EFFET DU RÉGIME LUMINEUX IMPOSÉ DURANT LA GESTATION ET LA LACTATION SUR LES PERFORMANCES REPRODUCTIVES DES TRUIES À LEURS QUATRE PREMIERES PORTÉES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-PIERRE CHARUEST ◽  
SYLVAIN PAGE ◽  
JACQUES J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Light Regimen ◽  
Physiological Stage ◽  
Age At First Farrowing

During a 3-yr period, 902 Landrace-Yorkshire gilts were randomly assigned to a 4 h light: 20 h dark (4) or a 16 h light: 8 h dark (16) photoperiod as they entered the reproductive herd at an average age of 225 ± 15 d. The two light regimens were maintained throughout gestation (G) until 1 wk prior to farrowing. For the lactation period (L) the gilts were either maintained on the same light regimen as during gestation or switched to the opposite one before being returned at weaning to the light regimen imposed during gestation. Four light regimens were then formed, namely G4-L4, G4-L16, G16-L4 and G16-L16, and the practical consequences of such light regimens evaluated in a commercial herd. Conception rate at first service, age at first farrowing and litter size in gilts were not influenced by light regimens. At first weaning, more sows in the L16 groups failed to be bred by 32 d postweaning (P < 0.08) while at second and third weanings only a few sows on either light regimen failed to be bred. The proportion of sows bred between days 4–7 postweaning was higher for the G4-L4 and G16-L16 light regimens in first, second and third sows (P < 0.03, 0.02 and 0.06 respectively). Litter size at second farrowing was greater in sows of the G16-L4 regimen than in any other one (P < 0.03) but was similar in all groups at third and fourth farrowings. These data indicate that alternation of light regimens between gestation and lactation increases the weaning-estrus interval while a G16-L4 sequence improves conception rate and litter size of second parity sows. Key words: Swine, photoperiod, productivity, physiological stage, parity

THE ACCUMULATIVE EFFECT OF FINNSHEEP BREEDING IN CROSSBREEDING SCHEMES: REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMED H. FAHMY ◽  
JACQUES J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Size At Birth

Reproductive performance and body weight were studied on 361 ewes, representing Finnsheep (F), DLS (a population of 1/2 Dorset, 1/4 Leicester, 1/4 Suffolk) and seven combinations ranging from 1/8 to 7/8 Finnsheep breeding. Conception rate in yearlings was 61.5% for DLS compared to 89.0% for F with the crosses being intermediate. Conception rate in older ewes was similar in the different genetic groups (avg. 94%). Ovulation rate and litter size at birth of DLS ewes were 1.72 and 1.44 lambs, which was less than half those of F ewes (3.51 and 2.86 lambs, respectively). Both traits increased progressively with an increase in F breeding in crosses and with advances in age. DLS ewes weaned 1.22 lambs compared to 2.03 lambs for F ewes and 1.84 lambs for 4/8 F ewes. The heaviest litters at weaning (31.7 kg) were raised by 4/8 F ewes, followed by 7/8 F (30.8 kg) while those raised by DLS ewes weighed 23.0 kg and F ewes 29.1 kg. Percentage of ova lost per ewe mated averaged 24% and ranged between 18% (DLS and 1/8 F) and 29% (6/8 F). About 3.6% of lambs were born dead and a further 13.8% died before weaning. Preweaning mortality rate was highest in F (22.9%) and lowest in 3/8 F (9.4%). Average kilograms of lambs weaned per ewe exposed was highest in 4/8 F (27.6 kg) followed by F (26.0 kg), whereas that of DLS was the lowest at 18.1 kg. The 4/8 F cross showed 25% heterosis in kg of lambs weaned per ewe exposed and 52.5% increase over DLS. Significant positive linear regressions were calculated for ovulation rate, litter size and preweaning mortality rate on proportion of Finnsheep breeding in crosses. The relation was quadratic for percent ova lost and lamb mortality at weaning. Yearling DLS females weighted 36 kg compared to 44 kg for F yearlings. However, at 5 yr of age DLS ewes weighed 62 kg, 5 kg heavier than F ewes. The heaviest ewes at all ages were the 4/8 F (45 kg at 1 yr, 65 kg at 5 yr). Key words: Reproduction, DLS sheep, Finnsheep, crossbreeding, heterosis, repeatabilities

