Linseed meal during early pregnancy increases litter size in pigs without affecting post-natal growth

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-493
Author(s):  
K.A. Vonnahme ◽  
R.C. Zimprich ◽  
E.K. Harris ◽  
E.P. Berg ◽  
D.J. Newman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Linseed Meal ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
And Control

To determine how feeding linseed meal (LSM) during gestation influences litter size, placental weight, and piglet growth, sows (n = 30) received a phytoestrogen-free Control diet throughout gestation; 12.5% LSM diet throughout gestation (LSM114); or 12.5% LSM diet from day 1 to day 15 of gestation and control diet until parturition (LSM15). Maternal diet did not affect birth weight, placental weight, or postnatal growth. The number of fully formed piglets was increased (P = 0.05) in LSM15 sows compared with Control and LSM114 sows (13.5 vs. 10.1 and 11.6 ± 1.0, respectively). Feeding LSM during the first 2 wk after breeding may enhance litter size.

The effect of litter size, age of ewe and Booroola gene (Fee B) on the birth and placental characteristics of Texel ewes

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 179-179
Author(s):  
Jennifer M.L. Anderson ◽  
J.S. Boyd ◽  
M.J. Harvey ◽  
A. Waterhouse
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Placental Weight

It is widely recorded that placental weight varies a great deal in uniformly treated ewes, yet this variation remains unexplained (Mellor, 1983). The aim of this experiment was to assess the effects of differing parameters on birth weight, placental weight, and number and weight of cotyledons in Texel ewes carrying the Booroola fecundity gene.

scholarly journals PSIII-19 Supplementation of mint oil and yeast cell in lactation diets on performance of offspring during the early-post weaning period

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
Lily P Hernandez ◽  
James L Dunn ◽  
Joel Wenninghoff ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
And Control

Abstract Social and dietary stress at weaning can increase oxidative stress in piglets and impact performance during the early post-wean period. A study was conducted to assess yeast cell and mint oil supplementation during suckling and post-wean periods on offspring growth performance. A total of 481 piglets (6.25 ± 3.35 kg BW) from 45 sows were randomly allotted to pens balanced by weight and litter (6-8 pigs/pen) within maternal diet. Pens of pigs received the same dietary treatment as the sow during the suckling phase: control diet (CON), control + yeast cell at 0.2% (YC), control + mint oil at 10 ppm (MO), and control + yeast cell and mint oil (YCMO) for 35 d post-wean in a 4-phase feeding regimen (phase 1, d0-6; phase 2, d7-13; phase 3, d14-19; phase 4, d20-35). Performance was analyzed as randomized complete block with pen as experimental unit and Tukey’s adjustment as means separation test. Piglets from YC sows were heavier (P < 0.05) than CON with MO and YCMO intermediate at weaning (6.9, 6.5, 6.7 and 6.6 ± 0.2 kg, respectively) and day 6 post-wean (7.12, 6.68, 7.01, and 6.75 ± 0.09 kg, respectively) and no difference among groups at day 13 (9.1 ± 0.16 kg), 19 (11.3 ± 0.19 kg) and 35 (19.7 ± 0.35 kg). Overall, daily gain was greater (P < 0.05) CON-fed pigs than YCMO pigs (0.40, 0.39, 0.38, 0.37 ± 0.01 g/d in CON, YC, MO, and YCMO, respectively). Overall feed intake was greater (P < 0.05) for YCMO than MO resulting in lower (P < 0.05) gain:feed in YCMO-fed pigs vs CON and MO with YC-fed pigs intermediate (0.538 vs 0.617, 0.621, and 0.585, respectively). Exposure to yeast cell or mint oil during the suckling and early post-wean periods provided some benefit to offspring performance.

scholarly journals 179 Supplementation of mint oil and yeast cell in lactation diets on the antioxidant status of the dam and performance of offspring during the suckling phase

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
Lily P Hernandez ◽  
James L Dunn ◽  
Joel Wenninghoff ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Environmental or metabolic heat can increase oxidative stress in sows and may impact suckling pig growth; yeast cell- and oil-based products are used to alleviate oxidative stress. A study was conducted to assess yeast cell and mint oil supplementation in sow lactation diets on sow anti-oxidant status and offspring performance to weaning. A total of 45 sows and gilts (240.7 ± 38.5 kg BW) were assigned to one of 4 diets: Control diet (CON), control + yeast cell at 0.2% (YC), control + mint oil at 10 ppm (MO), and control + yeast cell and mint oil (YCMO). Diets were provided from d 110 of gestation through weaning (21 ± 4 d). Variables evaluated were: sow and piglet growth, litter characteristics at birth, colostrum and milk oxidative status, sow feed intake. Data analyzed as randomized complete block with sow as experimental unit and Tukey’s adjustment as means separation test. There was no effect of maternal diet on sow BW (204.52 ± 43.5 kg) at weaning, piglet birth weight (1.44 ± 0.96 kg), litter size (13.09 ± 6 pig/sow) or sow feed intake (6.32 ± 3.05 kg). Piglets from CON females had lesser gain (P < 0.05) compared with the other groups during the suckling phase (0.23, 0.24, 0.24, and 0.24 ± 0.005 kg in CON, YC, MO, and YCMO group, respectively). Superoxide dismutase activity in sow serum (d110 and weaning), colostrum, and milk was not different among diets and was 39, 59, 45, and 10% lower at weaning than d 110 in CON, YC, MO, and YCMO sows, respectively. Milk glutathione content tended to be lower (P < 0.10) in MO than YCMO sows with CON and YC intermediate (15.2, 32.0, 20.6, and 21.1 U/ml), respectively. Overall, inclusion of yeast cell or mint oil enhanced piglet growth, which may be related to lower sow antioxidant status.

