EFFET DE L'IMPOSITION DE DEUX RÉGIMES LUMINEUX À DEUX STADES PHYSIOLOGIQUES SUR LE TAUX DE RÉFORME POUR ANOESTRUS ET NON GESTATION CHEZ LA COCHETTE ET LA TRUIE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
SYLVAIN PAGÉ ◽  
JEAN-PIERRE CHARUEST ◽  
JACQUES J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Physiological Stage

During a 3-yr period, Landrace-Yorkshire gilts of an average age of 225 d were randomly assigned to 4 h light — 20 h dark (4) or 16 h light — 8 h dark (16), as they entered the herd. In the gestation room (G), the two light treatments were maintained until culling or 1 wk prior to farrowing. For the lactation period (L), the gilts were either maintained on the same light treatment as the gestation or switched to the opposite one before going back again at weaning to the light treatment received in gestation. Four light treatments were then formed, namely: G4-L4, G4-L16, G16-L4 and G16-L16 and the practical consequences of such light regimens evaluated in a commercial herd. In gilts, the culling rate for anestrus (at 304 d of age) was 6.6% for the 956 gilts available for the study and was unaffected by photoperiod imposed during gestation. The culling rate for failure to maintain pregnancy was 4.7% for the 1150 gilts available and was higher (P < 0.01) in gilts exposed to the 4 h light (G4). In primiparous sows, the culling rates for anestrus (40 d after weaning) and failure to maintain pregnancy were 10.7% and 6.2%, respectively, for the 475 and 678 sows available for the study. The culling rates for anestrus and failure to maintain pregnancy were higher for sows exposed to the 16 h light in lactation (L16, P < 0.06 and P < 0.02, respectively). After two and three farrowings, the culling rates were negligible for all treatments. Among females culled for anestrus, 62% of gilts and 58% of primiparous sows showed luteal structures (corpora lutea and/or corpora albicantia) at slaughter and were unaffected by treatments. Among females culled for anestrus and failure to maintain pregnancy, 24% of gilts and 19% of primiparous sows had genital abnormalities. These data indicate that the effect of photoperiod on the culling rate for reproductive failure in swine was dependent upon parity and physiological stage at which it is imposed. Key words: Gilt, sow, photoperiod, culling, anestrus, failure to maintain pregnancy

EFFET DU RÉGIME LUMINEUX IMPOSÉ DURANT LA GESTATION ET LA LACTATION SUR LES PERFORMANCES REPRODUCTIVES DES TRUIES À LEURS QUATRE PREMIERES PORTÉES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1015-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-PIERRE CHARUEST ◽  
SYLVAIN PAGE ◽  
JACQUES J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Light Regimen ◽  
Physiological Stage ◽  
Age At First Farrowing

During a 3-yr period, 902 Landrace-Yorkshire gilts were randomly assigned to a 4 h light: 20 h dark (4) or a 16 h light: 8 h dark (16) photoperiod as they entered the reproductive herd at an average age of 225 ± 15 d. The two light regimens were maintained throughout gestation (G) until 1 wk prior to farrowing. For the lactation period (L) the gilts were either maintained on the same light regimen as during gestation or switched to the opposite one before being returned at weaning to the light regimen imposed during gestation. Four light regimens were then formed, namely G4-L4, G4-L16, G16-L4 and G16-L16, and the practical consequences of such light regimens evaluated in a commercial herd. Conception rate at first service, age at first farrowing and litter size in gilts were not influenced by light regimens. At first weaning, more sows in the L16 groups failed to be bred by 32 d postweaning (P < 0.08) while at second and third weanings only a few sows on either light regimen failed to be bred. The proportion of sows bred between days 4–7 postweaning was higher for the G4-L4 and G16-L16 light regimens in first, second and third sows (P < 0.03, 0.02 and 0.06 respectively). Litter size at second farrowing was greater in sows of the G16-L4 regimen than in any other one (P < 0.03) but was similar in all groups at third and fourth farrowings. These data indicate that alternation of light regimens between gestation and lactation increases the weaning-estrus interval while a G16-L4 sequence improves conception rate and litter size of second parity sows. Key words: Swine, photoperiod, productivity, physiological stage, parity

Vaccination against follistatin and the effect on ovulation rate in estrus-induced gilts

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
C. R. Christensen ◽  
M. J. Redmond ◽  
B. Laarveld
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Antibody Titers