EFFET DE L'IMPOSITION DE DEUX RÉGIMES LUMINEUX À DEUX STADES PHYSIOLOGIQUES SUR LE TAUX DE RÉFORME POUR ANOESTRUS ET NON GESTATION CHEZ LA COCHETTE ET LA TRUIE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
SYLVAIN PAGÉ ◽  
JEAN-PIERRE CHARUEST ◽  
JACQUES J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Physiological Stage

During a 3-yr period, Landrace-Yorkshire gilts of an average age of 225 d were randomly assigned to 4 h light — 20 h dark (4) or 16 h light — 8 h dark (16), as they entered the herd. In the gestation room (G), the two light treatments were maintained until culling or 1 wk prior to farrowing. For the lactation period (L), the gilts were either maintained on the same light treatment as the gestation or switched to the opposite one before going back again at weaning to the light treatment received in gestation. Four light treatments were then formed, namely: G4-L4, G4-L16, G16-L4 and G16-L16 and the practical consequences of such light regimens evaluated in a commercial herd. In gilts, the culling rate for anestrus (at 304 d of age) was 6.6% for the 956 gilts available for the study and was unaffected by photoperiod imposed during gestation. The culling rate for failure to maintain pregnancy was 4.7% for the 1150 gilts available and was higher (P < 0.01) in gilts exposed to the 4 h light (G4). In primiparous sows, the culling rates for anestrus (40 d after weaning) and failure to maintain pregnancy were 10.7% and 6.2%, respectively, for the 475 and 678 sows available for the study. The culling rates for anestrus and failure to maintain pregnancy were higher for sows exposed to the 16 h light in lactation (L16, P < 0.06 and P < 0.02, respectively). After two and three farrowings, the culling rates were negligible for all treatments. Among females culled for anestrus, 62% of gilts and 58% of primiparous sows showed luteal structures (corpora lutea and/or corpora albicantia) at slaughter and were unaffected by treatments. Among females culled for anestrus and failure to maintain pregnancy, 24% of gilts and 19% of primiparous sows had genital abnormalities. These data indicate that the effect of photoperiod on the culling rate for reproductive failure in swine was dependent upon parity and physiological stage at which it is imposed. Key words: Gilt, sow, photoperiod, culling, anestrus, failure to maintain pregnancy

scholarly journals PSIX-19 The impact of piglet nursing location along the sow udder line on piglet gain and subsequent weaning weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 183-184
Author(s):  
Shannon L Dierking ◽  
Harold J Monegue ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gland Development

Abstract Piglet weaning weight is a critical factor that influences post-weaning growth and performance. Weaning weight is a function of birth weight and the amount and nutrient density of the milk consumed during lactation. Milk production is influenced by sow mammary gland development and diet consumption but may also be a biological function of teat location along the udder line. The objective of this study was then to determine the effects of piglet nursing location along the udder on overall piglet gain and weaning weight. A total of 1,078 individual piglets were observed during the nursing period at three time points during lactation. The teat pairs along the udder line were labeled from anterior to posterior (1-7, respectively) to define nursing location. At the end of the lactation period, the observed piglet nursing location was evaluated for both actual weaning weight and overall piglet weight gain during lactation. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance with the statistical model utilizing litter size as a covariate. As expected, when litter size was utilized as a covariate, there was a significant effect on piglet weaning weight (P &lt; 0.0001), and there was both a linear and quadratic effect of location (L, P &lt; 0.0001; Q, P = 0.0009) on both weaning weight and lactation piglet gain. Heavier piglets were weaned from more anterior teats (teat pairs 1-4), with the numerically heaviest piglets weaned from teat pair 4 (6.12 kg), with the lowest weight piglets being weaned from teat pair 7 (5.17 kg). Piglet weight gain during lactation was impacted by litter size (P &lt; 0.0001), but nursing location did not affect lactation weight gain (P = 0.57). Due to the differences in piglet weights at weaning, it can be concluded that piglet nursing location influences overall piglet weaning weight.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF THE DOE WEIGHT ON HER REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENY

