EFFICIENCY OF FEED UTILIZATION BY THREE-BREED CROSS STEERS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Maternal Grandsire

Feed efficiencies, defined as feed-to-gain or weight ratios, were computed on 1046 steers reared between 1973 and 1978 at the Brandon Research Station. The progeny were out of 10 specific F1 crosses of dams mated to Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L), and Chianina (Chi) bulls with none of the F1 dams being backcrossed. Dam crosses included the Hereford × Angus (HA) and crosses sired by C, S, and L bulls out of Hereford (H), Angus (A), and Shorthorn (N) dams. Feed-to-gain ratios were calculated on a live animal postweaning basis (for both a 140-d test and total liveweight gain from on-test to slaughter) and a carcass basis (hot carcass weight and rough or untrimmed lean, fat, and bone weights of combined cuts). The combined cuts were the rib, long loin (comprising the short loin and the sirloin butt), and round. In the live animal traits, the progeny from the 10 F1 dam crosses did not differ, but on a carcass basis, the progeny from the "exotic" crosses had better feed-to-gain ratios than the HA cross. Differences among the progeny of the "exotic" crosses included: C crosses < L crosses, "exotic" × A and "exotic" × N < "exotic" × H for hot carcass weight; "exotic" × N < "exotic" × H for rough weight of the combined cuts; S crosses < L crosses and "exotic" × N < "exotic" × A for fat and bone weights of the combined cuts; and "exotic" × N < "exotic" × H for fat weight of the combined cuts. There were no significant breed of dam's sire (maternal grandsire) × breed of dam's dam (maternal grand-dam) effects. Differences in breed of dam's sire were C < S for 140-d test, C < L for total liveweight gain, and S < L for bone weight of the combined cuts. Breed of dam's dam differences were N < (A = H) for fat weight of the combined cuts. Breed of terminal sire effects revealed that the progeny from the S and C breeds were similar for all measures of feed efficiency and the L and C breeds were only similar for feed efficiencies expressed on a carcass basis. Progeny from the Chi breed were comparable to the progeny from the C breed but not to the progeny from the S and L breeds in these traits. Key words: Beef cattle, breed crosses, steers, feed efficiency

Alternative turnoff strategies for Kimberley beef cattle. 1. Live animal performance and carcass characteristics.

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Ryan ◽  
D Pratchett ◽  
BL McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The North

In June 1980, 190 Kimberley Shorthorn steers from five properties in the Kimberley were divided into three age categories. Half were sent to Chapman Research Station (CRS) in the agricultural area of Western Australia and the remainder stayed at Ord Regeneration Research Station (ORRS) in the Kimberley. Animals in both locations grazed for either one or two pasture growing seasons and a third group was fed a concentrate ration based on grain after the first growing season. Cattle lost between 20-30 kg in handling and transport south which, together with the reduced initial grazing season, led to gains of only 50 kg while those in the north gained around 100 kg. In the second grazing season at both locations animals gained around 140 kg. Animals at ORRS laid down more fat than those at CRS. Animals fed on concentrate rations in the agricultural area grew significantly faster, but had poorer food conversion and were leaner compared with those fed in the Kimberley.

scholarly journals Growth, Efficiency of Feed Utilization and Economics of Different Rearing Periods of Turkeys Mukesh Karki

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
Mukesh Karki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Research Journal

The present study on body weight and feed efficiency for growth was carried out on 112 turkeypoults from day of hatch to 28 weeks of age during May to November 2002 at Poultry ResearchUnit of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS)-Parwanipur. Layer starter rationsupplemented with 6% fish meal + 0.3% lysine + 0.125% methonine was fed up to 8 weeks ofage, then after layer finisher diet was fed. The body weight, feed consumption was observed at 4weekly interval and feed efficiency and economics of rearing period in terms of income overfeed and poults cost was calculated. Significant increase in body weight was recorded up to 28weeks in male and 20 weeks in female. Male turkey had significantly higher body weight thanthat of female in all ages. Feed efficiency is best at earlier age but up to 16 weeks it is 3.77 formale after that it detoriates progressively. Male turkey exhibited better feed efficiency than thatof female for all weeks. Significantly higher return per bird was obtained from male than that offemale in all age. The profit per bird for both male and female was found maximum in 16 weeksof rearing, followed by 20 weeks and 24 weeks. Therefore, instead of waiting for highest bodyweight, it is better to sell turkey at 16 to 20 weeks of age to take maximum advantage of higherweight gain, higher efficiency of feed utilization and higher profit.Key words: Economics; feed utilization; growth; rearing period; turkeyDOI: 10.3126/narj.v6i0.3369Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.6 2005 pp.84-88

