KOCHIA SEED AS A COMPONENT OF THE DIET OF TURKEY POULTS: EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT METHODS OF SAPONIN REMOVAL OR INACTIVATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. M. COXWORTH ◽  
R. E. SALMON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Turkey Poults ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Heavy Mortality

Two experiments were conducted to investigate methods of improving the nutritive value of kochia seed for turkey poults by removing or inactivating saponins present in the seed. Whole seed was washed with 1% NaOH to remove saponin, or whole seed was mixed with phytosterols to inactivate saponin. The weight gain, feed consumption, feed:gain ratio, and mortality were recorded for turkey poults fed diets containing 15 or 30% kochia seed. Performance equal to the control diet was obtained with a diet containing 15% kochia seed, which had been percolated and stirred with 1% NaOH. Grinding or heat-treating washed kochia seed did not improve performance. Diets containing kochia seed percolated without stirring with 1% NaOH showed a small nonsignificant improvement in growth rate associated with supplementation with leucine, threonine, and valine. The addition of sterols to unwashed kochia seed reduced the harmful effects of the saponins, but only partially at the level tested. Unwashed kochia seed, without addition of sterols, caused heavy mortality and reduced growth performance in comparison with the control diet and diets containing 1% NaOH washed kochia seed.

Cottonseed meal in broiler diets. 2. Considerations of some aspects of amino acid balance and gossypol level in cottonseed meal and cottonseed-meat meal starter diets

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (65) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Packham ◽  
CG Payne
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Cottonseed Protein ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Soyabean Meal

Three broiler starter experiments investigated the inclusion of cottonseed meal in diets based on grain sorghum. In the first, 35.5 per cent cottonseed meal inclusion in lieu of 28.5 per cent soyabean meal was studied. Additional 0.05 per cent ferrous sulphate, to counteract gossypol toxicity in the cottonseed diets, increased feed consumption by 4.3 per cent and improved liveweight gain by 2.2 per cent. Dietary leucine at 1.25 per cent tended to give better performance than either 1 .I 5 or 1.35 per cent. No differences in performance occurred with isoleucine levels of 0.54 - 0.74 per cent. On the better cottonseed diets growth rate equalled that on the soya controls, though feed conversion was inferior. In the second experiment meat meal protein replaced 0, 25 or 50 per cent of the cottonseed meal protein. Growth was optimal on the cottonseed meal diet with 1.35 - 1.45 per cent total dietary lysine. On the meat meal-cottonseed meal diets, lysine levels of between 1.10 - 1.45 gave no significant differences in growth rate or feed efficiency. Leucine supplementation in addition to lysine did not affect performance. Overall, the diets with one-half meat meal protein substitution for cottonseed meal protein resulted in significantly depressed growth. In the third experiment, half the cottonseed protein was replaced by either a 'normal' meat meal or a meat meal containing blood. The cottonseed meal-normal meat meal diet was shown to be equally deficient in leucine and isoleucine, whereas the cottonseed meal-meat meal with blood diet was deficient in isoleucine only. With adequate amino acid supplementation, the performance on these cottonseed meal-meat meal diets was not inferior to that of a control diet based on soyabean meal.

A note on the nutritive value of wild oats

1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
A. Barranco ◽  
D. J. Morgan ◽  
B. S. Capper ◽  
L. M. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Biochemical Studies

ABSTRACTThe nutritive value of wild oats has been examined in two trials with growing rats. Feed consumption was reduced with diets containing 50 % wild oats and dry-matter digestibility was lower (76 and 73 %) with two diets containing 25 and 50 % wild oats compared with diets containing 25 and 50% barley (80·2 and 81·1 %). Live-weight gain was depressed when diets contained more than 45 % wild oats and it can be predicted that growth and feed conversion ratios of mono-gastric animals fed on diets containing high levels of wild oats are liable to be affected adversely. Biochemical studies indicated that any reduction in growth rate could not be attributed readily to specific toxic effects.

The effect of pectinase and α-galactosidase supplementation on the nutritive value of peas for broiler chickens

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Igbasan ◽  
W. Guenter ◽  
B. A. Slominski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Pectinase Enzyme ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Performance Trial

A total of 192 3-d-old male broiler chickens (Arbor Acres) were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments with eight replicates of four birds each per treatment. The treatments consisted of five levels (0, 50, 75, 100 and 125 U kg−1) of pectinase enzyme and a combination of pectinase (50 U kg−1) and α-galactosidase (6250 U kg−1) enzymes. The performance trial lasted for 2 wk. At the end of 2 wk, excreta were collected on three diets to determine nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn). Growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion of birds fed pea diets supplemented with graded levels of pectinase enzyme were not different from their counterparts fed a diet without pectinase supplementation; however, growth rate tended to be improved (P = 0.11). Also, the AMEn values of these diets were not affected. Compared with the control diet, addition of a combination of pectinase and α-galactosidase tended to improve growth rate (P = 0.06). Key words: Peas, pectinase, α -galactosidase, broiler chicken