Primiparous sows were vaccinated against follistatin to determine the effect on ovulation rate following typical commercial estrus induction and synchronization. Seventy-five gilts received four vaccinations against a recombinant porcine follistatin (FS) or a sham vaccine (CTL). At 85 kg, gilts were induced into estrus with a combination of PG600 and hCG and synchronized using PGF2α. At the second estrus, antibody titers ranged from 0 to1:6400 in the FS-vaccinated treatment group and no FS antibodies were detected in the CTL group. Late in the second subsequent luteal phase the reproductive tracts of the gilts that had displayed two estruses were collected. There was no significant difference in the number of corpora lutea (FS = 13.2 ± 0.5, CTL = 14.5 ± 0.7) or corpora albicantia (FS = 12.1 ± 1.9, CTL = 12.3 ± 2.0) between treatments. Follistatin-vaccinated gilts displayed an increased number of luteal structures which resembled corpora hemorrhagica (P = 0.04). This study shows that vaccination of gilts against FS concurrent with estrus induction and synchronization affected ovarian morphology, although an effect on ovulation rate was not apparent. Key words: Swine, follistatin, immunoneutralization, fecundity, ovulation rate

Comparison of bovine uterine horns for progesterone and oxytocin levels with bilateral corpus luteum

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Cerbito ◽  
M. P. B. Wijayagunawardane ◽  
M. Takagi ◽  
K. Sato ◽  
A. Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Uterine Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Right

Bovine uterine horns with both ovaries containing a corpus luteum (CL) were compared for progesterone (P4) and oxytocin (OT) concentrations during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Uterine tissue samples from five Holstein cows with bilateral CL obtained from the slaughterhouse were used for this study. No significant difference was observed in P4 and OT levels in the right and left horns with corpora lutea in both ovaries. The data clearly indicate that both sides of the uterine horn having a functional CL are exposed to similar levels of P4 and OT, supporting the hypothesis that luteal products are delivered locally to the uterus. Key words: Progesterone, oxytocin, uterine horn, bilateral, corpus luteum, cow

THE BREEDING SEASON AND OVULATION RATE OF DLS EWES AS DETERMINED BY LAPAROSCOPY

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMED H. FAHMY ◽  
JACQUES J. DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea

Ovaries of 19 DLS (1/2 Dorset 1/4 Leicester 1/4 Suffolk) ewes were examined by laparoscopy at 16- to 18-day intervals to determine the length of the breeding season. Nine ewes (47%) had corpora lutea (CL) and/or corpora albicantia (CA) between 22 Apr. and 26 May 1983. The average date of the first estrus accompanied by mounting was 28 Aug. ± 10 d in 1983 and 20 Sept. ± 15 d in 1984. The interval between first and last observed CL and first and last mounting averaged 251 ± 28, and 222 ± 32 d, respectively. The average dates in 1984 when mounting ceased and CL and CA were last observed were 11 Apr. ± 26 d, 26 Apr. ± 27 d and 9 May ± 30 d, respectively. The anestrous period averaged 133 ± 28 d. The average ovulation rate at the last two cycles of a season and the first two cycles of the following breeding season were 1.6 ± 0.53 and 1.7 ± 0.65 for the 1983 and 1.1 ± 0.31 and 1.4 ± 0.71 for the 1984 seasons, respectively. Key words: Breeding season, ovulation rate, laparoscopy, DLS sheep

FAILURE OF A 16 h L:8 h D or AN 8 h L:16 h D PHOTOPERIOD TO INFLUENCE LACTATION OR REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN SOWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. GREENBERG ◽  
J. P. MAHONE
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Long Photoperiod ◽  
Size At Birth

Forty-one sows were divided into two groups where animals were either exposed to a long photoperiod (16 h L:8 h D) or a short photoperiod (8 h L:16 h D) 1 mo before parturition. One month prior to the following parturition, sows were switched to the opposite light treatment and maintained on this treatment until the following estrus. Birth weight and litter size at birth of piglets conceived under natural lighting (15.4 h L) did not significantly differ from piglets conceived under a 16 h L or 8 h L photoperiod. Litter size at weaning and weight of piglets did not significantly differ for receiving a 16 h L or an 8 h L regime followed by the opposite treatment. The length of time to return to heat from weaning to next estrus was unaffected by photoperiod. The results from this experiment indicate that photoperiods of 16 h L:8 h D or 8 h L:16 h D have no influence on reproductive efficiency or lactation in sows. Key words: Light, photoperiod, production, swine, sows

Behaviour of mink kits and dams (Mustela vison) in the lactation period

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. -L. Brink ◽  
L. L. Jeppesen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Mustela Vison ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Agonistic Behaviour ◽  
Key Words Animal ◽  
Mink Kits

This study describes the development of the behaviour of mink kits and dams from the fourth to the eighth respectively seventh week after delivery. The study is based on scan observations of 72 mink dams and their kits at a conventional Danish mink farm. The kits started eating when they were about 30 d old. Drinking started almost 2 wk later. During these 2 wk there was a peak in the licking of saliva from the dam and of the inter-litter agonistic behaviour. A causal relationship between experienced thirst and agonistic behaviour is suggested. The kits’ sucking declined to only 5% of the time budget in the seventh week and the stereotypy frequency of the dams increased to about 4% of the time budget. It is suggested that some dams are frustrated by the forced cohabitation with their nutritionally independent kits already in the seventh week and that this should be taken into account when deciding time of weaning. Key words: Animal welfare, behaviour, mink dam, mink kit, Mustela vison, weaning

