POSTWEANING GAIN AND FEED EFFICIENCY OF CROSSBRED BULLS, STEERS AND HEIFERS FROM CHAROLAIS, SIMMENTAL AND LIMOUSIN SIRES MATED TO HEREFORD, ANGUS AND SHORTHORN DAMS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
A. K. W. TONG ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Breed Crosses

Postweaning gain and feed efficiency results are reported from an evaluation of crossbred calves sired by Charolais, Simmental and Limousin bulls and born to Hereford, Angus and Shorthorn cows in 48 herds located throughout the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Bull, steer and heifer calves were weaned at approximately 7 mo of age and transported to the Brandon or the Lacombe Research Stations where their performance was measured during a 112-d postweaning test period in which male calves were fed a high-energy feedlot diet and heifers were developed as breeding females on a lower energy diet. The data, which did not represent all sire breeds or sexes in all station years, were analyzed in eight separate data sets for gain and five for feed efficiency. Interpretation is based on paired comparisons of breed crosses within data set. In general, Limousin-sired male calves gained an average of 14.0 kg less than Charolais-sired and 9.6 kg less than Simmental-sired male calves from comparable dams, while Charolais-sired and Simmental-sired male calves performed equally. The same breed-of-sire pattern was apparent in heifer calves fed a lower energy diet, but the effects were smaller and were significant less often. Breed-of-dam effects were apparent for on-test weight, but not for gain during the test period. There were no consistent breed-of-sire differences in feed conversion ratio. The cost to the feeder of the slower gain exhibited by the Limousin-sired calves in this experiment could be offset by the lower calf purchase weight, depending on the premium, if any, paid on the price per kg for the lighter calves. Key words: Beef cattle, breed comparison, post-weaning growth, feed efficiency

EFFICIENCY OF FEED UTILIZATION BY THREE-BREED CROSS STEERS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. McKAY ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Breed Crosses ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
Maternal Grandsire

Feed efficiencies, defined as feed-to-gain or weight ratios, were computed on 1046 steers reared between 1973 and 1978 at the Brandon Research Station. The progeny were out of 10 specific F1 crosses of dams mated to Charolais (C), Simmental (S), Limousin (L), and Chianina (Chi) bulls with none of the F1 dams being backcrossed. Dam crosses included the Hereford × Angus (HA) and crosses sired by C, S, and L bulls out of Hereford (H), Angus (A), and Shorthorn (N) dams. Feed-to-gain ratios were calculated on a live animal postweaning basis (for both a 140-d test and total liveweight gain from on-test to slaughter) and a carcass basis (hot carcass weight and rough or untrimmed lean, fat, and bone weights of combined cuts). The combined cuts were the rib, long loin (comprising the short loin and the sirloin butt), and round. In the live animal traits, the progeny from the 10 F1 dam crosses did not differ, but on a carcass basis, the progeny from the "exotic" crosses had better feed-to-gain ratios than the HA cross. Differences among the progeny of the "exotic" crosses included: C crosses < L crosses, "exotic" × A and "exotic" × N < "exotic" × H for hot carcass weight; "exotic" × N < "exotic" × H for rough weight of the combined cuts; S crosses < L crosses and "exotic" × N < "exotic" × A for fat and bone weights of the combined cuts; and "exotic" × N < "exotic" × H for fat weight of the combined cuts. There were no significant breed of dam's sire (maternal grandsire) × breed of dam's dam (maternal grand-dam) effects. Differences in breed of dam's sire were C < S for 140-d test, C < L for total liveweight gain, and S < L for bone weight of the combined cuts. Breed of dam's dam differences were N < (A = H) for fat weight of the combined cuts. Breed of terminal sire effects revealed that the progeny from the S and C breeds were similar for all measures of feed efficiency and the L and C breeds were only similar for feed efficiencies expressed on a carcass basis. Progeny from the Chi breed were comparable to the progeny from the C breed but not to the progeny from the S and L breeds in these traits. Key words: Beef cattle, breed crosses, steers, feed efficiency

