COMPARISON OF WILTED-ALFALFA SILAGE AND ALFALFA HAY PRESERVED WITH PROPIONIC ACID IN CORN-SILAGE-BASED DIETS FOR MILKING COWS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL ◽  
J. D. ERFLE
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Fiber Diet ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

Thirty cows (9 uniparous and 21 multiparous) were fed three diets during weeks 5–16 of lactation. The dietary ingredients were adjusted weekly to reflect their oven dry matter (DM). The control diet was a low-fiber diet containing urea-treated corn silage (UCS), well-dried alfalfa hay and buffered concentrate (525:125:350 DM basis). The two test diets contained corn silage and either wilted-alfalfa silage (WAS) or alfalfa hay treated with propionic acid (PAH) and concentrate (300:300:400 DM basis). For the three blended diets, acid detergent fiber (169, 195 and 212 g kg−1 DM) and digestible energy (12.73, 12.50 and 12.25 MJ kg−1 DM) were different (P < 0.05). The crude protein content of the WAS diet was higher (P < 0.05) than that of the PAH diet (164 vs. 154 g kg−1 DM). Average DM intakes (21.8, 22.5 and 21.2 kg d−1) and solids-corrected milk yields (26.9, 27.9 and 26.6 kg d−1) were similar for the three treatments. Also there was no treatment effect (P > 0.05) on milk composition and acetate/propionate ratios of rumen fluid. Thus WAS and PAH diets supported similar production and equalled the low fiber control diet. Key words: Lactation, urea, corn silage, alfalfa, wilted silage, propionic acid treatment.

scholarly journals Glycerol inclusion levels in corn and sunflower silages

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana de Souza Martins ◽  
Juliane Ribeiro de Oliveira ◽  
Marili Lopes Lederer ◽  
José Luís Moletta ◽  
Shivelly Los Galetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Four Levels

Due to the seasonal cycle of forage, the use of silage to feed animals provides nutrients throughout the year. However, its quality can be improved with the inclusion of additives and other products. Glycerol is a rich source of energy and present a high efficiency of utilization by animals. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effect of glycerol inclusion on the chemical and fermentation characteristics of corn and sunflower silages. Two silage sources (maize and sunflower) were used and four levels of glycerol inclusion (0, 15, 30 and 45%) based on dry matter were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement with five replications. The pH values and chemical composition of corn and sunflower silages were determined. In both silages there was increment of dry matter, non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients (TDN) added to a reduction of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber due to the glycerol inclusion. The corn silage required 45% glycerol to achieve the TDN level of the sunflower silage. The glycerol addition contributed to the increase in the nutritional value, offsetting loss of quality in the ensiling process.

ALFALFA SUPPLEMENTATION OF CORNCOB DIETS FOR SHEEP: COMPARISON WITH HIGHER VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS, SOYBEAN PROTEIN AND ALFALFA FIBER ON INTAKE, ENVIRONMENT AND DIGESTION IN THE RUMEN AND DIGESTA PASSAGE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1083-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. NDLOVU ◽  
J. G. BUCHANAN-SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Protein Preparation ◽  
Alfalfa Hay

Nine lambs fitted with rumen cannulae were used in two 5 × 5 Latin squares to measure the effect of alfalfa hay, C4- and C5-branched- and straight-chain volatile fatty acids (C4/C5 VFAs), cell wall from alfalfa hay (ALFCW) and a soybean protein preparation on intake and rumen digestion of a basal corncob diet with urea included at 30 g kg−1. Relative to the control, alfalfa hay decreased (P < 0.05) intake of the basal diet but increased (P < 0.05) total dry matter intake. ALFCW and soybean protein did not affect intake of the basal diet and total dry matter (P > 0.05). C4/C5 VFAs increased intake of basal diet by sheep in one square (P < 0.05) but had no effect (P > 0.05) on intake with sheep in the other square. Alfalfa hay, ALFCW and soybean protein increased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentration in rumen fluid while only alfalfa hay and C4/C5 VFAs consistently increased isobutyrate, isovalerate and valerate levels in rumen fluid (P < 0.05). In comparison with the control diet, soybean protein elevated (P < 0.05) mean rumen ammonia-N levels whereas C4/C5 VFAs depressed them; however, values exceeded 17 mg dL−1 rumen fluid on all treatments. Most measures of digestion kinetics of fiber from corncobs were unaffected by supplementation (P > 0.05). Alfalfa hay and ALFCW increased (P < 0.05) rate of passage of digesta from the reticulo-rumen. It was concluded that alfalfa hay has a reduced role in improving intake of corncob diets when there is also sufficient NPN in the diet. Key words: Roughage (poor quality), volatile fatty acids, rumen ammonia levels, chromium-mordanted cell walls