Influence de la qualité de l'éclairement sur les corrélations entre le cotylédon et son bourgeon axillaire chez le Linum usitatissimum

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fathi Oueida ◽  
Marie-Odile Desbiez
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Experimental Conditions

The precedence of one cotyledonary bud over another, as a result of the removal of one of the cotyledons, can be measured quantitatively using the precedence index, g. When g tends towards +1, it is the bud opposite to the deleted cotyledon that takes the precedence, whereas when it tends toward −1, it is the axillant one. When g is close to 0, it corresponds to a globally symmetrical population of plants, in which the bud opposite to the deleted cotyledon and the axillant bud take the precedence in an approximately equal number of plants. When the flax is taken, after decapitation and removal of one cotyledon, on deficient nutrient solution under photoperiodicity of 9 h light: 15 h dark, index g is not affected if the dark period is replaced totally by a low-energy (3 W∙m−2) red light or partly by four periods of 20 min of red light during the dark period. In contrast, blue or far red light, under the same experimental conditions, caused g to tend towards 0 for all cultivars. This effect of the blue or far red light was antagonized by a following red light treatment, which suggests the interference of phytochrome. These observations were not observed with a Knop, ion-rich nutrient solution and at 18 W∙m−2, where g index remained close to +1. Key words: Linum usitatissimum, photomorphogenesis, bud, cotyledon, correlation.

EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS GROWTH HORMONE DURING THE FOLLICULAR PHASE ON hCG BINDING BY PORCINE LUTEAL TISSUE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 719-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
B. L. GUEDO ◽  
B. LAARVELD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Exogenous Growth ◽  
Luteal Tissue

From 14 d after puberty, 37 Yorkshire Landrace gilts received nine daily injections of porcine growth hormone (GH) or vehicle. Gilts were killed 10 d after the onset of their second estrus and their ovaries recovered. Treatment with GH resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in the hCG binding capacity of the corpora lutea (0.17 vs. 0.11 nmol L−1 mg−1 protein). These data provide a possible mechanism whereby GH may influence ovarian function. Key words: Gilts, hCG binding, growth hormone

REPEATABILITY OF OVULATION RATE, NUMBER OF LAMBS BORN AND OVA LOSS IN SHEEP WITH DIFFERENT OVULATION RATES

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. FAHMY
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
First Record ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Genetic Group ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Quadratic Relationship

Ovulation and lambing records of 214 ewes from nine genetic groups varying in ovulation rate (OR) from 1.8 to 3.2 corpora lutea (CL) and number of lambs born (LB) from 1.2 to 2.1 were analyzed to study the relation between OR, LB, ova loss (OL) and their repeatabilities. The nine genetic groups were DLS, Finnsheep (F) and seven crosses from these two breeds ranging from 1/8 to 7/8 Finnsheep breeding. Intrayear repeatability of OR averaged 0.59 for all genetic groups combined. It ranged from −0.20 for DLS to 0.93 for 5/8 F. Interyear repeatability averaged 0.38 and ranged from 0 for DLS to 0.54 for 3/8 F. OR showed a linear increase (b = 0.22 ± 0.02) with increase in Finnsheep breeding whereas repeatabilities showed a significant quadratic relationship. Repeatability of OR was more associated with variability than with mean OR. Repeatability of OR for ewes which had 1, 2, 3 or 4 CL at first record and averaged 2.3 ± 0.5,2.5 ± 0.7,3.4 ± 1.0 and 3.4 ± 1.3 CL at the following two records was, −0.09, 0.33, 0.42 and 0.42, respectively. Lambs born increased with the increase in Finnsheep breeding from 1.2 for DLS to 2.1 for Finnsheep. Ova loss averaged 35% and was fairly constant in the different genetic groups. Repeatabilities for LB and OL for each genetic group were generally small and mostly nonsignificantly different from zero. For the genetic groups combined the estimates were 0.15 and 0.14 for LB and OL, respectively. The correlation between OR and LB (0.25) was lower than that between OR and OL (0.58) and LB and EM (−0.62). Key words: Ovulation rate, litter size, ova loss, repeatability, Finnsheep crosses, DLS sheep

scholarly journals Zinc deficiency in female rabbits

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Shaw ◽  
H. C. Dickey ◽  
H. H. Brugman ◽  
D. L. Blamberg ◽  
J. F. Witter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Corpora Lutea

Zinc deficiency was induced in recently weaned female Tan rabbits by feeding a diet containing 0·2 p.p.m. of zinc and severely limiting their access to zinc from other sources in the environment. Reduced food consumption, weight loss, lowered haematocrit levels, frequent appearance of alopecia and dermatosis as well as reproductive failure were observed. Histologically, the uteri of the zinc-deficient rabbits were pale and inactive. The ovaries had Graafian follicles but lacked corpora lutea despite repeated attempts to mate the females.

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