The effects of ruminal protozoa on selenium status in sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1265-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. de S. Dayrell ◽  
M. Ivan ◽  
M. Hidiroglou
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Plasma Selenium

Fauna-free and faunated Canadian Arcott rams (21 and 23, respectively) were fed a corn silage diet supplemented with soybean meal for 110 d. Ruminal protozoa had no effect (P > 0.05) on plasma selenium concentrations but decreased the selenium concentration in the kidney cortex (P < 0.01), liver (P < 0.05), and spleen (P < 0.01). Key words: Sheep, selenium, Protozoa

Intake of selenium and other nutrients in relation to selenium status and productivity of grazing sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
DW Peter ◽  
MP Quinn ◽  
BD Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
South West ◽  
Low Selenium ◽  
Plasma Selenium Concentration

The selenium status of the sheep and seasonal fluctuations in the intake of dry matter, digestible dry matter and selenium over a 12-month period were measured in an experiment with 80 ewes and their offspring on annual pasture in the south-west of Western Australia. Forty of the ewes received an intraruminal selenium pellet 1 month prior to lambing in June. At weaning half of the lambs born to ewes in each treatment also received an intraruminal selenium pellet. There was a distinct seasonal pattern in the quality and quantity of pasture ingested. Dry matter digestibility was highest in winter (68.9%), declined during spring and was lowest during summer (32.3 %) when intake of digestible dry matter was not sufficient to maintain the liveweight of weaner sheep. Selenium intake by ewes was highest in winter (64 �g/day), when dry matter (DM) intake was maximum (1348 g/day). The intake of selenium (31 �g/day) and the plasma selenium concentration (7.8 �g/l) of unsupplemented ewes was least in spring when pasture was actively growing and its selenium concentration was declining. Plasma and liver selenium concentrations were least at weaning, both in lambs from unsupplemented ewes (3 �g/l and 0.093 mg/kg DM respectively) and from supplemented ewes (7 �g/l and 0.120 mg/kg DM respectively). Selenium supplementation of ewes resulted in elevated selenium concentrations in the plasma of their lambs up to 8 weeks of age. Plasma concentrations declined thereafter and by weaning, at c. 18 weeks, there was little difference between plasma selenium concentrations of lambs from supplemented and unsupplemented ewes. Despite a low selenium status of unsupplemented weaners, supplementation did not improve growth rate during the summer and autumn, the period when problems of selenium inadequacy have been recorded previously.

VALEUR ALIMENTAIRE DE L'ENSILAGE DE MAIS-LUZERNE POUR L'ALIMENTATION DES BOUVILLONS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-961
Author(s):  
PAUL FLIPOT ◽  
S. PAGE ◽  
G. LALANDE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

Sixty-six Hereford steers were fed rations of corn silage, or corn silage plus 400 g∙head−1∙day−1 of soybean meal, or a mixture of corn and alfalfa silage (ratio 1:1 on a wet basis at ensiling). Alfalfa, when mixed with forage corn at ensiling, can be used as a protein supplement to replace a part of the soybean meal but corn silage alone may not be recommended. Key words: Ensilage, maïs-luzerne, bouvillons

Plasma Selenium Concentrations in Patients with Euthyroid Sick Syndrome

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1885-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Van Lente ◽  
R Daher
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Serum Albumin Concentration ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract We evaluated plasma selenium concentrations in patients with euthyroid sick syndrome express by low serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations. Selenium status in these patients was compared with that found in patients with both untreated and treated hypothyroidism. Selenium concentrations in plasma were significantly lower in hospitalized patients with either euthyroid sick syndrome (0.99 +/- 0.37 mumol/L) or treated hypothyroidism (1.09 +/- 0.25 mumol/L) than in patients with untreated hypothyroidism (1.39 +/- 0.28 mumol/L). However, there was no significant, independent relationship between selenium and the thyroid function indices determined in this study. The strongest association was between serum albumin concentration and either selenium (r = 0.65), T3 (r = 0.58), or the molar ratio of T3 to thyroxine (r = 0.64). The decreased average selenium concentration appears to be associated with the hypercatabolic state of severely ill patients, as indicated by the serum albumin concentration; these patients should be considered for selenium supplementation and their selenium status should be monitored.

Studies with the intraruminal selenium pellet. 1. Some factors influencing the effectiveness of the pellet for selenium supplementation of sheep

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
DW Peter ◽  
DR Hudson ◽  
BS Chandler
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
One Year ◽  
Plasma Selenium Concentration

A number of experiments were conducted to determine whether surface coatings on pellets, season of treatment, or age of sheep affected the efficacy of intraruminal selenium pellets, as measured by selenium status of the recipient sheep. Also, comparisons were made between pellets and oral drenches of sodium selenate, and between three brands of commercially available pellets. Plasma selenium concentration reached a maximum within 2 weeks of administration of either pellets or oral drenches. Thereafter concentrations declined rapidly, but with all three brands of commercial pellet examined, sheep would have been protected from white muscle disease for at least one year. There were, however, differences between brands; one brand of pellet maintained the sheep at a higher selenium status than the other two. Surface coating, season of treatment, and age of sheep had only minor effects on pellet efficacy.