The effect of enzyme supplementation on the nutritive value of rye-based diets for swine

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
G. L. Campbell ◽  
J. GrootWassink
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

A total of 138 crossbred pigs were fed either a barley-based control diet or a rye-based diet supplemented or unsupplemented with a crude enzyme preparation with pentosanase activity. Digestibility coefficients were generally higher (P < 0.05) for pigs fed rye-based diets in comparison with barley while enzyme supplementation had no effect on nutrient digestibility. When fed in a meal form, there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the growth rate of pigs fed rye-based diets compared with barley (exp. 1). However, no significant differences were observed when pelleted diets were fed (exp. 2). The results of both experiments indicate that rye-based diets are not consumed as readily as barley-based diets although pigs fed rye-based diets had improved feed efficiencies. Supplementation with pentosanase did not significantly improve pig performance although in both experiments, there was a trend towards an improvement in growth rate. In exp. 1, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage, estimated lean yield or carcass value index as a result of differences in the cereal base of the diet or enzyme supplementation. In exp. 2, the carcass weight and dressing percentage of pigs fed the rye-based diets were lower than those of the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it would appear that soluble pentosans do not pose as large a problem for swine as they do for poultry. Key words: Swine, rye, pentosans, pentosanase, digestibility

Responses of meat chickens offered 4-deoxynivalenol- and zearalenone-containing wheat, naturally infected with Fusarium graminearum

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 533 ◽  
Author(s):  
PF Mannion ◽  
BJ Blaney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Diet Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
And Control

The responses of meat chickens offered wheat naturally infected with F. rarninearum Schwabe (DONZEA wheat), a control wheat, a protein and trace nutrient concentrate (PTNC), and diets comprising a mixture of PTNC with either DON-ZEA or control wheat were examined over the period from 7 to 28 days of age. The six treatments were: (1) a choice of PTNC, DON-ZEA wheat and control wheat, (2) a choice of PTNC and DON-ZEA wheat, (3) a choice of PTNC and control wheat, (4) a choice of a PTNC and DON-ZEA wheat diet and a PTNC and control wheat diet, (5) a PTNC and DON-ZEA wheat diet, (6) a PTNC and control wheat diet. The DON-ZEA wheat and the DON-ZEA diet contained 19 and 12 mg 4-deoxynivalenol kg-', respectively, and 3 and 2.6 mg zearalenone kg-1, respectively. Each treatment was assigned to three groups of 10 chickens in a randomized block design. The primary response in chickens offered DON-ZEA wheat, either separately or in mixed diets, was a reluctance to eat the affected feed. This was most evident in treatment 1 when given a choice between DON-ZEA wheat (103 g wheat consumed bird -1) and control wheat (505 g wheat bird-1), and in treatment 4 when offered the DON-ZEA diet (326 g bird-1) and the control diet (821 g bird-1). The chickens showed less reluctance to eat the DON-ZEA wheat (396 g wheat bird-1) and the DON-ZEA diet (1073 g bird-1) when these were offered as the sole grain (treatment 2 ) or diet (treatment 5), respectively, although intakes were less than that of the control wheat (570 g wheat bird-') and of the control diet (1184 g bird-1) when these were offered as the sole grain or diet (treatments 3 and 6, respectively). It is concluded that diets based on wheat naturally infected with F. graminearurn may depress growth rate in meat chickens by reducing their feed consumption.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF BROKEN RICE AND GROUND FLINT CORN FOR YOUNG PIGS AND RATS

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. McKINNON ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
SUCHEEP RATARASARN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Broken Rice ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Fifty-two litters involving 380 pigs from Duroc (D), Landrace (L) and D × L breed groups were used in one experiment and 12 rats in another to assess the nutritive value of broken rice and corn as energy sources in starting diets of pigs from 3 to 10 wk of age and in diets of rats from 21 to 49 days of age. Dietary treatments in the pig experiment consisted of either broken rice, corn, or a broken rice/corn mixture (1:1) as the major ingredients or a control diet based on corn and soybean meal with 20% dried skim milk. Similar diets based on broken rice, corn or the mixture were used in the rat experiment. No significant differences were found during the pre-weaning period, but postweaning body weight at 8 and 10 wk of age, feed consumption and rate of gain were significantly (P < 0.05) greater for pigs fed the control diet. Rate of gain was significantly (P < 0.05) less and feed:gain ratios were significantly (P < 0.05) greater for broken rice than other diets in the pig experiment. Digestibility of energy was greater for broken rice than for other diets but digestibility of nitrogen was low for all diets. Lower feed intake and daily gain of pigs from Duroc and crossbred gilt breed groups was noted compared with pigs from Landrace or crossbred sow groups. No significant differences between dietary treatments were noted in the rat experiment. Digestible energy was estimated for all diets at 3,300–3,400 kcal/kg for pigs and 3,500–3,550 kcal/kg for rats.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CYANOGENIC GLUCOSIDE FRACTION OF CASSAVA ON PERFORMANCE, THIOCYANATE CONCENTRATION AND RHODANESE ACTIVITY OF RATS DURING GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
O. O. Tewe ◽  
J. H. Maner ◽  
G. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
Serum Thiocyanate ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Consistent Treatment ◽  
Thiocyanate Concentration ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