scholarly journals The Mediterranean diet and fetal size parameters: the Generation R Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 1399-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Timmermans ◽  
Régine P. Steegers-Theunissen ◽  
Marijana Vujkovic ◽  
Hanneke den Breeijen ◽  
Henk Russcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Lower Birth Weight ◽  
Fetal Size ◽  
The Mediterranean

Developmental adaptations due to early nutritional exposures may have permanent health consequences. Studies of diet and fetal size have mainly focused on individual nutrients despite evidence that the pattern of food consumption may be of significance. Hence, we evaluated the associations of dietary habits in early pregnancy (gestational age < 18 weeks) with fetal size, uteroplacental vascular resistance, placental weight and birth weight in a prospective observational study of 3207 Caucasian pregnant mothers in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Participants completed a semiquantitative FFQ during early pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis was used to predict the occurrence of intra-uterine growth retardation at birth as a function of food intake. The derived solution was considered as the dietary pattern. As it was characterised by higher intakes of fruit, vegetables, vegetable oil, fish, pasta and rice, and lower intakes of meat, potatoes and fatty sauces, it was labelled the ‘Mediterranean’ diet. The degree of adherence to the diet was positively associated with plasma folate and serum vitamin B12 concentrations and showed an inverse relationship with homocysteine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein plasma concentrations (P <0·05). Important fetal size and placental parameters were associated with the degree of adherence to the diet, revealing a 72 g lower birth weight (95 % CI − 110·8, − 33·3) and a 15 g lower placental weight (95 % CI − 29·8, − 0·2) for women with low adherence to the diet. To conclude, low adherence to a Mediterranean diet in early pregnancy seems associated with decreased intra-uterine size with a lower placental and a lower birth weight.

scholarly journals Maternal Triglyceride Levels during Early Pregnancy are Associated with Birth Weight and Postnatal Growth

2011 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 736-742.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja G.M. Vrijkotte ◽  
Sietske J. Algera ◽  
Ingeborg A. Brouwer ◽  
Manon van Eijsden ◽  
Marcel B. Twickler
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Postnatal Growth

THE INFLUENCE OF LITTER SIZE AND LITTER ORDER ON LENGTH OF GESTATION AND EARLY POSTNATAL GROWTH IN THE GUINEA-PIG

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS McKEOWN ◽  
BRIAN MACMAHON
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Length Of Gestation

SUMMARY The influence of litter size and litter order on length of gestation and early postnatal growth of offspring has been examined on records of sixty-six female guinea-pigs which delivered 440 litters. It is shown that: (a) The association between foetal weight and length of gestation is not the same for different litter sizes: in small litters weight increases with length of gestation; in large litters weight decreases. It is suggested that weight influences time of parturition in large litters, but not in small ones. (b) Length of gestation increases with litter order. This result is shown to be independent of litter size and weight. (c) As litter size increases, weight of young at 28 days after birth decreases, but rate of postnatal growth (weight at 28 days expressed as a percentage of birth weight) increases. (d) Rate of postnatal growth (to 28 days) is lowest for first-born young, increases after the first birth, and falls again after the fourth.

scholarly journals PSVI-10 Mint oil, yeast cell, and ɣ-tocopherol supplementation in gestation and lactation diets on the antioxidant status of the sow and offspring performance during the suckling period

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Lily P Hernandez ◽  
James L Dunn ◽  
Joel Wenninghoff ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Suckling Piglet ◽  
Piglet Growth ◽  
And Control