ECONOMIC VALUE OF FEEDER CALVES BETWEEN BREED CROSSES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1050
Author(s):  
ELWIN G. SMITH ◽  
GUNTHER W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Lean Weight

Data on growth and feed conversion efficiency for different breed cross steer calves were analyzed to determine whether there were differences between breed crosses in their economic value as feeder calves. An economic model was used to calculate the value of the steer calves. An analysis of covariance was used to determine whether the value of feeder calves differed between breed crosses for calves of equal weight. Calves were produced by mating Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L), and Chianina (Chi) terminal sires to 10 different types of first-cross dams. Nine of the first-cross dam crosses were produced by mating C, S, and L to Hereford (H), Angus (A), and Shorthorn (N) dams and the tenth cross was Hereford-Angus (HA). The cows were maintained and the calves raised and fed to slaughter at Brandon, Manitoba. Three methods of pricing the finished steers (liveweight, hot carcass weight, and weight of the lean tissue) were used to calculate feeder calf value. There were significant differences (P < 0.01) between breeds of the terminal sires and between breed crosses of dams for all three pricing methods. For feeder calf values, the terminal sire progeny breeds ranked Chi ≥ C ≥ S > L for liveweight pricing, Chi > C > S = L for hot carcass weight pricing, and Chi > C ≥ L ≥ S for lean weight pricing. Ranking of the progeny by dam cross indicated CN = LN ≥ CH = SN ≥ CA = LA ≥ SH = SA = LH ≥ HA for liveweight pricing, LN ≥ CN = SN ≥ CH ≥ CA = LA ≥ SH = SA ≥ LH ≥ HA for hot carcass weight pricing, and LN = CN ≥ CH = CA = LA = SN ≥ SH = SA = LH > HA for lean weight pricing. The primary determinants of the differences in feeder calf value between breed crosses were differences in carcass yield and grade, rate of gain on feed, and feed efficiency. Key words: Economic, breed cross, feeder steer, feeder value, lean yield

BREED OF TERMINAL SIRE EFFECTS ON CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE-WAY CROSS BEEF CATTLE REARED AT TWO LOCATIONS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Sire Breed ◽  
Carcass Cuts

Carcass characteristics of 3673 steers and heifers born over a 6-yr period (1973–1978) at Brandon, Manitoba (farm conditions) and Manyberries, Alberta (range conditions) were compared. Calves weaned at Manyberries were fed and evaluated at Lacombe. The progeny produced were out of 10 specific F1 crosses of dams mated to bulls of the Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L) and Chianina (Chi) breeds. Dam crosses included the Hereford × Angus (HA) and crosses sired by C, S and L sires out of H, A and Shorthorn (N) dams. Terminal sire breed differences in the paired comparisons involving progeny of the Chi (the comparisons with maximum degrees of freedom) indicated that their carcass weight per day of age averaged 1.1% greater than C, 3.6% greater than S and 6.4% greater than L at both locations [Formula: see text]. Simmental progeny had significantly heavier (P = 0.0001) hide weights as a percentage of liveweight and significantly lower (P = 0.0001) dressing percentages than the progeny from C, L and Chi sires. Limousin and Chi-sired progeny had the lowest percentage of hide weight and the highest dressing percentage. Limousin progeny averaged 5.2% greater rib eye area/wt (cm2/kg) than Chi progeny P = 0.0001). Chianina progeny had the lowest proportions (percent of hot carcass weight) of long loin, rib, brisket and flank and the highest proportions of round and the combined trait of rib, round and long loin (P < 0.05). Chianina progeny had the highest percentage of lean in the rib, chuck and long loin while L-sired progeny had the highest percentage lean in the round. Chianina progeny had the highest and L progeny the lowest percentage bone in the rib, chuck, round and long loin. Limousin progeny had the highest lean:bone ratios but least percent lean per day of age at the long loin and round. At both locations significant terminal sire breed by year interactions were observed for all traits. The interactions of breed of dam by year, by sex, and by breed of sire and the interaction of year by sex were nonsignificant. Key words: Cattle, breeds, carcass, cuts, composition

scholarly journals Assessment of haplotype variation in bovine <i>AMPD1</i> gene for association with growth and carcass traits in Qinchuan beef cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
H. He ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
Y. Gu ◽  
Y. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Bovine Genome ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Haplotype Variation ◽  
Ampd1 Gene ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Purine Nucleotide Cycle

