The effect of enzyme supplementation on the nutritive value of rye-based diets for swine

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
G. L. Campbell ◽  
J. GrootWassink
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

A total of 138 crossbred pigs were fed either a barley-based control diet or a rye-based diet supplemented or unsupplemented with a crude enzyme preparation with pentosanase activity. Digestibility coefficients were generally higher (P < 0.05) for pigs fed rye-based diets in comparison with barley while enzyme supplementation had no effect on nutrient digestibility. When fed in a meal form, there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the growth rate of pigs fed rye-based diets compared with barley (exp. 1). However, no significant differences were observed when pelleted diets were fed (exp. 2). The results of both experiments indicate that rye-based diets are not consumed as readily as barley-based diets although pigs fed rye-based diets had improved feed efficiencies. Supplementation with pentosanase did not significantly improve pig performance although in both experiments, there was a trend towards an improvement in growth rate. In exp. 1, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, estimated lean yield or carcass value index as a result of differences in the cereal base of the diet or enzyme supplementation. In exp. 2, the carcass weight and dressing percentage of pigs fed the rye-based diets were lower than those of the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it would appear that soluble pentosans do not pose as large a problem for swine as they do for poultry. Key words: Swine, rye, pentosans, pentosanase, digestibility

Effect of salinomycin and enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility and the performance of pigs fed barley- or rye-based diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
G. L. Campbell ◽  
J. W. D. GrootWassink
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Beta Glucanase ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Two experiments of a factorial design (sex × treatment) were conducted to determine the effects of enzyme and salinomycin supplementation on the nutritive value of barley or rye-based diets for growing pigs fed from approximately 20 to 85 kg. For exp. 1, 72 crossbred pigs were fed either a barley-based control diet or a similar diet supplemented with enzyme (Aspergillus niger; 750 units g−1 beta-glucanase and 650 units g−1 pentosanase), salinomycin (25 ppm) or both additives in combination. For exp. 2, two replicates of 48 pigs were fed either a barley-based diet, an unsupplemented rye-based diet or a rye-based diet supplemented with enzyme, salinomycin or both additives. During both experiments, chromic oxide (0.5%) was added to the diet of four to six pigs/treatment to act as a digestibility indicator starting when the pigs reached 42 kg. Neither enzyme nor salinomycin, alone or in combination, significantly improved the growth rate or feed efficiency of pigs fed barley or rye. Supplementation of barley with the combination of additives significantly (P < 0.05) improved protein digestibility while neither enzyme nor salinomycin had any effect on nutrient digestibility when fed alone. In rye-based diets, salinomycin, both alone and in combination, significantly (P < 0.05) improved the digestibility of crude protein and energy. Dry matter digestibility of the rye-based diets was unaffected by treatment. Key words: Swine, rye, barley, beta-glucanase, pentosanase, salinomycin

ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ARBOREA AND CASSAVA PEELS CONCENTRATES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Amoka Pius ◽  
Tawose O M
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Cassava Peels

The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea.  N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Fresh and Fermented Banana Stem in Low Protein Diet on Nutrient Digestibility, Productive Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Crossbred Pig ((Thai native x Meishan) x Duroc)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Chaiwat Arjin ◽  
◽  
Chanmany Souphannavong ◽  
Apinya Sartsook ◽  
Mintra Seel-audom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Banana Stem

Banana stem is a common feed component for raising pigs in mountainous Southeast Asia. However, its nutritive value and digestibility are low. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of unfermented and fermented banana stems on crossbred pigs concerning nutrient digestibility, productive performance, and intestinal morphology. Initially, an in vitro ileal digestibility test was performed for the following feedstuffs: fresh banana stem (BS), fermented banana stem (FBS), concentrate (C), fresh banana stem + concentrate (BSC), and fermented banana stem + concentrate (FBSC). For the 120-day experiment, 16 crossbred pigs were divided into two groups and fed with BSC and FBSC. They were placed in individual cages and subsequently moved to metabolic cages for seven days to determine apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD). Finally, all pigs were slaughtered and their small intestines were analyzed for intestinal morphology. The results show that pure fresh and fermented banana stems had low digestibility. However, their digestibility increased by 50% when mixed with concentrate. Crossbred pigs fed BSC and FBSC did not exhibit significant differences in their performance, but the intestinal morphology of the FBSC group had improved intestinal morphology, especially the villi height. In conclusion, both fresh and fermented banana stems can be recommended in a low protein diet as feed for crossbred pigs in an improved production system. This is relevant for raising pigs in mountainous areas, as it has the potential to reduce feed cost and maintain production performance.