Abstract Times of high metabolic activity can lead to increased incidence of oxidative stress in gestating and lactating sows which may impact suckling piglet performance. Identifying products that could help alleviate this stress would be beneficial. A study assessed yeast cell, mint oil, and ɣ-tocopherol supplementation in gestation and lactation diets on sow antioxidant status and offspring performance to weaning. A total of 53 sows and gilts (206.2 ± 35.3 kg at breeding) were assigned to one of 4 diet regimens: Control (CON), control + yeast cell at 0.15% (YC), control + mint oil at 10 ppm (MO), and control + ɣ-tocopherol at 200 ppm (GT). Diets were provided from breeding through weaning (lactation day 21 ± 2). Control diets were formulated to meet nutrient requirements in gestation (3279 kcal ME/kg, 0.63% SID Lys) and lactation (3279 kcal ME/kg, 1.06% SID Lys). Yeast cell, mint oil and ɣ-tocopherol were added as a top dress once daily. Sow variables evaluated were weight at beginning and end of each period, feed intake, litter characteristics at birth, and antioxidant status in serum, colostrum and milk. Piglet growth during suckling was determined. Data were analyzed as randomized complete block and Tukey’s adjustment as means separation test. Maternal diet had minimal impact on gestation or lactation feed intake or sow body weight. There was no effect on litter size or piglet birth weight. Piglets from GT-fed sows tended to be heavier at weaning than YC piglets due to differences in daily gain. Glutathione content in colostrum and d14 milk samples did not differ by maternal treatment. D14 milk Glutathione content was 40%, 59%, 62%, and 51% greater in CON, YC, MO, and GT sows, respectively, compared to colostrum. No difference in superoxide dismutase content in serum and d14 milk observed. Inclusion of ɣ-tocopherol in sow gestation and lactation diets enhanced suckling piglet growth; connection to sow antioxidant status remains unclear.

EFFECT OF PRE-COPULATORY TREATMENT WITH AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF Spondias mombin ON GESTATIONAL CHARACSTERISTICS OF RABBITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
A. A. OLOYE ◽  
N. OBI
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Average Litter Size ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
And Control

Fifteen plurigravida rabbits weighing between 2.0 and 2.6 kg were used for the study of gestational characteristics after pre-copulatory oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin. The fifteen does were divided into three groups of five does per group. Four untreated reproductively proven bucks kept separately in different cages were used for copulation. Dosages administered were 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg for groups A and B respectively while distilled water was served to control group C. Mating, pregnancy diagnosis using ultrasound and determination of birth parameters were conducted subsequently at the end of extract treatment. Average litter size,birth weight and gestation length observed in all dosage groups had statistically similar values (p≥0.05).However, it is worth noting the relatively higher values of average litter size in 800mg/kg dosage group and control (5.60±0.40) compared to 400mg/kg group (5.40±0.75) and the highest birth weight value recorded for 800mg/kg (46.63±3.55) compared to 400mg\kg group (45.30±3.22) and control (42.38±3.74). It was concluded that pre-copulatory administration of aqueous leaf extract of Spondias mombin at dosages as high as 800mg/kg to rabbit does not have deleterious effect on its prolificacy and does have pro-fertility tendencies.        

Relationships among steroid hormone levels in newborn piglets, birth weight, placental weight, vitality of offspring and litter size

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 644-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadatoshi OHTAKI ◽  
Masaharu MORIYOSHI ◽  
Ken NAKADA ◽  
Toshihiko NAKAO ◽  
Yutaka SAWAMUKAI
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Newborn Piglets

scholarly journals PSVI-9 Mint oil, yeast cell, and ɣ-tocopherol supplementation in gestation and lactation diets on offspring performance during the post-wean period

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 195-196
Author(s):  
Lily P Hernandez ◽  
James L Dunn ◽  
Joel Wenninghoff ◽  
Crystal L Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Feeding Regimen ◽  
And Control

Abstract Weaning is a period of pig growth associated with increased incidence of oxidative stress which can impact post-weaning performance. Inclusion of feed additives with antioxidant activity in sow diets has been reported to improve offspring growth beyond the suckling phase. A study assessed yeast cell, mint oil, and ɣ-tocopherol supplementation in sow gestation and lactation diets has on offspring post-weaning performance. A total of 605 piglets (6.14 ± 2.53 kg BW) from 53 sows were randomly allotted to 62 pens, balanced by weight and litter within maternal diet [Control diet (CON), control + yeast cell at 0.15% (YC), control + mint oil at 10 ppm (MO), and control + ɣ-tocopherol at 200 ppm (GT)]. Pens of pigs were given a common diet for 126 d post-wean in a 9-phase feeding regimen. After d29 post-wean, performance of pigs deemed light (&lt; 5.10 kg) and heavy (&gt;7.25 kg) at weaning were followed to d126. Performance was analyzed as randomized complete block with pen as experimental unit and Tukey’s adjustment as means separation test. Pigs from CON sows tended to be lighter pigs from all other treatment groups at weaning and d29 post-wean due to differences in daily gain. Lightweight MO and GT pigs had a heavier weight at d42 (P=0.002) than CON and YC pigs (16.8, 16.7, 19.3, and 19.9 ± 0.77 kg in CON, YC, MO, and GT, respectively). At d70 post-wean, GT pigs tended to be heavier than CON pigs, with YC and MO intermediate. Lightweight pigs from MO sows had greater gain (P=0.04) during the finishing period than all other treatment groups, with GT pigs gaining less. There were no detectable differences in BW during the finishing phase among treatments in heavyweight pigs, however, CON pigs tended (P=0.07) to gain the least. Exposure to mint oil and ɣ-tocopherol during the prenatal and suckling period may provide lasting benefits to light-weight pigs post-wean.

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