scholarly journals Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Milk Composition of Dairy Ewes Supplemented with Crushed Sunflower Seeds and Sunflower Seed Silage in Corn Silage-Based Diets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2354
Author(s):  
Eduardo Cardoso-Gutiérrez ◽  
Alondra Cristel Narváez-López ◽  
Lizbeth E. Robles-Jiménez ◽  
Andrés Morales Osorio ◽  
María de Guadalupe Gutierrez-Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Sorghum Grain

This study determined production performance, nutrient digestibility, and milk composition of dairy ewes supplemented with crushed sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus) and sunflower seed silage in corn silage-based diets. Six ewes were grouped in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design with three periods of 21 days. All treatments were based on ad libitum corn silage. Control diet was based on alfalfa hay (333 g/kg DM), sorghum grain (253 g/kg DM), triticale grain (200 g/kg DM), soybean meal (167 g /kg DM), and vitamin and mineral premix (47 g/kg DM). Sunflower seeds (SF) and sunflower seed silage (SFS) treatments consisted of alfalfa hay (333 g/kg DM), sorghum grain (267 g/kg DM), triticale grain (100 g/kg DM), soybean meal (167 g /kg DM), SF or SFS (87 g/kg DM) and vitamin and mineral premix (47 g/kg DM). Compared to control, SF and SFS increased intake and digestibility of fiber components, such as neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Body weight, nitrogen balance, milk yield, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, lactose yield and milk urea N were similar between treatments. Overall, results demonstrated that crushed sunflower seeds and ensiled seeds do not change significantly productive parameters of dairy sheep.

scholarly journals RUMEN METABOLISM AND FEEDLOT RESPONSES BY STEERS FED TYLOSIN AND MONENSIN

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. HORTON ◽  
H. H. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Alfalfa Meal

Ninety-six Hereford steers with an average weight of 336 kg were fed tylosin (Tylan, Elanco Division, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, In., U.S.A.) (11 mg/kg of diet), monensin (Rumensin, Elanco Division, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, In., U.S.A.) (33 mg/kg of diet), tylosin plus monensin or a nonmedicated control diet for 105 days. The diets contained 60% barley, 36% alfalfa meal, 2% tallow, 1% Co + I salt and 1% vitamin premix. Organic matter and crude protein digestibilities tended to be higher (P < 0.10) in steers fed monensin. Both tylosin and monensin increased (P < 0.05) acid detergent fiber digestibility. Tylosin did not affect molar proportions of ruminal VFA or ammonia. Monensin increased (P < 0.05) propionic acid and reduced (P < 0.05) acetic and butyric acids. There were no treatment effects on ruminal dehydrogenase activity or plasma urea nitrogen. Ruminal free amino acids were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in steers fed tylosin, both alone and with monensin. There were no significant treatment effects on feedlot performance or carcass measurements and there was no evidence of a complementary interaction of tylosin and monensin. The incidence of liver abscesses was reduced (P < 0.05) by tylosin. Steers with normal livers gained 5% faster (P > 0.05) than steers with abscessed livers.

