all dietary components was higher in lambs fed silage than in those fed hay (P < 0.04). Addition of CM or FM improved apparent digestibility of energy and crude protein (CP) of lambs fed hay (P < 0.02) and CP digestibility of lambs fed silage (P < 0.01). Apparent digestibility of CP was higher in lambs fed FM than in those fed CM with either hay or silage (P < 0.03). Addition of CM or FM tended to decrease ADF digestibility of silage-based diets (P < 0.06). Apparent ADF digestibility of hay-based diets was lower in lambs fed CM than in those fed FM (P < 0.02). Forage DM intake was similar for all treatments. Addition of CM or FM to the diets improved average daily gains by 24% (P < 0.03), an effect that was higher with hay (35.1%, P < 0.02). Feed efficiency was 23.6% better in lambs fed protein-supplemented hay than in those receiving C (P < 0.04). Neither dressing percentage nor carcass lean yield was affected by protein supplementation. Digestible DM and TDN intakes were higher in lambs fed silage (P < 0.03) as a result of higher apparent digestibility for silage than hay. Furthermore, CM increased TDN intake by 7.6 and 8.2% in lambs fed hay and silage, respectively, compared with lambs fed FM. Addition of canola and fish meals improved forage nutritive value for lambs. Key words: Canola meal, fish meal, forages, digestibility, lambs, growth

PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS RESPONSES TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF RAW SOYBEANS (CV. MAPLE AMBER) BY BOARS FED AD LIBITUM FROM 30 TO 95 KILOGRAMS LIVEWEIGHT

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
R. L. CLIPLEF
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Ad Libitum

Cull raw soybeans (SB), cv. Maple Amber, containing 17% oil and 36% crude protein (CP), were included as 0, 4.5, 9, 13.5, 18 and 22.5% of barley-based diets formulated to contain 16% CP. The mash diets were fed ad libitum to a total of 53 Landrace boars over the period from 30 to 95 kg average liveweight using a randomized block design with three replicates. Live performance responses to the increase in dietary SB content included a decline in overall growth rate (from 830 to 639 g d−1, P < 0.01) and efficiency of feed conversion (from 333 to 269 g gain per kg feed, P < 0.01). Post-kill measurements indicated an effect of dietary SB level on side weight (from 46 to 43% of carcass, P < 0.01), liver weight (from 24.8 to 28.2 g kg−1 warm carcass, P < 0.01) and areas of lean in the loin cross-section (from 31 to 26 cm2, P < 0.01) and ham face (from 137 to 121 cm2, P < 0.01) for pigs fed 0 and 22.5% SB diets, respectively. Analyses of samples of longissimus dorsi revealed a reduction in CP content (from 22.9 to 21.5%, P < 0.01) and increase in moisture content (from 74.4 to 75.4%, P < 0.05) for pigs fed the highest SB level compared to the control pigs. Iodine absorption numbers of the outer backfat layer increased, from 58 to 70 (P < 0.01), with the SB level fed. Sensory evaluation revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in incidence of off-flavor in loin roasts from boars fed diets containing more than 9% SB. The overall results suggested that a diet containing up to 5% SB would be unlikely to adversely affect performance or carcass merit of growing-finishing pigs. Key words: Pig, soybeans, live performance, carcass criteria, meat quality

Straw degradability as a predictor of intake and growth rate in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yalçin ◽  
A. Şehu ◽  
A. G. Önol
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Male Sheep

AbstractThe dry-matter (DM) intake and growth rate in male lambs were predicted from rumen degradability characteristics, rumen DM losses at different times, neutral- or acid-detergent fibre (NDF or ADF) contents and DM apparent digestibility of roughages. Four different straws consisting of wheat, barley, oat and rice were each offered ad libitum to 24 Merino male lambs with 200 glday concentrate for 4 weeks to determine DM intake and growth rate. Apparent digestibilities of the straws were measured with three Merino male sheep. Measurements were made during the last 10 days of each 20-day period. The degradation characteristics of the straws were measured by incubating samples in nylon bags for 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h in the rumens of three Merino male sheep fitted with rumen cannulae. The exponential model p = a + b(l - er^) was fitted to the data. Potential degradabilities of DM (defined as a + b) and apparent digestibilities of DM ranged from 530 to 679 and 440 to 560 g/kg, respectively. The mean DM intake of the straws varied from 543 to 745 glday, the digestible DM intake from 236 to 417 glday and growth rate from 17 to 95 glday. Using the degradation characteristics A, B and c in a multiple regression analysis, the correlation coefficients with DM intake and growth rate were 0·79 and 0·70, respectively. NDF and ADF were related to DM intake (i = 0·65; r = 0·64) and growth rate (r = 0·55; r = 0·56). The correlation coefficient between DM apparent digestibility and DM intake was 0·76. It is concluded that the rumen degradation characteristics have potential for predicting intake of straws and growth rate in sheep.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nutritional strategies to slow growth rate then induce compensatory growth in 90-kg finishing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xing Rao ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Compensatory Gain ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Abstract Two 44-d experiments were conducted to evaluate nutritional strategies with different concentrations of dietary lysine (and other amino acids) on growth rate and subsequent compensatory gain of 90-kg finishing pigs. Three diets were formulated to contain 0.70 (control), 0.50 and 0.18% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys. In Exp. 1, 356 pigs (Line 241 × 600, DNA; initially 89.0 ± 1.10 kg) were used with 4 treatments. From d 0 to 28, pigs received either the control or the 0.50%-Lys diet. On d 28, pigs either remained on these diets or were switched the 0.18%-Lys diet until d 44. There were 18 pens per treatment from d 0 to 28 and 9 pens per treatment from d 28 to 44. From d 0 to 28, pigs fed the 0.50%-Lys diet had decreased (P &lt; 0.001) ADG and G:F compared to those fed the control diet. From d 28 to 44, pigs switched to the 0.18%-Lys diet had decreased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and G:F compared to pigs that remained on the control or 0.50%-Lys diets. From d 0 to 44, pigs fed 0.50%-Lys diet for 44-d had decreased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG, G:F, and percentage carcass lean compared to pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed the 0.50%-Lys diet then the 0.18%-Lys diet had decreased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and G:F compared to other treatments. Pigs fed the 0.50%-Lys diet for 44-d and pigs fed the control diet then 0.18%-Lys diet had decreased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG, G:F, and percentage carcass lean compared to control pigs. In Exp. 2, 346 pigs (Line 241 × 600, DNA; initially 88.6 ± 1.05 kg) were used to evaluate compensatory growth after varying durations of dietary lysine restriction. A total of four treatments were used including pigs fed the control diet for 44-d or fed the 0.18%-Lys diet for 14, 21, or 28-d and then fed the control diet until the conclusion of the experiment on d 44. There were 9 pens per treatment. On average, pigs fed the 0.18%-Lys diet grew 49% slower than the control. Compared to the control, ADG of pigs previously fed the 0.18%-Lys diet increased (P &lt; 0.05) 28% during the first week after switching to the control diet and 12% for the rest of the trial. Despite this improvement, overall ADG, G;F, final BW, and percentage carcass lean decreased (linear, P &lt; 0.05) as the duration of Lys restriction increased. In summary, feeding Lys-restricted diets reduced the ADG and G:F of finishing pigs. Compensatory growth can be induced in Lys-restricted finishing pigs, but the duration of restriction and recovery influences the magnitude of compensatory growth.

