Composition and digestibility of canola press cake as a feedstuff for use in swine diets

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Keith ◽  
J. M. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Press Cake ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Swine Diets ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations ◽  
Myrosinase Activity

Samples of canola press cake (PC) were collected from seven crushing plants in Western Canada over four successive weekly sampling periods to assess its nutrient and glucosinolate composition and variability. The digestibility of energy and crude protein (CP) (N × 6.25) of PC in growing pigs was also determined. Compared to canola meal (CM), PC contained more ether extract (EE) (21.21 vs. 3.92%), more gross energy (GE) (23.92 vs. 20.36 MJ kg−1) and less CP (34.10 vs. 41.85%), dry matter (DM) basis (P < 0.05). There were significant differences (P < 0.05) among crushing plants in the contents of EE, GE and CP in PC with the largest differences observed in EE; sampling period effects were small for all three components. Plant and period effects on amino acid concentrations in PC were similar to those effects on CP. Glucosinolate concentrations (oil-extracted DM basis) showed only slight reductions in PC from those in canola seed (CS). Both CS and PC concentrations were greater than in CM (P < 0.05) but myrosinase activity in PC was reduced to 0.65% of that in CS compared to 0.15% remaining in CM. Differences were found in total aliphatic glucosinolate concentrations among crushing plants (P < 0.05) (mean 23.75 μmol g−1) with only minor period effects. The digestibility of GE in PC was 75 % and of CP 75%. On DM basis PC contained 17.94 M J of digestible energy kg−1 and 25.6% digestible CP. Key words: Canola, press cake, composition, variability, digestibility, pigs

A survey of variation in the chemical composition of commercial canola meal produced in Western Canadian crushing plants

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
M. O. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Press Cake ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Composition Variation ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Mineral Concentrations

Canola samples of whole seed, press cake and commercial meal (CM) were collected from seven canola-crushing plants in Western Canada over 4 successive weeks to assess nutrient and glucosinolate content and variability. The CM data are described in this report. The mean concentrations in CM (dry matter (DM) basis) were: in %, crude protein (N × 6.25) 41.85; ether extract 3.92; crude fiber 13.13; neutral detergent fiber 23.54; acid detergent fiber 19.09; and in MJ kg−1, gross energy 20.36. The mean mineral concentrations were, in percent, calcium 0.70; magnesium 0.57; phosphorus 1.13; potassium 1.35; sulfur 0.94; and in μg g−1, copper 6.34; iron 157; manganese 54.7; molybdenum 1.5; selenium 1.22; zinc 75.8. Total aliphatic glucosinolate concentrations (oil-free DM basis) ranged from 6.26 to 28.42 μmol g−1 for different plants, mean 16.20; indolyl glucosinolate concentrations were from 0.56 to 9.49 μmol g−1. Small and variable amounts of allyl and hydroxybenzyl glucosinolates due to weed seed contamination were found. Myrosinase activity (thioglucoside glucohydrolase EC 3.2.3.1) averaged 0.15% of that in the corresponding canola seed. Differences among crushing plants were due mainly to regional environmental factors, cultivars used and, for lysine and glucosinolates, processing conditions mainly in the desolventizer toaster stage. Key words: Canola, meal, composition, variation, regional, Western Canada

scholarly journals Energy values and protein digestibility of soybean milk by-product in pigs based on in vitro assays

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Jung Yeol Sung ◽  
Bokyung Hong ◽  
Youngeun Song ◽  
Beob Gyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Soybean Milk ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Swine Diets