scholarly journals RUMEN FERMENTATION AND DIGESTIBILITY IN STEERS AS INFLUENCED BY LEVEL OF INTAKE AND MONENSIN

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-860
Author(s):  
G. M. J. HORTON ◽  
M. J. FARMER ◽  
K. A. BASSENDOWSKI ◽  
G. M. STEACY
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Four Levels

The effects of level of feed intake and monensin on rumen fermentation and digestibility in steers were evaluated. The four levels of feed intake were 30, 50, 70 and 90 g of dry matter per kilogram body weight raised to the 0.75 power (g/kg0.75). Monensin was included at 0 and 33 mg/kg diet. The diet contained 60% rolled barley and 36.5% alfalfa pellets. Organic matter digestibility decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of intake when the control diet was fed but was not affected by intake when monensin was included in the feed. Crude protein digestibility was consistently higher (P < 0.05) in monensin than control-fed steers at all four intake levels and decreased with increasing feed consumption in steers fed both control and monensin diets. Rumen fluid pH and ammonia and plasma urea nitrogen were not affected by monensin, and decreased (P < 0.05) as feed intake increased. Both higher feed intake and monensin caused an increase in the molar proportion of ruminal propionic acid and a decrease in the proportion of acetic acid. Key words: Intake monensin, digestibility, PUN, VFA, cattle

DIGESTION OF CORN AND ALFALFA SILAGES IN THE STOMACH AND SMALL INTESTINE OF SHEEP PREPARED WITH TWO RE-ENTRANT CANNULAS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
M. IVAN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

Four wethers, each fitted with a re-entrant cannula in the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum, were used to study digestion of corn and alfalfa silages. The four silages fed were (1) corn silage (2) corn silage with 0.6% urea (fresh weight basis) added at the time of ensiling (3) direct-cut alfalfa silage treated with formic acid (5 g/kg fresh alfalfa) and (4) wilted alfalfa silage. Urea additions to corn silage increased crude protein from 8.1 to 13.2% which resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in microbial yield from 1.99 to 3.23 g N/100 g organic matter (OM) apparently digested in the stomach. The apparent digestion of OM in the stomach was lower (P < 0.05) with formic-acid-treated alfalfa silage (48.6%) compared to the wilted alfalfa silage (56.1%), but this difference had disappeared at the ileum. The preservation of alfalfa silage with formic acid compared to wilting resulted in a greater (P < 0.05) flow from the stomach and digestion within the small intestine of non-ammonia nitrogen. This effect of formic acid on non-ammonia dynamics was unrelated to microbial yield.

scholarly journals Influence of intraruminal infusion of propionic acid and forage to concentrate levels on intake, digestibility and rumen characteristics in young bulls

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinaldo Divino Ribeiro ◽  
José Carlos Pereira ◽  
Augusto César de Queiroz ◽  
Vitor Pereira Bettero ◽  
Hilário Cuquetto Mantovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reconstituted Milk

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intraruminal infusion of propionic acid (RPA) associated to two (80:20 and 60:40) forage:concentrate ratios (FCR), for young bulls. Four Holstein × Zebu crossbred young bulls with average age of 7 months and 160 kg of body weight (BW) were distributed to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. A total mixed ration, isonitrogenous diets, was ad libitum fed to animals. The propionic acid was obtained by fermentation of reconstituted milk whey by the consortium of bacteria Enterococcus sp. and Veillonella sp.. Daily and along with the supply of solid feeds, 2 L of the compound containing propionic acid were intrainfused in the rumen. There was no RPA × FCR interaction for the intake of nutrients, except for total digestible nutrients (TDN). The organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and TDN intakes were influenced by the FCR. There was no RPA × FCR interaction on the total digestibility of DM, OM, CP, EE, NDF and TC. However, the digestibility of DM, OM, EE and CT were influenced by the FCR. There was no RPA × FCR interaction for the mean N-NH3 concentration and pH of the rumen fluid; however, RPA provided effect on the pH measured 4 hours after meal. There was no interaction or effect of the main factors on volatile fatty acids concentrations in the rumen fluid, or on glucose levels and serum urea nitrogen.