Growth and carcass characteristics of ram, cryptorchid and wether Border Leicester x Merino lambs: effects of increasing carcass weight.

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Consumer Acceptability ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Score Distributions

The growth and carcass characteristics of first-cross Border Leicester x Merino ram, cryptorchid and wether lambs were compared over a range of slaughter weights (35-55 kg). Lambs were offered feed ad libitum after weaning. The growth rate of wether lambs (221 g/day) was less (P< 0.01) than that of rams and cryptorchids (308 and 280 g/day respectively, P = 0.076). The dressed carcasses of the wether lambs were approximately 2 percentage units heavier than those of the ram and cryptorchids, but this difference was partly due to the weight of the testes. Across all sex groups, dressing percentage increased by 0.46 percentage units per kg increase in carcass weight. The carcasses of rams and cryptorchid lambs tended to be leaner than those of wethers. Fat score distributions, based on export standards, were such that wethers scored higher (fatter) than rams and cryptorchids (P< 0.05). There was a significant sexx carcass weight interaction with GR tissue depths. Above 17 kg carcass weight, tissue depth of wether lambs was greater than those of the other sex types. Of 12 families assessing consumer acceptability (taste, smell, size, fatness and tenderness) of leg roasts, the majority showed no preference for any of the sexes.

Effects of sex and year on growth and live assessment of carcass characteristics of lambs grazing annual pastures

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
LP Thatcher ◽  
B Warren ◽  
PJ Nicholls
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Fat Score ◽  
Clover Content

Lambs from the Poll Dorset x (Border Leicester x Merino) cross were raised from a late lambing in 1983 (a year when pastures grew unchecked and had high clover content) and 1984 (a year with intermittent dry periods and a low clover content in pastures). Multivariate repeated measures analyses were used to compare growth rates for rams, wethers and ewes within 2 periods of growth in 1983, and 4 in 1984. In all stages rams grew significantly faster than wethers and ewes, whereas wether growth rate exceeded that of ewes in only 3 stages. In general, when pasture availability and quality was high, rams grew faster than wethers by 0.3 kg/week and ewes by 0.5 kg/week. The rams grew 0.16 kg/week faster when pasture availability was limiting for a period in winter but lost significant (P<0.01) body condition, whilst ewes maintained both weight and condition. When good quality feed was again available, rams gained more weight than wethers, as did wethers compared with ewes, while rams and wethers gained more condition than ewes. Carcass weight and fatness, measured either as indicators of fat (GR measurement or fat score) or as total subcutaneous fat, could be predicted from assessments made on live lambs. Full liveweight, sex and year explained 41% of variation in GR, 48% in fat score and 79% in subcutaneous fat. Condition score, sex and year explained 45% of variation in GR, 52% in fat score and 57% in subcutaneous fat. Full liveweight, condition score, sex and year explained 80% of the variation in subcutaneous fat, 47% in GR and 57% in fat score. An interaction of sex with full liveweight in predicting carcass weight and subcutaneous fat indicated that as carcass size increased, the sex of the lamb became an increasingly important consideration when assessing characteristics important in describing lamb carcasses. Dressing percentage decreased by 0.08/kg as liveweight increased. This result was consistent over the 2 years, with opportunities for error being assessed and eliminated in the second year. Notwithstanding that this was an unimportant loss in real terms, published information showed an increase in dressing percentage with liveweight.