Early and major decrease in plasma selenium concentration in an ovine model of peritonitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Xavier Forceville ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Pierre Van Antwerpen ◽  
Patrick Moreau ◽  
Michael Piagnerelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Ovine Model ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Plasma Selenium Concentration

scholarly journals Effect of sample size on kinetic parameters of roughage and concentrated feeds by a semi-automated in vitro gas production system

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Mariane Moreno Ferro ◽  
Luciano da Silva Cabral ◽  
Livia Vieira de Barros ◽  
Claudio Vieira de Araujo ◽  
Nelcino Francisco de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Distillers Grains With Solubles ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Corn Distillers ◽  
Castor Meal

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different amounts of incubated samples on the kinetic parameters of in vitro fermentation of roughage and concentrated food used for feeding ruminants. Samples were prepared using 200, 300, 400, and 500 mg of air-dried roughage and concentrated sample, ground to 1 mm, and placed in 120 mL glass flasks. Next, inoculum and McDougal solution were added, and the readings were obtained using a semi-automated pressure transducer up to 96 h after the beginning of the incubations. Gas production of the non-fibrous fraction increased linearly (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, Marandu grass silage, corn silage, dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles, dried brewer’s yeast, bean residue, wet brewer’s grains, sunflower meal, and Jatropha meal; quadratically (P < 0.05) for Napier grass silage and cottonseed meal; and cubically (P < 0.05) for castor meal and soybean meal. The degradation rate of the non-fibrous fraction reduced linearly (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, Napier grass silage, and castor meal; quadratically (P < 0.05) for Marandu grass silage; and cubically (P < 0.05) for corn silage, soybean meal, dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles, bean residue, and cottonseed meal. Gas production of the fibrous fraction increased linearly (P < 0.05) for Napier grass silage, Marandu grass silage, corn silage, dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles, bean residue, wet brewer’s grain, cottonseed meal, and sunflower meal; quadratically ( < 0.05) for Jatropha meal; and cubically (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, castor meal, and soybean meal. The degradation rate of the fibrous fraction increased linearly (P < 0.05) for Napier grass silage, dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles, dried brewer’s yeast, wet brewer’s grains; quadratically (P < 0.05) for corn silage and castor meal; and cubically (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, Marandu grass silage, and bean residue. The lag time reduced linearly (P < 0.05) for castor meal and dried corn distillers’ grains with solubles; quadratically (P < 0.05) for Napier grass silage; and cubically (P < 0.05) for sugarcane, Marandu grass silage, corn silage, soybean meal, bean residue, cottonseed meal, sunflower meal, and Jatropha meal. Thus, our findings suggest that the kinetic parameters of in vitro fermentation were affected as a function of the amount of incubated sample.

COMPARISON OF COPPER SULFATE AND COPPER PROTEINATE AS COPPER SOURCES FOR COPPER-DEPLETED STEERS FED HIGH MOLYBDENUM DIETS

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. WITTENBERG ◽  
R. J. BOILA ◽  
M. A. SHARIFF
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Copper Sulfate ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Copper Supplementation

Copper (Cu) depleted steers were used to compare copper sulfate and copper proteinate as Cu sources for cattle consuming high molybdenum diets. Two experiments utilizing corn silage and barley concentrate diets with 10 mg added Mo kg−1 DM were undertaken. Experiment A was a 105-d study in which an 83:17 ratio of silage to concentrate was fed, whereas, experiment B was an 84-d study comparing the same Cu treatments for cattle fed a 26:74 (Low) or a 64:36 (High) ratio of silage to concentrate. Cu treatments for both experiments were: no supplemental Cu (0Cu); a dietary supplement of 10 mg Cu kg−1 DM added as copper sulfate (CuSO); and a dietary supplement of 10 mg Cu kg−1 DM added as copper proteinate (CuPro). Both Cu supplements improved (P < 0.05) concentrations of Cu in plasma for both experiments and improved (P < 0.05) concentration of Cu in liver for experiment B. Copper supplementation (P < 0.05) reduced plasma Mo concentrations in experiment A relative to animals receiving no supplemental Cu. Both Cu sources resulted in reduced rumen fluid soluble Mo concentrations. Steers in experiment A had lower initial liver and plasma Cu concentrations than was observed for experiment B. Average daily gains for steers consuming CuPro were 16.8% greater (P < 0.05) than for 0Cu with CuSO being intermediate for experiment A. Results indicate that the bioavailability of Cu from Cu proteinate is similar to that of copper sulfate in-Cu depleted steers consuming diets containing excess Mo. Key words: Cattle, copper sulfate, copper proteinate, copper, molybdenum