Background: Soybean milk by-product (SMBP) is a potential alternative feed ingredient in swine diets due to its high protein content. However, information on energy and nutritional values of SMBP used as swine feed ingredient is limited. Objective: To estimate energy values and protein digestibility of SMBP in pigs based on in vitro assays. Methods: Four SMBP samples were obtained from 3 soybean milk-producing facilities. In vitro total tract disappearance (IVTTD) and in vitro ileal disappearance (IVID) of dry matter (DM) in the SMBP samples were determined. In vitro ileal disappearance of crude protein was determined by analyzing crude protein content in undigested residues after determining IVID of DM. Digestible and metabolizable energy of SMBP were estimated using gross energy, IVTTD of DM, and prediction equations. Results: Sample 4 had greater IVTTD of DM than that of sample 3 (97.7 vs. 94.4%, p<0.05), whereas IVID of DM in sample 4 was lower compared with sample 1 (53.5 vs. 65.0%, p<0.05). In vitro ileal disappearance of crude protein in sample 2 was greater than that in sample 1 and 3 (92.6 vs. 90.6 and 90.1%; p<0.05). The estimated metabolizable energy of SMBP ranged from 4,311 to 4,619 kcal/kg as-is basis and the value of sample 3 was the least (p<0.05) among SMBP samples. Conclusion: Energy values and protein digestibility should be determined before using SMBP in swine diets.

scholarly journals PSIII-17 Nutritional value of high-lysine sorghum, red sorghum, white sorghum, and corn fed to growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 173-173
Author(s):  
Charmaine D Espinosa ◽  
Lori L Thomas ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
New Variety ◽  
High Lysine ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Swine Diets

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P and digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in a new variety of high-lysine sorghum is not different from values obtained in conventional sorghum varieties or in corn. In experiment 1, 48 barrows (18.63 ± 0.89 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to 1 of 8 diets. Diets were based on high-lysine sorghum, red sorghum, white sorghum, or corn as the sole source of P and these diets either contained no microbial phytase or 500 units/kg of phytase. Feces were collected using the marker to marker approach with 5-d adaptation and 4-d collection periods. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the Mixed Procedure of SAS. Results indicated that phytase supplementation improved (P ≤ 0.05) STTD of P in all ingredients, but the STTD of P in high-lysine sorghum was not different from the STTD of P in other grains (Table 1). In experiment 2, 32 barrows (18.54 ± 0.77 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 diets. Diets contained high-lysine sorghum, red sorghum, white sorghum, or corn as the only energy-containing ingredient. Feces and urine samples were collected using the marker to marker approach with 5-d adaptation and 4-d collection periods. Data were analyzed as explained for Exp. 1. The ATTD of gross energy in high-lysine sorghum was less (P ≤ 0.05) than in corn, but the DE and ME in high-lysine sorghum was not different from corn. In conclusion, supplementation of phytase improved STTD of P in cereal grains, and values for STTD of P, as well as for DE and ME in high-lysine sorghum, were not different from corn, which indicates that high-lysine sorghum can replace corn in swine diets.

scholarly journals Effect of a Multi-Carbohydrase and Phytase Complex on the Ileal and Total Tract Digestibility of Nutrients in Cannulated Growing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Cheng Yang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Ya-Kuan Huang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Distal Ileum ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Corn Distillers

The current study evaluated the influence of a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex (MCPC) on the ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs. A total of eight barrows (initial BW = 30.7 ± 1.1 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum and randomly allotted to four groups. The experiment was conducted according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design, each period lasting 10 days. Pigs were fed four experimental diets, which consisted of two basal diets (BD1, low phytate; BD2, high phytate) with or without MCPC containing at least 1800 U xylanase, 6600 U α-arabinofuranosidase, 1244 U β-glucanase, and 1000 U phytase per/kg corn–soybean meal with 15% corn distillers based diet. The high phytate diet reduced (p < 0.05) the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of crude protein by 1.4% and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of organic matter, crude protein, and gross energy by 1.7, 2.3, and 1.9%, respectively, and tended to decrease (p = 0.10) the ATTD of Ca by 17.3%, relative to the low phytate diet. The dietary supplementation of the MCPC increased (p < 0.05) the AID of phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) by 34.2% and 31.1% for BD1 and 26.7% and 41.3% for BD2, respectively, and increased (p < 0.05) ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca by 1.4%, 45.6%, and 9.6% for BD1 and 3.1%, 66.0%, and 52.7% for BD2, respectively. The MCPC supplementation did not significantly increase the AID and (or) ATTD of crude protein, organic matter, and starch. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of the MCPC could improve the AID of P and Ca and the ATTD of crude fat, P, and Ca.

