EFFECT OF LOCATION OF THE TEAT SUCKLED, BREED AND PARITY ON PIGLET GROWTH

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. DYCK ◽  
E. E. SWIERSTRA ◽  
R. M. MCKAY ◽  
K. MOUNT
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
The Difference

The effect of location of the teat suckled on piglet growth was evaluated on 919 piglets in 111 litters from 20 Yorkshire (Y) and 17 Yorkshire × Lacombe (YL) sows over the 2nd to 4th parities. Analysis of covariance was used to adjust the data for the effect of birth weight and number of piglets born alive. Piglet weight at 35 d of age was correlated with birth weight (r = 0.606) and the number of piglets born alive (r = −0.256). A breed difference was observed only for piglet weight gain (adjusted for litter size) with Y piglets being lighter (P < 0.01) than YL piglets at both 21 (Y, 3.77 kg vs. YL, 4.10 kg) and 35 (Y, 6.84 kg vs. YL, 7.95 kg) days of age. Piglets suckling the three anterior teats were heavier (P < 0.01) at 21 and 35 d of age than piglets suckling the three to four posterior teats. The effect of teat location on piglet weight was apparent both as a main effect and through its interaction with sow breed and with parity. At 21 d of age the weight, adjusted for birth weight and number born alive, of Y and YL piglets suckling the anterior teats was similar (Y, 5.43 kg; YL, 5.55 kg) and greater (P < 0.05) than the weight of piglets suckling the posterior teats. For piglets suckling the posterior teats, the Y piglets were heavier (P < 0.05) than YL piglets (Y, 5.18 kg vs. YL, 4.78 kg). At 35 d of age, the Y piglets suckling the anterior teats were lighter (P < 0.05) than YL piglets (Y, 8.78 kg vs. YL, 9.35 kg), and heavier (P < 0.05) than piglets suckling the posterior teats. The weight of Y and YL piglets suckling the posterior teats was similar (Y, 8.33 kg; YL, 8.24 kg). For weight gain (adjusted for number born alive) the differences at 21 and 35 d of age were YLa (anterior teats)>Ya>YLp (posterior teats) = Yp, and YLa>Ya = YLp>Yp, respectively. The parity × teat location effect was an increase in the difference in average piglet weight between piglets suckling the anterior and posterior teats from 2nd to 4th parity (21 d, 0.33–0.65 kg, P = 0.137; 35 d, 0.39–1.17 kg, P = 0.085). For weight gain, these differences were significant (21 d, 0.31–0.75 kg, P = 0.017; 35 d, 0.43–1.26 kg, P = 0.007). These results indicate that the effect of location of the teat suckled on piglet weight is specific to the breed of dam and influenced by parity with piglets suckling the more anterior teats being heavier. Key words: Piglet weight, teat location, breed, parity

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kinerja Pertumbuhan Sapi Silangan Belgian Blue dan Peranakan Ongole