RESPONSES OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS TO CANOLA-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS BASED ON BARLEY, SPRING OR WINTER WHEATS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
D. T. SPURR
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Relative Consumption ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
To Receive

Six diets were prepared using Bonanza barley (B, 1.78% N), Neepawa spring wheat (SW, 2.50% N) or Norstar winter wheat (WW, 2.11% N) with canola meal (CM, 5.70% N) or soybean meal (SBM, 7.62% N) as the protein supplement. Four of the diets (B-15%SBM, B-22%CM, SW-5%CM and WW-15%CM) were formulated to contain 16% crude protein (CP, N × 6.25), while the other diets (SW-15%CM, 18% CP; WW-5%CM, 14% CP) were included to facilitate comparison of both CM inclusion rates in diets based on each wheat. One pen, containing two females and two male castrates, was assigned to receive each diet, ad libitum, from two initial weights (averaging 22.6 and 31.7 kg) to market weight (91 kg). Among pigs receiving the 16% CP diets, growth rates favored the barley-fed groups (802 g∙pig−1∙day−1) and were lowest for those fed the SW-5% CM diet (732 g∙pig−1∙day−1, P < 0.05). Feed:gain ratios ranged from 3.48:1 (B-22%CM) to 3.93:1 (SW-5%CM). Carcass measurements revealed a corresponding pattern with barley-fed pigs producing the leaner carcasses. Results from pigs fed the four wheat-based diets suggested that cultivar effects were minor when the same level of protein supplement was used. Apparent digestibilities of energy ranged from 76% for B diets to 89% for SW and WW diets while coefficients of N digestibility were 68% (B diets), 85% (WW diets) and 88% (SW diets). A palatability study, based on relative consumption of paired diets, revealed a preference for Neepawa over Norstar and for the lower CM levels. Key words: Barley, canola, growing pigs, wheat

The early weaning of pigs VII. The effect of level and source of protein in the diet of pigs weaned at 10 lb. live weight on subsequent performance and carcass quality

1961 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Blair
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
And Performance

1. Dry-meal diets based on whitefish meal or soyabean oil meal, balanced in respect of minerals, and containing 28, 23 or 18% crude protein were given to pigs from 10 to 25 lb., and similar diets containing 18% crude protein were given from 25 to 40 lb. From 40 to 100 lb. and from 100 lb. to bacon weight all pigs were given the same diets with 16% crude protein and 14% crude protein, respectively.2. From 10 to 25 lb. live weight the results showed that:(a) With diets based on whitefish meal there was an improvement in growth rate of 11% (P < 0·05) and an improvement in feed conversion efficiency of 14% (P < 0·001) when the level of crude protein was increased from 18% to 23%. Growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were not improved further by increasing the level of crude protein from 23 to 28%.(b) With diets based on soyabean oil meal, feed conversion efficiency and growth rate were not improved by increasing the protein in the diet from 18 to 23%, and performance was similar to that on the 18% protein diet based on whitefish meal. Pigs fed on the soyabean diet containing 28% protein were unthrifty and grew very slowly; some showed gastric ulceration.(c) Consumption of the diets containing 18% crude protein was 8% higher (P < 0·05) than consumption of the other diets.(d) Apparent digestibility of the dry matter of the diets, as measured by the chromic oxide marker method, rose as the pigs grew older, and apparent digestibility of the dry matter and crude protein of the diets based on soyabean oil meal was consistently lower than when whitefish meal was the main supplementary source of protein.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document