The effect of oligosaccharides and lactitol on the ileal digestibilities of amino acids, monosaccharides and bacterial populations and metabolites in the small intestine of weanling pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Gabert ◽  
W. C. Sauer ◽  
R. Mosenthin ◽  
M. Schmitz ◽  
F. Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Nutrient Digestion

An experiment was carried out to examine the effects of supplementing diets for weanling pigs with oligosaccharides and LAC on nutrient digestion and bacterial populations and metabolites in the small intestine. Twelve barrows, weaned at 28 d, were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum. The BW of the pigs at weaning and at the conclusion of the experiment were 9.1 and 13.8 kg, respectively. The pigs were fed four diets based on barley, wheat and soybean meal according to a two-period change-over design. The diets were formulated to contain 18% CP. Transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (0.2%), GUO (0.2%) and LAC (1%, 4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-sorbitol) were included at the expense of corn starch. Supplementation with oligosaccharides or LAC had little effect on the apparent ileal digestibilities of AA and monosaccharides. Supplementation of diets with oligosaccharides or LAC did not affect (P > 0.05) the monosaccharide concentrations in ileal digesta except for galactose which was higher (P < 0.05) in digesta from pigs fed the diet supplemented with LAC. The daily ileal output of monosaccharides, pH, ammonia and VFA concentrations, bacterial populations in ileal digesta and incidence of diarrhea were not affected (P > 0.05). Therefore, the supplementation of diets for weanling pigs (9.1–13.8 kg) with oligosaccharides or LAC at these levels does not affect nutrient digestibilities and bacterial populations in the small intestine. Key words: Pigs, oligosaccharides, lactitol, digestibility, bacteria

Effect of live-yeast culture and lasalocid supplementation on performance of growing–finishing steers fed alfalfa-silage, corn-silage and high-grain diets sequentially

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
Z. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Yeast Culture ◽  
Key Words Yeast ◽  
Finishing Steers ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Live Yeast

Trials were conducted to determine the effect of supplementing feedlot diets with live-yeast culture (YC), lasalocid (LAS) or YC + LAS on intake, growth and carcass characteristics of steers. Dietary additives in either 96% corn-silage or 75% dry-rolled barley-based diets increased (P < 0.05) final weights and carcass weights of steers. Key words: Yeast, lasalocid, steers, carcass quality, growth

RESPONSE OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS TO FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED SOYBEAN MEAL WHEN FED WITH CONTROL OR UREA-TREATED CORN SILAGE

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. ERFLE ◽  
F. D. SAUER ◽  
S. MAHADEVAN ◽  
R. M. TEATHER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Corn Silage

In two experiments, lactating cows (26 in exp. 1; 32 in exp. 2) were fed an 11.3% crude protein (CP) diet, a 14.7% CP diet containing untreated soybean meal (SBM) or a 14.6% CP diet containing formaldehyde-treated SBM (FSBM), all three fed as a complete blended diet with control corn silage (CCS) (exp. 1); a 12% CP diet, a 13.4% CP diet containing SBM or a 13.3% CP diet containing FSBM, all fed as a complete blended diet with urea-treated corn silage (UCS) (exp. 2). In both experiments concentrates and CCS or UCS were mixed (50:50 dry matter) daily and fed ad lib for a 16-wk period. The increase of CP over the low CP negative control by addition of untreated SBM resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in milk production in both experiments. The addition of FSBM had no significant effect. When comparing solids-corrected milk (SCM), addition of SBM, whether treated or not, significantly increased SCM in both experiments. In neither experiment did FSBM improve milk production over untreated SBM. All animals fed CCS lost body weight but there was no difference between treatments. For animals fed UCS the low CP group lost significantly (P < 0.05) more body weight than did the group fed FSBM. Dry matter (DM) intake was significantly (P < 0.05) lower for the FSBM fed group than for the group fed untreated SBM in exp. 1 (CCS). DM intake was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by either FSBM or SBM over the low CP control fed UCS. Milk protein was the only component significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by FSBM in exp. 1. Isobutyric and isovaleric acids were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in rumen fluid of animals on FSBM plus CCS. Rumen microbial protein content seemed to be more adversely affected by FSBM with CCS than UCS. Amino acid content of FSBM and SBM demonstrated that lysine and tyrosine were lost from SBM after treatment with formaldehyde. The lack of a response in milk production to FSBM is discussed in terms of a lysine and tyrosine deficiency for milk protein synthesis and the adverse effect that formaldehyde protection of SBM may have on the rumen microbial population. Key words: Lactation, dairy cows, urea, corn silage, soybean meal, formaldehyde treatment

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