The nutritive value of extruded and raw peas for growing and finishing pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.V. O’Doherty ◽  
U. Keady
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Gross Energy

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to determine the nutritive value of extruded or raw peas (Pisum sativum as an energy and protein supplement for pigs of 33 to 100 kg live weight. Experiment 1 determined the effects of extrusion on the nutrient apparent digestibility of peas when included at 200 g and 400 g/kg in the diet. In experiment 2, performance was determined in individually fed pigs (no. = 70) offered diets ad libitum including a control (no peas, T1), 200 g/kg raw peas (T2), 400 g/kg raw peas (T3), 200 g/kg extruded peas (T4), 400g/kg extruded peas (T5). The peas were extruded at 120°С for 30 s. All diets were formulated to have similar concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and total lysine. There was a significant interaction effect (P < 0·05) between level of peas and extrusion on the digestibility of the organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), energy and the DE content of the peas. The inclusion of 400 g/kg raw peas led to a lower estimated digestibility of OM (P < 0·001), N (P < 0·001), gross energy (P < 0·05) and DE content (P < 0·05) of the peas compared with the 200 g/kg peas. However, there was no difference (P > 0·05) between the digestibility of the 200 and 400 g/kg peas when the peas were extruded. In experiment 2, there was a significant interaction (P < 0·05) between the level of peas in the diet and extrusion. As the level of raw peas increased from 200 to 400g/kg, growth rate decreased (P < 0·01) and food conversion ratio (FCR) increased (P < 0·01). However, as the level of extruded peas was increased from 200 to 400g/ kg, there was no difference in either growth rate or FCR. It is concluded that extrusion of peas improved the nutrient digestibility and improved overall gain and FCR of the pigs.

KOCHIA SEED AS A COMPONENT OF THE DIET OF TURKEY POULTS: EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF SAPONIN REMOVAL OR INACTIVATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. M. COXWORTH ◽  
R. E. SALMON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Heavy Mortality

Two experiments were conducted to investigate methods of improving the nutritive value of kochia seed for turkey poults by removing or inactivating saponins present in the seed. Whole seed was washed with 1% NaOH to remove saponin, or whole seed was mixed with phytosterols to inactivate saponin. The weight gain, feed consumption, feed:gain ratio, and mortality were recorded for turkey poults fed diets containing 15 or 30% kochia seed. Performance equal to the control diet was obtained with a diet containing 15% kochia seed, which had been percolated and stirred with 1% NaOH. Grinding or heat-treating washed kochia seed did not improve performance. Diets containing kochia seed percolated without stirring with 1% NaOH showed a small nonsignificant improvement in growth rate associated with supplementation with leucine, threonine, and valine. The addition of sterols to unwashed kochia seed reduced the harmful effects of the saponins, but only partially at the level tested. Unwashed kochia seed, without addition of sterols, caused heavy mortality and reduced growth performance in comparison with the control diet and diets containing 1% NaOH washed kochia seed.

Halothane genotype by weight interactions on lean yield from pork carcasses

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Sather ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
A. K. W. Tong
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Weight Range ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Data on 42 halothane-sensitive pigs (HSL, nn-genotype), 169 Lacombe pigs (LAC, NN-genotype), 41 crossbred pigs (XBD, Nn-genotype), and 72 Yorkshire pigs (YRK, NN-genotype) representing 145 gilts and 179 castrates, were obtained over the liveweight range from 74.0 to 134.5 kg (average 105 kg) to examine the effect of genotype, gender and slaughter weight on the composition of the four lean cuts (ham, loin, picnic and butt). Gilts had a greater proportion of dissectible lean from lean cuts than castrates (557 ± 2.8 vs. 525 ± 2.6 g kg−1). The HSL pigs had the highest and LAC pigs the lowest commercial dressing percentage, increasing respectively from 85.3 to 86.0% and 79.7 kg to 82.6% as slaughter weight increased from 80 to 130 kg. Corresponding figures for XBD and YRK pigs, were 82.5 to 85.4 and 80.6 to 84.6%, respectively. Dissectible lean from lean cuts from 65-kg carcasses was 606, 525, 536 and 575 g kg−1 for HSL, XBD, LAC and YRK pigs, respectively. Corresponding figures for 85-kg and 105-kg carcasses were 574, 525, 515, and 555 g kg−1 and 542, 525, 494, and 535 g kg−1, respectively from HSL, XBD, LAC and YRK pigs. LAC and YRK pigs, each with exclusively NN-genotypes but differing in composition of lean cuts, maintained their relative differences in composition over the weight range studied. Heterogeneity of slopes for changes in proportion of lean in the lean cuts with increasing weight among the HSL, XBD and LAC pigs implied a genotype × weight interaction that could best by explained by an apparent increase in the dominance of the halothane gene with increasing carcass weight. Key words: Swine, carcass composition, halothane gene, weight, Lacombe, Yorkshire