The digestibility of dried microbial cells grown on methanol in diets for growing pigs

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Whittemore ◽  
I. W. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Cell Product ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Microbial N

SummaryA microbial cell product was compared with fish meal at three levels of dietary inclusion, using barley as the basal diet. Digestibility coefficients for flash-dried microbial cells (DMC) were calculated to be 0·85 for gross energy and 0·91 for N. Digestible energy (DE) values were 18·8 MJ DE/kg D.M. for DMC and 16·5 MJ DE/kg D.M. for the fish meal. Digestible nitrogen (DN) values were 119 g DN/kg D.M. for the DMC protein and 108 g DN/kg D.M. for the fish meal. The metabolizable energy (ME) values for diets containing DMC were similar to those for diets containing fish meal; ME/DE for diets containing about 16·5% crude protein was 0·96. Microbial N was less efficiently utilized than fish meal N; this was largely attributed to the different contents of nucleic acid N.

A note on the influence of Avoparcin on apparent digestibility and nitrogen retention in growing pigs

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ellis ◽  
M. Davies ◽  
P. A. Briggs ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Concentration ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTA metabolism trial was carried out to examine the influence of an antibiotic food additive (Avoparcin) on the apparent digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen retention in the growing pig. Two groups of pigs, comprising 12 castrates per group, were fed a barley-based diet (190g crude protein per kg dry matter) with or without the inclusion of the antibiotic (at a dietary concentration of 20 mg/kg). Addition of Avoparcin had no significant effect on the apparent digestibility of dry matter or gross energy but resulted in a small increase in the apparent digestibility of nitrogen (0·012; P < 0·05). There was a corresponding improvement in nitrogen retention (0·051) but the difference was not statistically significant.

Digestible energy content of meat meals and meat and bone meals for growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Batterham ◽  
C. E. Lewis ◽  
R. F. Lowe ◽  
C. J. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT1. The digestible energy content of 14 meat meals and meat and bone meals produced from different regions in eastern Australia was determined using growing pigs. The relationship between digestible energy content and chemical constituents in the meals was investigated.2. Digestible energy ranged from 9·4 to 13·9MJ/kg (air-dry basis). This variation in digestible energy was best described by the regression equation:3. Simpler equations, with only gross energy or crude protein and ether extract were:4. Digestibility of the energy and crude protein in the meals ranged from 0·63 to 0·77 and 0·73 to 0·91 respectively. These variations were not related to any of the major chemical constituents of the meals.

Nutritional composition and digestibility by 80-kg to 100-kg pigs of prepress solvent-extracted meals from low glucosinolate Brassica juncea, B. napus and B. rapa seed and of solvent-extracted soybean meal

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
R. T. Tyler ◽  
G. Rakow
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Chemical Marker ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Meal Composition

Seed of Brassica napus canola (cv. AC Excel), B. rapa canola (cv. AC Parkland), and B. juncea canola (line J90-4253) was oil-extracted in a prepress solvent pilot plant. The three canola meals and soybean meal (SBM) (commercial) were fed in four replicates of a digestibility trial to evaluate their digestibility. The meals were mixed with a nutritionally adequate barley-wheat-SBM basal diet at levels of 15 and 30%. Chromic oxide (Cr2O3) was included at 0.5% of the diet as a chemical marker. Eighteen hybrid gilts, approximately 90 kg, were randomized to the first two replicates involving nine diets, including the basal diet, and this allotment was repeated. Brassica juncea meal (air-dry) contained 43.85% crude protein of 82% digestibility and 18.33 MJ kg−1 of gross energy of 71% digestibility. The corresponding values for B. napus AC Excel meal were 41.78, 81, 18.64 and 64; for B. rapa AC Parkland meal 40.05, 79, 18.45 and 71, and for SBM 45.10, 88, 17.28 and 82. Digestible energy values were: B. juncea 13.9, B. napus 13.0, B. rapa 14.1 and SBM 15.9 MJ kg−1. Key words: Canola meal, B. juncea meal, composition, digestibility, pigs