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Jakaria Jakaria ◽  
Edwar Edwar ◽  
Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum ◽  
Rudy Priyanto
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Daily Body Weight ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRAK. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kinerja pertumbuhan sapi persilangan Belgian Blue (BB) dan sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) pada turunan pertama (F1). Sapi persilangan (BB dan PO) yang digunakan sebanyak 15 ekor terdiri atas jantan 6 ekor dan betina 9 ekor, selain itu digunakan 8 ekor sapi PO betina yang dipelihara di Balai Embrio Ternak (BET) Cipelang Bogor. Peubah yang diamati adalah bobot lahir (BW), bobot sapih (WW) 205 hari, bobot 1 tahun (YW), pertambahan bobot badan harian dari lahir (GBW) sampai sapih (GWW) dan pertambahan bobot badan harian dari sapih (GWW) sampai umur 1 tahun (GYW). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan perbedaan antar sapi silangan (BB-PO) dengan sapi PO dilakukan uji t. Hasil analisis bobot badan dan pertumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa, bobot badan sapi silangan BB dan PO lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sapi PO pada WW 205 hari (165,2±21,3 kg dan 115±15,2 kg), YW (365 hari) (240,7±28,1 kg dan 194,9±26,1 kg) dan GBW sampai GWW (0,675±0,097 kg dan 0,441±0,059 kg). BW dan GWW sampai GYW tidak berbeda antara sapi silangan BB-PO dengan PO. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program cross-breeding sapi BB dengan PO dapat meningkatkan kinerja bobot badan dan pertumbuhan.  (Growth performance evaluation of belgian blue and ongole crossbreed) ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth performance of cross-breeding of Belgian Blue (BB) and Ongole Grade (PO) cattle in the first generation (F1). Crossbred of BB and PO cattle used as many as 15 individuals consisting of 6 males and 9 females, also, 8 individual PO females are used which are kept in the Livestock Embryo Center (BET) Cipelang, Bogor. The observed variables were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) 205 days, 1-year weight (YW) 365 days, daily body weight gain from birth (GBW) to weaning (GWW) and daily body weight gain from weaning (GWW) until the age of 1 year (GYW). Data were analyzed descriptively and the difference between cross-breeding (BB-PO) cattle and PO cattle was analyzed by t-test. The results of body weight and growth analysis showed that crossbred BB and PO cattle were higher than PO cattle at WW 205 days (165.2 ± 21.3 kg and 115 ± 15.2 kg), YW (365 days) (240.7 ± 28.1 kg and 194.9 ± 26.1 kg ) and GBW to GWW (0.675 ± 0.097 kg and 0.441 ± 0.059 kg). BW and GWW to GYW do not differ between crossbred BB-PO and PO cattle. The results of this study indicate that the cross-breeding program for BB cattle with PO cattle breeds can improve the performance of body weight and growth.

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal Factors on Birth Weight in Japan

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misato Terada ◽  
Yoshio Matsuda ◽  
Masaki Ogawa ◽  
Hideo Matsui ◽  
Shoji Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gestational Duration

Objective. We investigated the possible factors related to the birth weight (BW) using the Japanese perinatal database.Methods. The live infants born at 37 to 41 weeks of gestation were enrolled in this study. Cases with diabetic pregnancy, preeclampsia, an anomalous fetus, and a fetus with chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. A multiple regression analysis for confounding factors and an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) for comparing the BW in 2006 and 2010 were used for the statistical analysis.Results. The BW significantly decreased from 2950.8 g in 2006 (n=27,723) to 2937.5 g in 2010 (n=38,008) in the overall population, and this decrease was similar for male and female neonates. All confounding factors, except for the mode of delivery, affected the BW. Primiparity, smoking, and a female gender were related to the decrease in BW, whereas maternal age, maternal height, weight gain during pregnancy, BMI, the use ofin vitrofertilization, induction of labor, and gestational duration were related to an increased BW. The ANCOVA showed that no significant change of the BW was seen between 2006 and 2010 (the difference was 2.164 g,P=0.414).Conclusion. The gestational duration is the most important factor affecting the BW in singleton term infants.

Genetic relationships between seasonal tissue levels in Scottish Blackface ewes and lamb growth traits

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Lambe ◽  
S. Brotherstone ◽  
M. J. Young ◽  
J. Conington ◽  
G. Simm
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Lamb Growth

