BETWEEN ALBEE’S DOG AND GOAT: IMAGES OF ANIMAL COMPANIONSHIP

Modern times seem to have been inflicted with a puzzling sickness that pervades humans’ existence on every possible level. The modern sickness of loneliness and loss of connection assumes center stage position whether in social contexts or personal spaces. This modern ailment is clear within the modern American setting particularly; therefore, many dramatic pieces try to dramatize its manifestations and consequences. The present paper attempts to explore the manifestations of this sickness in the representations of animal companionship. Such representations populate many modern American plays from the beginning of the twentieth century and moving on to the millennium. The paper suggests that images and representations of animal companionship are only expressions of modern individuals’ isolation and loss of connection. The paper examines two plays by Edward Albee, The Zoo Story (1959) and The Goat or Who’s Sylvia? (2000), that represent a new kind of companionship that may or may not sustain the struggle of their modern protagonists to establish some kind of connection with the world around them. Key words: Animal Companionship, Human-Animal Studies, Loneliness

USO DE ANIMAIS COMO ALTERNATIVA NO TRATAMENTO PALIATIVO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

A terapia assistida por animais (TAA) é a modalidade terapêutica onde o animal é a parte principal do tratamento, com supervisão profissional, objetivando promover a melhora social, emocional, física e/oucognitiva de pacientes humanos. Este artigo visa identificar, através de uma revisão de literatura, os benefícios da utilização da TAA na saúde humana, assim como as espécies usadas nas modalidades de terapia. Os resultados apontaram a possibilidade de implantação da TAA em configurações diversas como hospitais, casas de repouso, clínicas ou escolas e demonstraram o potencial benéfico dessa intervenção para a reabilitação física, mental e emocional.Palavras-Chave: Terapia assistida por animais; Paliativo; Zooterapia. ABSTRACTAnimal-assisted therapy (TAA) is the therapeutic modality where the animal is the main part of the treatment, with professional supervision, aiming to promote the social, emotional, physical and / or cognitive improvement of human patients. This article aims to identify, through a literature review, the benefits of using TAA on human health, as well as the species used in the modalities of therapy. The results pointed out the possibility of implementing TAA in different configurations such as hospitals, nursing homes, clinics or schools and demonstrated the beneficial potential of this intervention for physical, mental and emotional rehabilitation. Key words: Animal-assisted therapy; Palliative; Zootherapy.

New methods of mold control in animal specimens

Mold spores and hyphae infection is a serious problem and can lead to damage or loss of natural history specimens. Animal specimens play an important role in cultural exchange, science popularization, scientific research and economic window, but the preparation and preservation technology system of biological specimens is relatively unsafe and inefficient. Infection by Mold spores and hyphae is not only an acute problem that may cause damage or loss of specimens，but alsois very harmful to human beings health and polluted to environment, It is one of the principal element that restricts the development of the natural history museums. In this paper, identified the mold species of animal specimens by PCR with ITS primers, bio-microscopic observation, sequencing and phylogenetic tree analysis. The results showed the mold of animal specimens mainly belong to Aspergillus and Neurospora. than screened environmental friendly fungicides, the results show that both chitosan and nano silver can effectively inhibit the Aspergillus and Neurospora of animal specimens , the study provides a theoretical basis for the study of the new specimen fungicides and the environmental safety of the natural history museum Key words: Animal specimens, mold identification, phylogenetic tree analysis, Mold fungicides, chitosan; nano-silver

Car Accident Due to Horse Crossing the Motorway: Two Case Reports

Basic Commercial Court in Ankara wanted a report from our department of forensic medicine about two injury cases due to animal vehicle collision. The reports should include the disability rate and the duration of unfunctionality. After the examination we prepared the reports. Both vehicle collisions happened due to free ranging horse crossing the motorway. Both cases had different types of injury due to trauma. Vehicle collision due to horse crossing the motorway is rarely met in Turkey. Our first case is a man that had upper extremity and facial injury. He uses prothesis due to ear amputation. He has a scar tissue on the right side of his face and left forearm. The other case is three-years-old boy that had cranial bone fracture and cranial hematoma. He has also hemiparesis of the right side of body. Both cases have neurologic sequels but they have no psychiatric sequels. In literature, animal vehicle collisions involve lots of animal species such as kangaroo, deer, camel and moose. Animal vehicle collision involving the horses is rarely met. Forensic medicine specialists should state the causal link between traumatic events and disabilities in order to help justice. Our aim to present the current two cases is investigation of injuries of animal related collision and makes forensic medicine specialists pay attention to the subject of preparing reports about such cases. Key words: Animal vehicle collision; death; disability; horse; injury; motorway.

LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' KNOWLEDGE OF AND MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT ANIMAL MIGRATION: PRELIMINARY RESULTS

The animal migration is one of the natural processes and is important not only for animals but also for people. Although this process is inseparable part of the nature, its incorporation into curriculum is on low level, not only in Czech Republic, but also in many other countries. The aim of the research was to identify lower secondary school students' knowledge of and misconceptions about animal migration and to identify if gender, grade and residence of respondents have an influence on it. The sample size was created by 184 Czech lower secondary school students. The researcher himself created the research tool. It was a test and consisted of 18 questions. The test questions were also analyzed by the proportional determination and also by the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics. The knowledge of migration was very low among lower secondary school students. The grade level had the strongest influence on the knowledge from the examined variables. In the conclusion part implications for pedagogical practice are suggested and also suggestions for the further research in this field of study. Key words: animal migration, knowledge of migration, lower secondary school students, misconceptions about migration.