Feed efficiency for meat and wool production by Merino and F1 Dohne×Merino lambs fed pelleted diets of different nutritive value

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 879 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Van Beem ◽  
D. Wellington ◽  
B. L. Paganoni ◽  
P. E. Vercoe ◽  
J. T. B. Milton
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Western Australian

There is anecdotal evidence from Western Australian breeders that Dohne sheep maintain a higher level of meat and wool production than Australian Merinos. Feed efficiency, carcass and wool attributes are moderately heritable so we hypothesised there would be differences in these traits between Merino and F1 Dohne × Merino lambs. Two groups of 15 Merino and 15 F1 Dohne × Merino wether lambs (29–40 kg) were fed a pelleted diet of either moderate or high energy and protein content for 48 days. Ad libitum pellet intake and liveweight gain were measured and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) for both wool growth and liveweight were calculated. Wool growth and quality were measured and the lambs were slaughtered to measure carcass and meat quality attributes. The F1 Dohne lambs were heavier at the start of the study and grew faster than the Merinos (P < 0.05) irrespective of diet. Consequently, the carcasses of the F1 Dohne lambs were heavier than the Merinos (P < 0.001), but the differences in FCR were not significant. Merino lambs produced more clean wool of lower fibre diameter from less feed than the F1 Dohne lambs (P < 0.05). These results suggest that F1 Dohne × Merino lambs may have an economic advantage in terms of meat production, but this is traded-off against wool production.

The social wasp Vespula germanica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) population dynamics in England over 39 years.

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Michael Archer
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Dynamic ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Social Wasp ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Vespula Germanica ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Suction Traps

1. Yearly records of worker Vespula germanica (Fabricius) taken in suction traps at Silwood Park (28 years) and at Rothamsted Research (39 years) are examined. 2. Using the autocorrelation function (ACF), a significant negative 1-year lag followed by a lesser non-significant positive 2-year lag was found in all, or parts of, each data set, indicating an underlying population dynamic of a 2-year cycle with a damped waveform. 3. The minimum number of years before the 2-year cycle with damped waveform was shown varied between 17 and 26, or was not found in some data sets. 4. Ecological factors delaying or preventing the occurrence of the 2-year cycle are considered.

Predictive and Descriptive CoMFA Models: The Effect of Variable Selection

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhtyar Sepehri ◽  
Nematollah Omidikia ◽  
Mohsen Kompany-Zareh ◽  
Raouf Ghavami
Keyword(s):  
Variable Selection ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Comfa Model ◽  
Variable Selection Method

Aims & Scope: In this research, 8 variable selection approaches were used to investigate the effect of variable selection on the predictive power and stability of CoMFA models. Materials & Methods: Three data sets including 36 EPAC antagonists, 79 CD38 inhibitors and 57 ATAD2 bromodomain inhibitors were modelled by CoMFA. First of all, for all three data sets, CoMFA models with all CoMFA descriptors were created then by applying each variable selection method a new CoMFA model was developed so for each data set, 9 CoMFA models were built. Obtained results show noisy and uninformative variables affect CoMFA results. Based on created models, applying 5 variable selection approaches including FFD, SRD-FFD, IVE-PLS, SRD-UVEPLS and SPA-jackknife increases the predictive power and stability of CoMFA models significantly. Result & Conclusion: Among them, SPA-jackknife removes most of the variables while FFD retains most of them. FFD and IVE-PLS are time consuming process while SRD-FFD and SRD-UVE-PLS run need to few seconds. Also applying FFD, SRD-FFD, IVE-PLS, SRD-UVE-PLS protect CoMFA countor maps information for both fields.