AbstractScottish Blackface ewes (no. = 308) were scanned four times per year using X-ray computed tomography (CT scanning) (pre-mating, pre-lambing, mid lactation and weaning), from 18 months to 5 years of age, giving a maximum of 16 scanning events per ewe. Total weights of carcass fat, internal fat and carcass muscle were estimated from the CT images at each scanning event. Lambs produced by these ewes were weighed at birth, mid lactation and weaning to calculate litter growth traits: litter birth weight; litter weight gain from birth until mid lactation; and litter weight gain from birth until weaning. Genetic (rg) and phenotypic (rp) correlations were estimated between ewe CT tissue traits and litter growth traits. Correlations between ewe CT tissue traits and litter size (LS) were also estimated. Ewe CT tissue traits were either unadjusted or adjusted for total soft tissue weight (sum of weights of carcass fat, internal fat and carcass muscle) to investigate relationships with either absolute tissue weights of carcass fat (CFWT), internal fat (IFWT), and carcass muscle (CMWT), or relative proportions of carcass fat (CFP), internal fat (IFP), and carcass muscle (CMP). Litter growth traits were either unadjusted or adjusted for litter size, to investigate relationships with total lamb burden (total litter birth weight (TBW), total litter weight gain from birth until mid lactation (TWGM), total litter weight gain from birth until weaning (TWGW)) or average lamb performance (average lamb birth weight (ABW), average lamb weight gain from birth until mid lactation (AWGM), average lamb weight gain from birth until weaning (AWGW)).Moderate to large positive genetic correlations were estimated between absolute weights of all three ewe tissues (CFWT, IFWT, CMWT), or muscle proportion (CMP), and litter size (LS). Significant positive genetic correlations were also estimated between weight (CMWT) or proportion (CMP) of muscle carried by the ewe pre-mating and total birth weight (TBW) and weight gains (TWGM, TWGW) of her litter, largely due to the associated increase in litter size. Muscle proportion (CMP) was not significantly correlated to average lamb weights or weight gains (ABW, AWGM, AWGW). Pre-lambing carcass fat weight (CFWT) and proportion (CFP) in the ewe showed positive genetic correlations with average lamb weights and weight gains (ABW, AWGM, AWGW), whereas, after lambing, CFP was negatively correlated with these lamb traits. Internal fat weight (IFWT) pre-mating showed positive genetic correlations with all litter growth traits (TBW, TWGM, TWGW, ABW, AWGM, AWGW). Average lamb growth traits were negatively correlated with pre-lambing internal fat proportion (IFP), but positively correlated to IFP at mid lactation and weaning.Correlations were also estimated between each pair of CT traits. Total internal fat weight and total carcass fat weight were very highly correlated (rp= 0·75,rg= 0·96). Correlations with total carcass muscle weight were smaller and positive for both carcass fat weight (rp= 0·48,rg= 0·12) and internal fat weight (rp= 0·42,rg= 0·20).The results suggest that selection for increased carcass muscle weight or proportion in a Scottish Blackface hill flock would have a positive effect on total weights of litters reared, but that selection against carcass fat weight or proportion in a breeding programme for Blackface sheep may have an impact on the maternal ability of the ewe. However, maintaining fat in internal depots may reduce the depletion of carcass fat during pregnancy, allowing this depot to provide energy for lactation, and may have a positive impact on lamb growth.

FAILURE OF A 16 h L:8 h D or AN 8 h L:16 h D PHOTOPERIOD TO INFLUENCE LACTATION OR REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY IN SOWS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. GREENBERG ◽  
J. P. MAHONE
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Long Photoperiod ◽  
Size At Birth

Forty-one sows were divided into two groups where animals were either exposed to a long photoperiod (16 h L:8 h D) or a short photoperiod (8 h L:16 h D) 1 mo before parturition. One month prior to the following parturition, sows were switched to the opposite light treatment and maintained on this treatment until the following estrus. Birth weight and litter size at birth of piglets conceived under natural lighting (15.4 h L) did not significantly differ from piglets conceived under a 16 h L or 8 h L photoperiod. Litter size at weaning and weight of piglets did not significantly differ for receiving a 16 h L or an 8 h L regime followed by the opposite treatment. The length of time to return to heat from weaning to next estrus was unaffected by photoperiod. The results from this experiment indicate that photoperiods of 16 h L:8 h D or 8 h L:16 h D have no influence on reproductive efficiency or lactation in sows. Key words: Light, photoperiod, production, swine, sows