scholarly journals Nutrient Digestibility And Growth Rate Of Bull Calves Fed Rice Straw Treated With Wood Ash Extract

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 42-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
MA Akbar ◽  
KMS Islam ◽  
ABM Khaleduzzaman ◽  
ABMR Bostami
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Bull Calves

An experiment was conducted for a period of 60 days with twelve bull calves with an average live weight of 77.78 ± 10.96 kg to determine the effect of treatment of rice straw with Wood Ash Extract (WAE) on feed intake, nutritive value, growth rate and economic benefits. The experimental animals were divided into three groups A, B and C having four animals in each. They were supplied randomly with three rations following randomized complete block design. All rations were made iso-nitrogenous by using urea as a source of nitrogen. Animals of group A were fed untreated rice straw, whereas, group B and C were fed urea-treated and WAE treated rice straw, respectively. The chemical analysis showed that treatment of rice straw with WAE increased ash content of straw from 13.93% to 16.45% and decreased the NDF content from 67.39% to 63.00%. The daily DM intake per 100 kg live weight of diet B was significantly (P<0.01) higher than that of diet A and C. The daily CP intake per 100 kg body weight of diet B (553.3g) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of diet A (449.5g). Similarly, the organic matter (OM) intake in bull calves fed diet B was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those fed diet A and C. The average daily live weight gain with diet B and C was significantly (P<0.01) higher than diet A. The animals fed diet B and C were more efficient in converting feed into live weight than animals fed diet A. Treating rice straw with wood ash extract improved the nutritive value, it significantly (P<0.01) increased the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, ADF and NDF. It also increased the DCP, DOM, DNDF and DADF contents of rice straw compared with untreated straw. Although the total feed cost of untreated group is lower than those of WAE and urea-treated groups, the feed cost per kg live weight gain as well as the feed cost per kg meat production of WAE and urea-treated groups were significantly (P<0.01) lower than that of untreated rice straw. It may be concluded that nutrient composition and digestibility of rice straw and live weight gain of animals can be improved by treating rice straw with wood ash extract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v38i1-2.9911 BJAS 2009; 38(1-2): 42-52

Bushel weight of wheat and enzyme supplementation did not affect weaner pig performance

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 213-213
Author(s):  
H.M. Miller ◽  
P. Toplis ◽  
P. Blanchard ◽  
R. Rawling
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Xylanase Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
High Level

Wheat is often the largest single ingredient in piglet diets and therefore variation in quality may have a large effect on piglet performance. Currently there is no rapid method for the nutritive assessment of wheat. The livestock feed industry traditionally uses bushel weight as a predictor of nutritive value; however this assumption has recently been challenged by a literature review (Miller and Wilkinson, 1998) and by a weaner trial (Miller, Toplis, Arnold, Cook and Marshall, 2000). The aim of this experiment was to compare two more extreme bushel weights of Riband (64 v 78 kg/hl) than used in the previous experiment (Miller et al., 2000) when fed to weaned piglets with and without a xylanase enzyme. In order to amplify possible differences wheats were uncooked and included in the test diets at an atypically high level. We hypothesised that 78 kg/hl bushel weight would outperform 64kg/hl bushel weight (which is below the standard accepted by feed mills for feed wheat) and that enzyme supplementation would improve the performance of both wheats.

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