Human Activity Recognition using Fourier Transform Inspired Deep Learning Combination Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Kyungkoo Jun
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Window Size ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Labeling Scheme

Background & Objective: This paper proposes a Fourier transform inspired method to classify human activities from time series sensor data. Methods: Our method begins by decomposing 1D input signal into 2D patterns, which is motivated by the Fourier conversion. The decomposition is helped by Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) which captures the temporal dependency from the signal and then produces encoded sequences. The sequences, once arranged into the 2D array, can represent the fingerprints of the signals. The benefit of such transformation is that we can exploit the recent advances of the deep learning models for the image classification such as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Results: The proposed model, as a result, is the combination of LSTM and CNN. We evaluate the model over two data sets. For the first data set, which is more standardized than the other, our model outperforms previous works or at least equal. In the case of the second data set, we devise the schemes to generate training and testing data by changing the parameters of the window size, the sliding size, and the labeling scheme. Conclusion: The evaluation results show that the accuracy is over 95% for some cases. We also analyze the effect of the parameters on the performance.

scholarly journals An Algorithm for the Removal of Cosmic Ray Artifacts in Spectral Data Sets

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 893-901
Author(s):  
Sinead J. Barton ◽  
Bryan M. Hennelly
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Biological Cells ◽  
Statistical Classification ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Artefact Removal ◽  
Single Capture ◽  
Acquisition Method

Cosmic ray artifacts may be present in all photo-electric readout systems. In spectroscopy, they present as random unidirectional sharp spikes that distort spectra and may have an affect on post-processing, possibly affecting the results of multivariate statistical classification. A number of methods have previously been proposed to remove cosmic ray artifacts from spectra but the goal of removing the artifacts while making no other change to the underlying spectrum is challenging. One of the most successful and commonly applied methods for the removal of comic ray artifacts involves the capture of two sequential spectra that are compared in order to identify spikes. The disadvantage of this approach is that at least two recordings are necessary, which may be problematic for dynamically changing spectra, and which can reduce the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio when compared with a single recording of equivalent duration due to the inclusion of two instances of read noise. In this paper, a cosmic ray artefact removal algorithm is proposed that works in a similar way to the double acquisition method but requires only a single capture, so long as a data set of similar spectra is available. The method employs normalized covariance in order to identify a similar spectrum in the data set, from which a direct comparison reveals the presence of cosmic ray artifacts, which are then replaced with the corresponding values from the matching spectrum. The advantage of the proposed method over the double acquisition method is investigated in the context of the S/N ratio and is applied to various data sets of Raman spectra recorded from biological cells.

Imbalanced Data Detection Kernel Method in Closed Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 756-759 ◽  
pp. 3652-3658
Author(s):  
You Li Lu ◽  
Jun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Kernel Methods ◽  
Kernel Method ◽  
Imbalanced Data ◽  
Data Detection ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
System Call ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Imbalanced Data Sets ◽  
Lower Complexity ◽  
Closed Systems

Under the study of Kernel Methods, this paper put forward two improved algorithm which called R-SVM & I-SVDD in order to cope with the imbalanced data sets in closed systems. R-SVM used K-means algorithm clustering space samples while I-SVDD improved the performance of original SVDD by imbalanced sample training. Experiment of two sets of system call data set shows that these two algorithms are more effectively and R-SVM has a lower complexity.

scholarly journals Investigating the impact of pre-processing techniques and pre-trained word embeddings in detecting Arabic health information on social media