FLOW AND SOLUBLE PROPORTIONS OF ZINC, MANGANESE, COPPER AND IRON IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP FED CORN OR ALFALFA SILAGES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. IVAN ◽  
D. M. VEIRA ◽  
M. IHNAT
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

A set of four sheep, each fitted with a rumen cannula and a re-entrant cannula in the ascending duodenum and terminal ileum, were used for collection of rumen, duodenal and ileal digesta. A second set of four normal sheep was used for collection of feces and urine. The sheep were fed corn silage, urea-added corn silage, formic acid-treated alfalfa silage or wilted alfalfa silage in latin square design. Soluble proportions of manganese in rumen fluid, ileal digesta and feces were much lower on alfalfa silages than on corn silages although the soluble proportions in the duodenal digesta were not different. The soluble proportions of zinc, copper and iron were not as consistent as those of manganese. The apparent absorption of zinc was negative on alfalfa silages, and was associated with the lower soluble proportion of zinc in duodenal digesta and higher in the ileal digesta, as compared to corn silages. The apparent absorption of iron was much higher on corn silages than on alfalfa silages. Addition of urea to corn at ensiling resulted in an improvement of apparent absorption of copper. Key words: Trace elements, solubility, absorption, corn silage, alfalfa silage, sheep

NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LACTATING COWS FED UREA-TREATED CORN SILAGE OR GRASS SILAGE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-337
Author(s):  
D. E. WALDERN
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows

Nitrogen utilization was studied when eight lactating cows were offered ad libitum urea-treated corn silage (15.3% crude protein) or grass silage (14.5% crude protein), plus a grain ration at 1 kg grain to 3.5 kg of 4% fat-corrected milk, in a digestion and nitrogen (N) balance trial. Analyses of the forages indicated greater acid detergent fiber content for the grass than for the corn silage: 46.8 and 35.1% on a dry matter basis, respectively. Digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein, true protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and N balance were significantly greater (P < 0.05) for cows fed urea–corn silage than for those fed grass silage. The nitrogen of urea–corn silage was used more efficiently for milk and tissue protein synthesis. Decreased nitrogen utilization for cows fed grass silage was associated with lower energy and higher acid detergent fiber content for grass silage than for urea–corn silage.

COMPARISON OF WILTED SILAGES OF ALFALFA CUT AT TWO STAGES OF MATURITY WITH FORMIC-ACID-TREATED SILAGE FROM EARLY-CUT ALFALFA

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. ATWAL
Keyword(s):  
Formic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Alfalfa Silage ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Two Stages

First cut alfalfa was harvested at early bloom and stored as early-cut formic-acid-treated silage (EFS) and early-cut wilted silage (EWS). Late-cut wilted alfalfa silage (LWS) was harvested 15 days later. Dry matter (DM) yields were 2.91, 2.82 and 3.12 tonnes/ha, respectively, for EFS, EWS and LWS. In the same order, for feeding in spring of the subsequent year, recoveries from storage were 79.8, 85.6 and 86.0% of DM; 84.1, 92.3 and 88.1 of energy; and 77.6, 91.5 and 92.2% of crude protein (CP). Ad libitum DM intakes were not significantly different (102.6, 99.7 and [Formula: see text] for the three treatments, respectively). Late-cut forages (both fresh and wilted) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in fiber fractions (lignin and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen) than the early-cut forages. Similar trends persisted among the silages at feeding time after 9 mo of storage. Differences in the chemical composition and digestibilities of nutrients for EFS and EWS were small and statistically not significant (P > 0.05). When fed at maintenance level, the digestibility values for DM, energy and cellulose were significantly (P < 0.05) higher for EWS than for LWS but not for EFS. However, when fed ad libitum in combination with corn silage (1:1 DM basis), there were no significant effects of either harvesting date or wilting vs. formic acid treatments on the digestibility of nutrients. Key words: Alfalfa, silages, digestibility, formic acid, maturity stage, wilted silage

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