Abstract. The AMPD1 gene plays an important role in the purine nucleotide cycle and energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. In the present study polymorphisms of the AMPD1 gene were detected by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing of 215 individuals of the Qinchuan beef cattle breed. DNA sequencing revealed two mutations by comparisons with the bovine genome sequence (acc. no.: NC_007301). Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; g.19416T>C and g.19421A>G) were detected in intron 11 of the bovine AMPD1 gene. The sequencing of PCR products of animals providing different PCR-SSCP banding patterns showed that four kinds of haplotypes, named: A (T-A), B (T-G), C (C-A) and D (C-G); and the five diplotypes were segregating: AA (T-A/T-A), BC (T-G/C-A or C-G/T-A ), AC (T-A/C-A), CC (C-A/C-A) and CD (C-A/ C-G). A significant association of AMPD1 with carcass weight was shown. Animals with the new heterozygote diplotype BC (P<0.05, n=56) had greater carcass weight than those with the other diplotypes. The SNPs in AMPD1 may be used as a possible candidates for markerassisted selection in Qinchuan beef cattle breeding program.

scholarly journals Effects of evening feeding and extended photoperiod on growth, feed efficiency, live animal carcass traits and plasma prolactin of beef heifers housed outdoors during two Manitoba winters

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Kennedy ◽  
R. D. Bergen ◽  
T. J. Lawson ◽  
J. A. Small ◽  
D. M. Veira
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Time Of Feeding

The effects of evening feeding and extended photoperiod on feedlot performance, live animal carcass traits and plasma prolactin were investigated in crossbred beef heifers in two consecutive Manitoba winters (1998–1999; exp. 1 and 1999–2000; exp. 2) using a 2 × 2 factorial design. Heifers were fed in the morning (1000 exp. 1 and 0900 exp. 2) or evening (2000) and exposed to natural winter photoperiod (NP) of <15 h or extended winter photoperiod (EP) of 16–19 h (65 lux exp. 1, 51 lux exp. 2) in outdoor partially covered pens. Heifers (n = 48; 276.9 ± 19.4 kg, mean ± SD) in exp. 1 were given a 60% forage: 40% concentrate backgrounding ration for 56 d followed by a 25% forage: 75% concentrate finishing ration for 70 d. In exp. 2, heifers (n = 48; 228.8 ± 18.8kg) were given the backgrounding ration for 170 d. Mean ambient temperature during the backgrounding and finishing periods in exp. 1 was -13.7 and 0.5°C, respectively. During the backgrounding period of exp. 1, evening feeding increased (P = 0.05) growth rate 10.1%, and tended (P = 0.08) to improve feed efficiency by 9.0%; EP tended (P = 0.08) to improve feed efficiency by 9.0%. During the finishing period there was a time of feeding × photoperiod interaction (P = 0.02) for feed efficiency with a tendency for most efficient gains in the morning-fed NP heifers. There were no main or interaction effects of time of feeding and photoperiod on ultrasonically measured subcutaneous fat depth or longissimus dorsi muscle area in exp. 1. Plasma prolactin was elevated by EP on day 42 (photoperiod × day; P < 0.01) of exp. 1. Mean ambient temperature during exp. 2 was -5.1°C, and there were no main or interaction effects of time of feeding or photoperiod on weight gain, dry matter intake or feed efficiency. However, subcutaneous fat depth was reduced by EP on day 156 (photoperiod × day; P < 0.01). Plasma prolactin did not change during the first 107 d of exp. 2, but subsequently rose in all but the morning-fed EP treatment group. The results indicate that both evening feeding and extended photoperiod can impact growth and feed efficiency of beef cattle during winter-feeding. Key words: Feedlot heifers, beef cattle, evening feeding, extended photoperiod, light, prolactin

scholarly journals Feed and production efficiency of young crossbred beef cattle stratified on a terminal total merit index1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
David N Kelly ◽  
Stephen B Conroy ◽  
Craig P Murphy ◽  
Roy D Sleator ◽  
Donagh P Berry
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Validation Population ◽  
Carcass Conformation