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Albalawi ◽  
Jim Buckley ◽  
Nikola S. Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Word Embeddings ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Lower Accuracy ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of data pre-processing and word embedding techniques in the context of Arabic document classification in the domain of health-related communication on social media. We evaluate 26 text pre-processings applied to Arabic tweets within the process of training a classifier to identify health-related tweets. For this task we use the (traditional) machine learning classifiers KNN, SVM, Multinomial NB and Logistic Regression. Furthermore, we report experimental results with the deep learning architectures BLSTM and CNN for the same text classification problem. Since word embeddings are more typically used as the input layer in deep networks, in the deep learning experiments we evaluate several state-of-the-art pre-trained word embeddings with the same text pre-processing applied. To achieve these goals, we use two data sets: one for both training and testing, and another for testing the generality of our models only. Our results point to the conclusion that only four out of the 26 pre-processings improve the classification accuracy significantly. For the first data set of Arabic tweets, we found that Mazajak CBOW pre-trained word embeddings as the input to a BLSTM deep network led to the most accurate classifier with F1 score of 89.7%. For the second data set, Mazajak Skip-Gram pre-trained word embeddings as the input to BLSTM led to the most accurate model with F1 score of 75.2% and accuracy of 90.7% compared to F1 score of 90.8% achieved by Mazajak CBOW for the same architecture but with lower accuracy of 70.89%. Our results also show that the performance of the best of the traditional classifier we trained is comparable to the deep learning methods on the first dataset, but significantly worse on the second dataset.

PSVI-8 Meta-regression Analysis to Determine the Relationship Between Growing Pig Body Weight and Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Andres Fernando T Russi ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The swine industry has been constantly evolving to select animals with improved performance traits and to minimize variation in body weight (BW) in order to meet packer specifications. Therefore, understanding variation presents an opportunity for producers to find strategies that could help reduce, manage, or deal with variation of pigs in a barn. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from multiple studies and available data sets in order to develop prediction equations for coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) as a function of BW. Information regarding BW variation from 16 papers was recorded to provide approximately 204 data points. Together, these data included 117,268 individually weighed pigs with a sample size that ranged from 104 to 4,108 pigs. A random-effects model with study used as a random effect was developed. Observations were weighted using sample size as an estimate for precision on the analysis, where larger data sets accounted for increased accuracy in the model. Regression equations were developed using the nlme package of R to determine the relationship between BW and its variation. Polynomial regression analysis was conducted separately for each variation measurement. When CV was reported in the data set, SD was calculated and vice versa. The resulting prediction equations were: CV (%) = 20.04 – 0.135 × (BW) + 0.00043 × (BW)2, R2=0.79; SD = 0.41 + 0.150 × (BW) - 0.00041 × (BW)2, R2 = 0.95. These equations suggest that there is evidence for a decreasing quadratic relationship between mean CV of a population and BW of pigs whereby the rate of decrease is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market. Conversely, the rate of increase of SD of a population of pigs is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market.

scholarly journals Classification of jujube defects in small data sets based on transfer learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Ju ◽  
Hong Zheng ◽  
Xiaohang Xu ◽  
Zhongyuan Guo ◽  
Zhaohui Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Loss Function ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Parameter Distribution ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Small Data Sets

AbstractAlthough convolutional neural networks have achieved success in the field of image classification, there are still challenges in the field of agricultural product quality sorting such as machine vision-based jujube defects detection. The performance of jujube defect detection mainly depends on the feature extraction and the classifier used. Due to the diversity of the jujube materials and the variability of the testing environment, the traditional method of manually extracting the features often fails to meet the requirements of practical application. In this paper, a jujube sorting model in small data sets based on convolutional neural network and transfer learning is proposed to meet the actual demand of jujube defects detection. Firstly, the original images collected from the actual jujube sorting production line were pre-processed, and the data were augmented to establish a data set of five categories of jujube defects. The original CNN model is then improved by embedding the SE module and using the triplet loss function and the center loss function to replace the softmax loss function. Finally, the depth pre-training model on the ImageNet image data set was used to conduct training on the jujube defects data set, so that the parameters of the pre-training model could fit the parameter distribution of the jujube defects image, and the parameter distribution was transferred to the jujube defects data set to complete the transfer of the model and realize the detection and classification of the jujube defects. The classification results are visualized by heatmap through the analysis of classification accuracy and confusion matrix compared with the comparison models. The experimental results show that the SE-ResNet50-CL model optimizes the fine-grained classification problem of jujube defect recognition, and the test accuracy reaches 94.15%. The model has good stability and high recognition accuracy in complex environments.

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