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ebrahim Ahmed ◽  
Hussain Yawr Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand

Thirty-six local dose have been used and were divided in to three groups sacording to weight, in each group twelve dose. In the first group the weights of the dose were higher than ( 2.5 kgs) and less than (3 kgs). The second groups was higher than 3 kgs) and less than (3.5 kgs). The third group was higher than (3.5 kgs) and less than (4 kgs). The aim of this study was to obtain the effect of doe weight on her reproductive efficiency (gestation period, litter size, litter weight at birth and weaning, growth rate of offspring preweaning, conception rate and preweaning mortility).  The weight of the doe had no significant effect upon the gestation period and this period was 30.9, 31.2, 31.3 days for the three groups respectively, on the other hand the litter size was affected significantly by doe weight and litter size was at birth and preaweaning (5.1 , 5.8 and 6.2), (4.5, 5.3 and 5.7) for the three groups respectively. The offspring weight at birth and weaning was affected significantly by doe weight and this weight was (40.1 , 48.2 and 53.3 gms), (203.6, 227.5 and 233.8 gms) for the three groups respectively while the conception rate was not affected by doe weight. The mortility percentage in the prewaning period was not significantly by doe weight

scholarly journals The influence of adding estradiol to semen on reproductive performance of sows

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 589-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Kirkwood ◽  
P. A. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

One hundred gilts and one hundred mixed-parity sows of Yorkshire and Landrace breeding were inseminated with semen with or without an additional 10 μg estradiol-17β. Pregnancy rates of gilts receiving estradiol-supplemented and control semen were 90 and 79%, respectively (P < 0.09). The estradiol supplementation of semen did not improve the pregnancy rates or litter size in sows. Key words: Swine, artificial insemination, estradiol

The influence of purified porcine relaxin on the reproductive performance of sows following artificial insemination with fresh or frozen semen

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
A. D. Gooneratne ◽  
R. N. Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Frozen Semen

Pregnancy rates and litter sizes following insemination of sows with fresh-extended and frozen-thawed semen averaged 71 vs. 53% and 10.6 vs. 4.4, respectively, and was not affected by the addition of 12.5 μg relaxin to semen. These results indicate no relaxin mediated effect on either pregnancy rate or litter size when sows are artificially inseminated with relaxin-supplemented semen. Key words: Artificial insemination, relaxin, sows

INFLUENCE OF BREED, BIRTH DATE, AGE AND BODY WEIGHT ON LINEAR BODY MEASUREMENTS OF GROWING RAMS MAINTAINED IN A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
D. P. HEANEY ◽  
P. S. FISER ◽  
G. A. LANGFORD
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Body

Heart girth (HG), body length (BL), leg length (LL), metacarpal circumference (MC), withers height (WH) and hook width (HW) of 233 growing rams of three synthetic strains, Suffolk and Finnsheep breeds were measured at 6, 8 and 10 mo of age. Thereafter, subsequent measurements were taken at 11–13 mo, 18–21 mo and 23–25 mo of age. Breed, birth period (hysterectomy derived birth date), age of ram and body weight (BW) had important effects (P < 0.05) on linear body measurements, whereas age of dam did not (P > 0.05). Significant effects of litter size on HG and BL were observed at 6 and 8 mo of age, respectively. All linear body measurements increased from 6 to 21 mo of age, whereas BL, WH and HW continued to increase to 25 mo. Rams of Strain 1, developed as a synthetic sire strain, with a large proportion of Suffolk background were generally similar to the Suffolk rams in all body measurements except for HG which was significantly larger than in Suffolk rams. The Finnsheep rams had smaller HG, BL, MC and HW than the synthetic strains and Suffolk rams, whereas LL and WH of the Finnsheep and Suffolk rams were similar. Rams of Strains 2 and 3, developed as synthetic dam strains with 50 percent Finnsheep background, were similar in body measurements. The synthetic dam strains did not differ from Strain 1 and/or Suffolk with respect to HG, BL, WH and HW. However, Suffolk rams had larger MC and shorter LL compared to those of the Strain 2 and 3 rams. Birth period had a significant effect on HG, BL, LL and MC, but no consistent trend with age of ram was apparent. Linear body measurements were positively correlated with each other and with body weight; however, the relationship varied as rams progressed in age. The importance of breed, birth date, age of ram and body weight on body measurements and the requirements for appropriate adjustments is emphasized. Key words: Sheep, body measurements, breed, birth date, age of ram