FEEDING of fresh and dried cassava (CMC 84 variety) containing 172.6 and 90.6mg FICN/Kg fresh material respectively caused a non-significant (P > 0.05) increase in daily feed intake as com­pared to a corn starch control diet. Growth rate of suckling rats was least on the fresh cassava diet and intermediate on the dried cassava diet. Post weaning feed consumption, growth rate and feed utilization were also considerably reduced by the cassava diets .The fresh cassava diet caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase in serum thiocyanate of Weaning Rats. At the end of the post-weaning growth study period, serum thiocyanate was significantly (P < 0.01) higher on both the fresh and dried cassava diets. Rhodanese activity changes did not show any consistent treatment effect.

ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ARBOREA AND CASSAVA PEELS CONCENTRATES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Amoka Pius ◽  
Tawose O M
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Cassava Peels

The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea.  N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.

scholarly journals Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341
Author(s):  
Sarayu Bhogoju ◽  
Collins N. Khwatenge ◽  
Thyneice Taylor-Bowden ◽  
Gabriel Akerele ◽  
Boniface M. Kimathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Dietary Treatments

There are well documented complications associated with the continuous use of antibiotics in the poultry industry. Over the past few decades, probiotics have emerged as viable alternatives to antibiotics; however, most of these candidate probiotic microorganisms have not been fully evaluated for their effectiveness as potential probiotics for poultry. Recent evaluation of a metagenome of broiler chickens in our laboratory revealed a prevalence of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and Actinobacteria class of bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract. In this study Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor (S. coelicolor) were selected as probiotic bacteria, encapsulated, and added into broiler feed at a concentration of 100 mg/kg of feed. In an 8-week study, 240 one day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. Three dietary treatments contained two probiotic bacteria in three different proportions (L. reuteri and S. coelicolor individually at 100 ppm, and mixture of L. reuteri and S. coelicolor at 50 ppm each). The fourth treatment had no probiotic bacteria and it functioned as the control diet. L. reuteri and S. coelicolor were added to the feed by using wheat middlings as a carrier at a concentration of 100 ppm (100 mg/kg). Chickens fed diets containing L. reuteri and S. coelicolor mixture showed 2% improvement in body weight gain, 7% decrease in feed consumption, and 6–7% decrease in feed conversion ratios. This research suggests that L. reuteri and S. coelicolor have the potential to constitute probiotics in chickens combined or separately, depending on the desired selection of performance index.

Effect of salinomycin and enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility and the performance of pigs fed barley- or rye-based diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
G. L. Campbell ◽  
J. W. D. GrootWassink
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Beta Glucanase ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Two experiments of a factorial design (sex × treatment) were conducted to determine the effects of enzyme and salinomycin supplementation on the nutritive value of barley or rye-based diets for growing pigs fed from approximately 20 to 85 kg. For exp. 1, 72 crossbred pigs were fed either a barley-based control diet or a similar diet supplemented with enzyme (Aspergillus niger; 750 units g−1 beta-glucanase and 650 units g−1 pentosanase), salinomycin (25 ppm) or both additives in combination. For exp. 2, two replicates of 48 pigs were fed either a barley-based diet, an unsupplemented rye-based diet or a rye-based diet supplemented with enzyme, salinomycin or both additives. During both experiments, chromic oxide (0.5%) was added to the diet of four to six pigs/treatment to act as a digestibility indicator starting when the pigs reached 42 kg. Neither enzyme nor salinomycin, alone or in combination, significantly improved the growth rate or feed efficiency of pigs fed barley or rye. Supplementation of barley with the combination of additives significantly (P < 0.05) improved protein digestibility while neither enzyme nor salinomycin had any effect on nutrient digestibility when fed alone. In rye-based diets, salinomycin, both alone and in combination, significantly (P < 0.05) improved the digestibility of crude protein and energy. Dry matter digestibility of the rye-based diets was unaffected by treatment. Key words: Swine, rye, barley, beta-glucanase, pentosanase, salinomycin

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