POSSIBILITIES OF ANIMAL WASTE INCINERATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

The subject of this paper is environmental issue of waste that originates on farms and slaughterhouses. The problem of farms and slaugterhouse waste is obviously great, and it is evident that the B&H does not pay much attention to it. It was proved that the incineration is one of the most efficient ways to eliminate dead animal and other solid waste in modern poultry production. Gaseous or liquid fuel is used in the process of incineration as an energy generating product. The main advantage of the suggested concept is the proposal to use waste as a primary energy source for incineration. Key words: animal waste, incineration

EKSPLORASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI GULMA, HIJAUAN PAKAN DAN LIMBAH PERTANIAN YANG DIMANFAATKAN SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK DI WILAYAH LAHAN KERING LOMBOK UTARA

<p>Difficulties on weeds control and fodder scarcity in dry season are the major problems at dry land. Aim of this research was to identify and to explore the potency of several kinds of weeds, forages, and agricultural wastes that can be used as fodder, and further might be processed to make hay and silage. Explorative research to identify, observe, and collect data has been done using descriptive method of dominant weeds, forages, and agricultural waste that frequently used as fodder by farmers. The farmer’s decision to use weeds, forages, and agricultural wastes were determined by preference level of cattles and farmers empirical experiences. Result showed that dominant weeds found were broad leafed weeds with domination level 34.62-81.45% and narrow leafed weeds (grasses and teki) with domination level 28.65-65.38%. Broad leafed weeds that generally used as fodder were Cintella asiatica, Amaranthus spp., Mikania sp., Cyclosorous aridus, Gleichenia linearis, Physalis angulata, Portulaca oleracea, Mucaena pruriens, and Desmodium scalpe. Grasses weeds and teki were potential fodder with preference level of cattle from very much like to extremely like. Forage and agricultural waste that be potential as fodder were gamal leaf, sengon leaf, banana leaf and stem and coconut, agricultural waste of peanuts, corn, and sweet potato.</p><p>(Key words: Animal feed, Agricultural wastes, Dry land, Fodder, Forage, Identification and exploration, Weeds)</p>

THE IMPACT OF THE ANIMALS ON CHILDREN'S LEARNING AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT - A STUDY OF WHAT CHILDREN LEARN FROM AND WITH PETS: THE EXAMPLE OF DOG AND CAT

The purpose of this study is to produce knowledge about the impact of pets on preschool children's desire to learn and their development. The research question asked is: What do children learn from and with pets: The example of dog and cat? Socio-cultural theories and developmental pedagogy are used in order to study children’s learning in the preschool. The socio-cultural theories are based on a model describing interactions between people presented by Vygotskij (1978) and further developed by Säljö (2011). This study employed a qualitative exploratory research method with the aim of gaining knowledge concerning a group of 24 children, aged 4-5 years. Individual interviews were used as the method of data collection. The results are presented as two main categories: 1) The pet supports the child in their learning and development process 2) The child is the teacher of the pet. Each main category comprised two subcategories: 1a) Developing empathy and emotions, 1b) Being good at school-related tasks, 2a) Teaching the pet playful exercises, 2b) Teaching the pet to obey. The results show that pets provide children with positive experiences and a sense of feeling good. The children said that they could talk to all the animals and that the animals are listening. When a child is doing activities with an animal or tries to teach an animal some exercises, the child receives a response from the animal. This leads on to new experiences and an increased knowledge regarding social behavior. Using pets for educational purposes in the home, preschool and school, might stimulate an interest in animal care and a commitment to the world´s wildlife and fauna in general. Key words: animal, children, development, preschool learning.

CONSTRUCTION AND PARTIAL VALIDATION OF AN ANIMAL USE INVENTORY

A 78-item Animal Use Inventory was constructed. Previous animal attitude scales have centered on affection, bonding, companion animal ownership, animal-human continuity, and general attitudes toward animals, but not use of animals. The present inventory has six scales: Sports and Entertainment, Hunting, Working and Service, Research, Fur, and Loving and Affection. Men scored higher on the Hunting, Research, Entertainment, and Service scales. National Rifle Association members scored higher than animal protection society members on the Hunting and Fur scales. In general, the scales correlated positively with each other but negatively with the Loving and Affection scale. Nevertheless, caution was urged because of the unimpressive Cronbach’s alphas on some of the scales. Further development is recommended. Key words: animal use, ethnicity, gender, scales, hunting, companionship, work, food.

Effect of feed texture, meal frequency and pre-slaughter fasting on behaviour, stomach content and carcass microbial quality in pigs

In this study, behaviour in lairage, weight and composition of stomach contents and carcass microbial contamination were studied in 96 barrows assigned to the following treatments: feed texture (FT; mash vs. pellets), meal frequency (MF; 2 vs. five meals per day) and fasting time (WT; 4, 14 and 24 h) according to a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design. Pigs fed two meals had heavier stomach weights at slaughter than those fed five times per day (P = 0.01). An interaction was found between WT and FT (P = 0.002) for stomach weight. With respect to the contamination of the mouth, total aerobic mesophilic counts were higher than 104 cfu cm-2 but not significantly different between treatments. Coprophagy behaviour in lairage was not correlated with mouth contamination at slaughter. The treatment resulting in the lowest Escherichia coli counts on the thoracic area was feeding the pigs pellets five times per day followed by a 24-h fast. In contrast, the highest E. coli counts were observed in pigs fed mash five times per day followed by a 4-h fast. Comparison a posteriori of these two extreme scenarios yielded a P value of 0.03. Key words: Animal behaviour, carcass hygiene, fasting, feeding, pigs, stomach