Linseed meal during early pregnancy increases litter size in pigs without affecting post-natal growth

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-493
Author(s):  
K.A. Vonnahme ◽  
R.C. Zimprich ◽  
E.K. Harris ◽  
E.P. Berg ◽  
D.J. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Linseed Meal ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
And Control

To determine how feeding linseed meal (LSM) during gestation influences litter size, placental weight, and piglet growth, sows (n = 30) received a phytoestrogen-free Control diet throughout gestation; 12.5% LSM diet throughout gestation (LSM114); or 12.5% LSM diet from day 1 to day 15 of gestation and control diet until parturition (LSM15). Maternal diet did not affect birth weight, placental weight, or postnatal growth. The number of fully formed piglets was increased (P = 0.05) in LSM15 sows compared with Control and LSM114 sows (13.5 vs. 10.1 and 11.6 ± 1.0, respectively). Feeding LSM during the first 2 wk after breeding may enhance litter size.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BOBOT LAHIR DENGAN PENAMPILAN ANAK BABI SAMPAI DISAPIH

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Marfiane M. Nangoy ◽  
M. T. Lapian ◽  
M. Najoan ◽  
J. E. M. Soputan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Keywords Birth Weight ◽  
Observation Results

THE EFFECT OF BIRTH WEIGHT WITH THE APPEARANCE OF THE PIGLETS UNTIL WEANING. The purpose of this research is to determine the corellation of birth weight with the appearance of the piglets until weaning. This research used the method of observation. Results or data obtained in this research, piglets from each parent is divided into 3 categories: high, medium, low. Retrieval of data held on a new born piglets, piglets aged 1 week until the time of weaning. Parameters observed in this research is the birth weight of piglets per head, body weight gain, the weight of piglets, and mortality (MRTA) piglets before weaned (%). Data were analyzed and presented descriptively, which is describing and explaining the general picture of direct observation. Based on the results of this research we concluded that litter size piglets, determines how high the birth weight, weaning weight, body weight gain, and mortality. The greater the birth weight more likely to obtain a high weaning weight as in this research the highest birth weight is 1.64 kg after weaning reached 7.54 kg. Keywords: Birth Weight, Piglets, Weaning

scholarly journals Performance of Booroola Merino and Finnsheep crossbred lambs and ewes

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Young ◽  
G. E. Dickerson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
The Difference

Booroola Merino (B, n= 18) and Finnsheep (F, n =31) rams were mated to F ewes and C3 ewes (1/2 Columbia, 1/4 Suffolk, 1/4 Hampshire). Progeny of these matings were evaluated for performance traits including ewe reproduction through 3 years of age. Averaged over dam breeds, there was no significant difference between B and F sires for conception rate (CR), litter size (LS) at birth or weaning or for lamb mortality to weaning. The difference among sire breeds was not large or significant for birth weight but F sired lambs were significantly heavier than B sired lambs at 63 and 147 days of age. Relative to F sired lambs, B sired lambs had a higher dressing percentage and less fat at the 12th rib but equal estimated percentage kidney fat. A significantly smaller percentage of B-C3 than F, F-C3 or B-F ewe lambs reached puberty by the end of their first breeding season. Ovulation rate at first mating was higher but embryo survival rate tended to be lower for B sired ewes than for F sired ewes. At 2 years of age, B sired ewes produced about 1 kg more wool than F sired ewes. With the exception of the very poor CR of B-C3 ewes at first parity, the differences between the four ewe genotypes were not large or significant for CR at first, second and third parity. The difference between B and F sired ewes in LS at birth was not significant at first parity but B sired ewes were more prolific at second and third parities. However, differences in lamb mortality reduced, and in some cases removed, the differences in LS by weaning time. Relative use of these breeds in commercial U.S. production schemes is discussed.