RESPONSES OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS TO CANOLA-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS BASED ON BARLEY, SPRING OR WINTER WHEATS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. CASTELL ◽  
D. T. SPURR
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Relative Consumption ◽  
Key Words Barley ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
To Receive

Six diets were prepared using Bonanza barley (B, 1.78% N), Neepawa spring wheat (SW, 2.50% N) or Norstar winter wheat (WW, 2.11% N) with canola meal (CM, 5.70% N) or soybean meal (SBM, 7.62% N) as the protein supplement. Four of the diets (B-15%SBM, B-22%CM, SW-5%CM and WW-15%CM) were formulated to contain 16% crude protein (CP, N × 6.25), while the other diets (SW-15%CM, 18% CP; WW-5%CM, 14% CP) were included to facilitate comparison of both CM inclusion rates in diets based on each wheat. One pen, containing two females and two male castrates, was assigned to receive each diet, ad libitum, from two initial weights (averaging 22.6 and 31.7 kg) to market weight (91 kg). Among pigs receiving the 16% CP diets, growth rates favored the barley-fed groups (802 g∙pig−1∙day−1) and were lowest for those fed the SW-5% CM diet (732 g∙pig−1∙day−1, P < 0.05). Feed:gain ratios ranged from 3.48:1 (B-22%CM) to 3.93:1 (SW-5%CM). Carcass measurements revealed a corresponding pattern with barley-fed pigs producing the leaner carcasses. Results from pigs fed the four wheat-based diets suggested that cultivar effects were minor when the same level of protein supplement was used. Apparent digestibilities of energy ranged from 76% for B diets to 89% for SW and WW diets while coefficients of N digestibility were 68% (B diets), 85% (WW diets) and 88% (SW diets). A palatability study, based on relative consumption of paired diets, revealed a preference for Neepawa over Norstar and for the lower CM levels. Key words: Barley, canola, growing pigs, wheat

Effect of microbial enzyme supplementation on energy, amino acid digestibility and performance of pigs fed hulless barley based diets

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Baidoo ◽  
Y. G. Liu ◽  
D. Yungblut
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Microbial Enzyme ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
And Performance

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of a microbial enzyme preparation on the digestibility and performance of starter-growing pigs fed hulless barley based diets. In the digestibility trial, eight pigs with an average initial body weight of 14.3 ± 0.4 kg initial liveweight were surgically fitted with steered ileo-cecal valve cannulas at the terminal ileum. Two hulless barley varieties (Condor and CDC Buck) were separately used as the dietary energy source (77.6%) with canola meal as the protein supplement (20%). Enzyme supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the ileal dry matter (DM) digestibility by 15.2%, gross energy (GE) by 11.0% and protein by 7.6%. The average apparent ileal digestibility of the indispensable amino acids was improved by 6.9% (P < 0.05), and of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) was improved by 90%. The total-tract digestibility of DM was increased by 6.2%, GE by 6% and crude protein (CP) by 9.4% (P < 0.05). Enzyme supplementation tended to enhance digestion in the small intestine instead of the hind-gut as expected. In the growth performance trial, positive responses from enzyme supplementation were observed from both mash and pelleted diets fed to 48 pigs grown from 9 to 60 kg liveweight. The ADG was improved by 8.6% (P < 0.05) and feed conversion by 8.7% (P = 0.09). Pelleting had no adverse effect on enzyme activity. The results demonstrated that the enzyme supplementation improved (P < 0.5) nutrient utilization and performance of pigs fed diets containing hulless barley. Key words: Enzyme, hulless barley, digestibility, performance, swine

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