Studies with the intraruminal selenium pellet. 1. Some factors influencing the effectiveness of the pellet for selenium supplementation of sheep

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
DW Peter ◽  
DR Hudson ◽  
BS Chandler
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Surface Coatings ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
One Year ◽  
Plasma Selenium Concentration

A number of experiments were conducted to determine whether surface coatings on pellets, season of treatment, or age of sheep affected the efficacy of intraruminal selenium pellets, as measured by selenium status of the recipient sheep. Also, comparisons were made between pellets and oral drenches of sodium selenate, and between three brands of commercially available pellets. Plasma selenium concentration reached a maximum within 2 weeks of administration of either pellets or oral drenches. Thereafter concentrations declined rapidly, but with all three brands of commercial pellet examined, sheep would have been protected from white muscle disease for at least one year. There were, however, differences between brands; one brand of pellet maintained the sheep at a higher selenium status than the other two. Surface coating, season of treatment, and age of sheep had only minor effects on pellet efficacy.

Intake of selenium and other nutrients in relation to selenium status and productivity of grazing sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Hunter ◽  
DW Peter ◽  
MP Quinn ◽  
BD Siebert
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Selenium Status ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
South West ◽  
Low Selenium ◽  
Plasma Selenium Concentration

The selenium status of the sheep and seasonal fluctuations in the intake of dry matter, digestible dry matter and selenium over a 12-month period were measured in an experiment with 80 ewes and their offspring on annual pasture in the south-west of Western Australia. Forty of the ewes received an intraruminal selenium pellet 1 month prior to lambing in June. At weaning half of the lambs born to ewes in each treatment also received an intraruminal selenium pellet. There was a distinct seasonal pattern in the quality and quantity of pasture ingested. Dry matter digestibility was highest in winter (68.9%), declined during spring and was lowest during summer (32.3 %) when intake of digestible dry matter was not sufficient to maintain the liveweight of weaner sheep. Selenium intake by ewes was highest in winter (64 �g/day), when dry matter (DM) intake was maximum (1348 g/day). The intake of selenium (31 �g/day) and the plasma selenium concentration (7.8 �g/l) of unsupplemented ewes was least in spring when pasture was actively growing and its selenium concentration was declining. Plasma and liver selenium concentrations were least at weaning, both in lambs from unsupplemented ewes (3 �g/l and 0.093 mg/kg DM respectively) and from supplemented ewes (7 �g/l and 0.120 mg/kg DM respectively). Selenium supplementation of ewes resulted in elevated selenium concentrations in the plasma of their lambs up to 8 weeks of age. Plasma concentrations declined thereafter and by weaning, at c. 18 weeks, there was little difference between plasma selenium concentrations of lambs from supplemented and unsupplemented ewes. Despite a low selenium status of unsupplemented weaners, supplementation did not improve growth rate during the summer and autumn, the period when problems of selenium inadequacy have been recorded previously.

Retinol, α-Tocopherol and Vitamin D3 in White MuscleDisease

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6029-2018
Author(s):  
HANDAN MERT ◽  
SERKAN YİLDİRİM ◽  
IBRAHİM HAKKİ YORUK ◽  
KİVANC IRAK ◽  
BAHAT COMBA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Vitamins are essential for the health of all living organisms. Vitamins E, A, D and K are known as fat-soluble vitamins, and deprivation of vitamin E causes various disorders, especially in the reproduction and cardiovascular systems and in muscle functions. Vitamin A, on the other hand, has roles in various biological functions – like eyesight – and the growth, reproduction and differentiation of epithelial cells. Vitamin A deficiency leads to the keratinization of the epithelium, and disorders related to the metaplasies of the genital and genitourinary systems. Conversely, vitamin D is defined as a pro-hormone and is responsible for Cahomeostasis, and thus indirectly affects the bone metabolism, bone structure, and cellular and neural functions of Ca. White muscle disease (WMD) can occur in newborn lambs, but is more commonly seen in lambs of up to 3 months of age. In this study, 30 lambs of 3 to 50-days-old from different flocks diagnosed with White Muscle Disease (WMD) were selected as research material, while the control group consisted of 8 healthy lambs. With the aim of clarifying the cause of WMD, serum fat-soluble vitamins, retinol, α-tocopherol and vitamin D3 levels were determined in 16 lambs. Gluteal and heart musclet issue samples also were taken from 30 lambs with WMD. The vitamin levels of the samples were analysed by HPLC. The levels of serum α-tocopherol, retinols, and vitamin D3 were foundto be low in the diseased animals, but only retinol (p<0.001) and α-tocopherol (p<0.0011) level differences were statistically relevant. Macroscopically, Zenker’s necrosis was determined in the heart muscles of 17 lambs, and in the gluteal and chest muscles of 6 lambs. 7 lambs displayed necrosis in both their heart and in gluteal muscles. The samples were analyzed microscopically to reach similar findings: swollen homogeneous pink muscles, pycnotic nuclei, and hyperaemic and haemorrhagic blood vessels in gluteal, chest and heart muscles. Hyaline degeneration and Zenker's necrosis, dystrophic regions in necrotic areas, cc was detected as a severe disease in lambs at an early stage of life with advanced degeneration in different muscle tissues. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins was also detected in the sick animals. Control group lambs had higher levels of α tocopherol and retinol (p<0.001) compared to the sick lambs. .

Effects of Selenium and Vitamin E on White Muscle Disease

Science ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 128 (3331) ◽  
pp. 1090-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. H. MUTH ◽  
J. E. OLDFIELD ◽  
L. F. REMMERT ◽  
J. R. SCHUBERT
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
White Muscle Disease

Early and major decrease in plasma selenium concentration in an ovine model of peritonitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Xavier Forceville ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Pierre Van Antwerpen ◽  
Patrick Moreau ◽  
Michael Piagnerelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Ovine Model ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Plasma Selenium Concentration

The development of a soluble glass bolus to deliver selenium and cobalt to sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 245-245
Author(s):  
N.R. Kendall ◽  
A.M. Mackenzie ◽  
S.B. Telfer
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Muscle Disease ◽  
Single Element ◽  
White Muscle Disease ◽  
Soluble Glass ◽  
Copper Supplementation ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
The Uk

Trace element deficiencies have been reported throughout the UK and are known to decrease the productivity and welfare of animals. Selenium deficiency is characterised by muscular myopathy, white muscle disease or stiff lamb disease. Subclinical deficiencies can also cause reduced growth rate and impaired immune function. In ruminant animals, cobalt is required for the synthesis of vitamin B12 and deficiency leads to Pine, characterised by emaciation, anaemia and listlessness. Trace element deficiencies can be due to either a single element or multiple elements. Situations occur particularly in sheep where cobalt and/or selenium are deficient but where copper supplementation can be toxic. To correct these deficiencies, a single long-lasting and effective treatment in the form of a soluble glass bolus has been designed to release cobalt and selenium. This new bolus is similar to the commercial Cosecure® bolus, which is a Co/Se/Cu soluble glass, in which zinc replaces the copper.

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