scholarly journals VARIATION IN PIGLET WEIGHTS: RELATIONSHIP TO SUCKLING BEHAVIOR, PARITY NUMBER AND FARROWING CRATE DESIGN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID FRASER ◽  
B. K. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Behavioral Factors ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Expected Effect ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Parity Number

Suckling behavior and weight change of piglets were studied during the first 2 wk after birth. Thirty-six litters comprised a balanced comparison of parity number (first or second), litter size (8, 10 or 12), and two farrowing crate designs, one of which had a low horizontal bar that tended to impede the piglets' access to the udder. Piglets showed the expected preference for the anterior teats although the preference was more apparent in the second parity than in the first. Teat fidelity was most pronounced at the two ends of the udder; piglets occupying the middle positions did more fighting during suckling and missed the milk ejection more often. Within-litter variation in 14-day weight increased with increasing parity number of the dam. Initial weight explained 30–40% of within-litter variation in 14-day weight. Behavioral variables explained 2.6% of additional variation in first-parity litters, 18.1% in second-parity litters, and 22.9% in litters of older sows. Suckling position (anterior to posterior) and teat fidelity (consistency of suckling position) were the two behavioral factors most closely associated with 14-day weight. Mean litter 14-day weight showed the expected effect of litter size, but showed no differences attributable to parity number or farrowing crate design. However, within-litter variation in 14-day weight was greater (P < 0.025) in the type of crate that impeded access to the udder. This may have been due to the somewhat higher levels of fighting, and to higher within-litter variance in fighting scores, seen in these crates. Key words: Piglet, weight gain, suckling behavior, farrowing crate design, parity number

PREWEANING GROWTH OF YOUNG AND THE WEIGHT OF MAMMARY GLANDS OF MOTHER MICE

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Nagai
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Inbred Strains Of Mice ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Body

A complete diallel using three inbred strains of mice (C3H/He, C57BL/6J and SWR/J) was made to examine preweaning growth of young, the weight of mammary glands of mothers and the relationship between them. Litter sizes were standardized to either six or eight at birth.The differences between strain-of-dam, strain-of-sire and litter size groups in average body weight of full sibs at 12 days were not significant. The difference between litter size groups in weight of dried-defatted mammary gland of mothers 12 days after delivery (DDMW) was significant. When average birth weight was fixed, the partial correlation between DDMW and 12-day weight, calculated within litter size and mating class, was +0.54. Heterosis in average birth weight and 12-day weight was observed. Relationships between preweaning growth criteria are discussed.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characteristics Of Indigenous Sheep Of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pervage ◽  
M Ershaduzzaman ◽  
MAI Talukder ◽  
MN Hasan ◽  
MAMY Khandoker
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Better Than

This experiment was undertaken to know the phenotypic characteristics of native sheep. The study was conducted to investigate morphometric characters of sheep in three different field sites (Naogaon, Noakhali and Tangail) and Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) nucleus flock through close observation, measuring and record keeping. Characteristics of body weight, body length, heart girth, wither height, fore leg length, hind leg length, head length, ear length, ear width, horn length etc were collected from mature sheep. The results indicate that the average litter size, birth weight, weaning weight and body weight gain were comparatively higher in sheep of BLRI nucleus flock than those of other three regions. The average numbers of service/conception, post partum heat period (days), age at first heat (days), age at first lambing (days), lambing interval (days) were 1.30, 34.13, 266.50, 432.72, 192.17 respectively in BLRI nucleus flock which were comparatively better than the other three regions. The average litter size, birth weight (kg), weaning weight (kg) and body weight gain (g) in nucleus flock were 1.80, 1.19, 6.74 and 60.70 consequently. The overall performance of the sheep of BLRI nucleus flock were comparatively better than the others which may be due to the result of selective breeding, improve feeding, housing, health management etc. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v38i1-2.9906 BJAS 2009; 38(1-2): 1-6

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