Abstract Few studies have attempted to quantify the association between a terminal total merit index with phenotypic feed and production efficiency in beef cattle, particularly when feed efficiency is itself explicitly absent as a goal trait in the index. The objective of the present study was to quantify the differences in phenotypic performance for feed intake, feed efficiency, and carcass traits of crossbred bulls, steers, and heifers differing in a terminal total merit index. A validation population of 614 bulls, steers, and heifers that were evaluated for feed intake and efficiency in the same feedlot and subsequently slaughtered at the end of their test period was constructed. The Irish national genetic evaluations for a terminal index of calving performance, docility, feed intake, and carcass traits were undertaken with the phenotypic records of animals present in the validation population masked. The validation population animals were subsequently stratified into four groups, within sex, according to their terminal index value. Mixed models were used to quantify the association between terminal genetic merit and phenotypic performance; whether the associations differed by sex were also investigated. The regression coefficient of phenotypic feed intake, carcass weight, carcass conformation, or carcass fat on its respective estimated breeding values was 0.86 kg dry matter 0.91 kg, 1.01 units, and 1.29 units, respectively, which are close to the expectation of one. On average, cattle in the very high terminal index stratum had a 0.63 kg DM/d lower feed intake, a 25.05 kg heavier carcass, a 1.82 unit better carcass conformation (scale 1 to 15), and a 1.24 unit less carcass fat score (scale 1 to 15), relative to cattle in the very low terminal index stratum. Cattle of superior total genetic merit were also more feed efficient (i.e., had a lower energy conversion ratio, lower residual feed intake, and greater residual gain), had a greater proportion of their live-weight as carcass weight (i.e., better dressing percentage) and were slaughtered at a younger age relative to their inferior total genetic merit counterparts. This study provides validation of an all-encompassing total merit index and demonstrates the benefits of selection on a total merit index for feed and production efficiency, which should impart confidence among stakeholders in the contribution of genetic selection to simultaneous improvements in individual animal performance and efficiency.

POSTWEANING GAIN AND FEED EFFICIENCY OF CROSSBRED BULLS, STEERS AND HEIFERS FROM CHAROLAIS, SIMMENTAL AND LIMOUSIN SIRES MATED TO HEREFORD, ANGUS AND SHORTHORN DAMS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Breed Crosses

Postweaning gain and feed efficiency results are reported from an evaluation of crossbred calves sired by Charolais, Simmental and Limousin bulls and born to Hereford, Angus and Shorthorn cows in 48 herds located throughout the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Bull, steer and heifer calves were weaned at approximately 7 mo of age and transported to the Brandon or the Lacombe Research Stations where their performance was measured during a 112-d postweaning test period in which male calves were fed a high-energy feedlot diet and heifers were developed as breeding females on a lower energy diet. The data, which did not represent all sire breeds or sexes in all station years, were analyzed in eight separate data sets for gain and five for feed efficiency. Interpretation is based on paired comparisons of breed crosses within data set. In general, Limousin-sired male calves gained an average of 14.0 kg less than Charolais-sired and 9.6 kg less than Simmental-sired male calves from comparable dams, while Charolais-sired and Simmental-sired male calves performed equally. The same breed-of-sire pattern was apparent in heifer calves fed a lower energy diet, but the effects were smaller and were significant less often. Breed-of-dam effects were apparent for on-test weight, but not for gain during the test period. There were no consistent breed-of-sire differences in feed conversion ratio. The cost to the feeder of the slower gain exhibited by the Limousin-sired calves in this experiment could be offset by the lower calf purchase weight, depending on the premium, if any, paid on the price per kg for the lighter calves. Key words: Beef cattle, breed comparison, post-weaning growth, feed efficiency

Carcass characteristics of heavyweight crossbred lambs. I. Growth and carcass measurements

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD Atkins ◽  
JM Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
Skeletal Size ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Higher Weights ◽  
Dressing Percentage ◽  
Breed Crosses

An experiment was conducted at Temora Agricultural Research Station to assess the potential for producing heavyweight lamb carcasses from breeds currently used in the prime lamb industry. Growth to slaughter, dressing percentage and carcass measurements of lambs from six breed crosses were compared over a range of carcass weights. The lambs were the progeny of Dorset Horn and Border Leicester rams joined to Merino, Corriedale and Border Leicester x Merino first-cross ewes. Within each breed combination, lambs were allocated to be slaughtered at 34, 44 or 54 kg liveweight. Lambs sired by Dorset Horn rams were slightly larger at birth and weaning, and reached their slaughter weights at a younger age, than lambs sired by Border Leicester rams. Lambs from Border Leicester x Merino ewes grew 10% faster than lambs from Corriedale ewes. The progeny of Merino ewes were always slowest-growing, and this was more marked at higher weights. Carcasses from the slower-growing genotypes tended to be larger in skeletal size and had a lower dressing percentage than carcasses from faster-growing genotypes, when adjusted to the same carcass weight. Fat depth at the 12th-13th rib increased, on average, by 20% for each 10% increase in carcass weight, over the range of carcass weights examined. The rate of increase in carcass fatness was significantly lower in lambs sired by Dorset Horn rams and lambs from Merino ewes, compared with lambs of the other breeds.

Endocannabinoid concentrations in plasma during the finishing period are associated with feed efficiency and carcass composition of beef cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
V. M. Artegoitia ◽  
A. P. Foote ◽  
R. G. Tait ◽  
L. A. Kuehn ◽  
R. M. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Composition
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