scholarly journals 166 The effect of late lactation and pre-breeding nutrition on reproductive outcomes in an accelerated lambing system

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 173-173
Author(s):  
Richard A Ehrhardt ◽  
Jordan Moody ◽  
Barbara Makela ◽  
Veiga-Lopez Almudena
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Reproductive Outcomes ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Embryonic Loss

Abstract Productivity and seasonal constraints in lamb production can be overcome with accelerated systems. Accelerated adoption, however, has been limited by seasonal constraints in reproduction. Preliminary data suggest that periconceptional nutrition affects reproduction in the sub-optimal, long day breeding season. To evaluate this, we randomly assigned prolific, multiparous, Polypay x Dorset ewes at mid-lactation to nutritional treatments (5) over 2 periods: last 30 days of lactation (LACT) followed by the flushing period (FLUSH) consisting of the 21-day pre-breeding and the 34-day breeding period (total 55 days). During LACT, ewes were fed 100% (C), 70% (Low), or 150% (High) of late lactation energy requirements according to lamb rearing status (single or multiple). At FLUSH, Low or High ewes were fed either 70% (Low) or 150% (High) of energy requirements for maintenance (C ewes fed at 100% maintenance during FLUSH). This design was repeated over two seasons: optimal (SHORT day, n = 117) and suboptimal (LONG day, n = 108) breeding periods at 42.73°N and 84.5°W. Ewes were exposed to Dorset rams in 5 pens at 4–5% rotated every 12h. Reproductive outcomes were examined by ultrasound (transabdominal for litter size and conception rate; transrectal for early pregnancy loss). GLM analysis revealed changes in bodyweight and body condition score (BCS) consistent between seasons (Table 1). Regardless of dietary treatment, litter size was higher in SHORT (P &lt; 0.05), while embryonic loss tended to be higher in LONG season (P = 0.08). Within season, treatment had no effect on reproductive outcomes, however prolonged undernutrition (Low-Low) reduced conception rate in LONG vs. SHORT season (100 vs.78%; P &lt; 0.05). These results indicate that 1) high conception rates in LONG are attainable with natural mating and 2) chronic undernutrition hampers conception during long day periods. Finally, traditional flushing protocols are inadequate to invoke an optimal ovulation response regardless of season in accelerated systems.

Variation in the Seasonal Oestrus Period in Three Breeds of Greek Sheep

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 90-90
Author(s):  
A. Vosniakou ◽  
P. Tsakalof ◽  
J.M. Doney
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Intermediate Activity ◽  
Natural Mating

The preferred mating period in Greece is spring and early summer. Conception rate to natural mating at the end of one oestrus period or early in the next is low, leading to a lengthy lambing period. Some 10% of flocks are synchronised during this period by a standard progestagen/PMSG treatment. There is considerable variation in ovulation rate, conception rate and litter size which could be related to within-flock variation in oestrous activity.Fourteen adult ewes from each of three breeds -Chios, Karagouniko and Serres - were maintained as a single flock at Diavata (latitude 40.5°N), without mating, from the end of the milking period in September. From the following April, oestrous activity was checked daily by vasectomised ram for 18 months. Live weight was maintained approximately constant at 59, 54 and 54 kg, respectively, for Chios, Karagouniko and Serres. Plasma progesterone was measured 10 days after detected oestrus and after 28 days when there was no intermediate activity. A silent oestrus in the breeding period was counted as oestrus but when it occurred prior to the first or after the last detected oestrus, it was not used to determine the breeding period.

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